Data.Array.Repa.Algorithms.Pixel:doubleRmsOfRGB8 from repa-algorithms-3.4.0.1

Percentage Accurate: 44.9% → 44.9%
Time: 7.1s
Alternatives: 5
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{\left(x \cdot x + y \cdot y\right) + z \cdot z}{3}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (sqrt (/ (+ (+ (* x x) (* y y)) (* z z)) 3.0)))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return sqrt(((((x * x) + (y * y)) + (z * z)) / 3.0));
}

real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    code = sqrt(((((x * x) + (y * y)) + (z * z)) / 3.0d0))
end function

public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return Math.sqrt(((((x * x) + (y * y)) + (z * z)) / 3.0));
}

def code(x, y, z):
	return math.sqrt(((((x * x) + (y * y)) + (z * z)) / 3.0))

function code(x, y, z)
	return sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) + Float64(y * y)) + Float64(z * z)) / 3.0))
end

function tmp = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = sqrt(((((x * x) + (y * y)) + (z * z)) / 3.0));
end

code[x_, y_, z_] := N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(z * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sqrt{\frac{\left(x \cdot x + y \cdot y\right) + z \cdot z}{3}}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 5 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 44.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{\left(x \cdot x + y \cdot y\right) + z \cdot z}{3}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (sqrt (/ (+ (+ (* x x) (* y y)) (* z z)) 3.0)))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return sqrt(((((x * x) + (y * y)) + (z * z)) / 3.0));
}

real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    code = sqrt(((((x * x) + (y * y)) + (z * z)) / 3.0d0))
end function

public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return Math.sqrt(((((x * x) + (y * y)) + (z * z)) / 3.0));
}

def code(x, y, z):
	return math.sqrt(((((x * x) + (y * y)) + (z * z)) / 3.0))

function code(x, y, z)
	return sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) + Float64(y * y)) + Float64(z * z)) / 3.0))
end

function tmp = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = sqrt(((((x * x) + (y * y)) + (z * z)) / 3.0));
end

code[x_, y_, z_] := N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(z * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sqrt{\frac{\left(x \cdot x + y \cdot y\right) + z \cdot z}{3}}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 44.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} x = |x|\\ y = |y|\\ z = |z|\\ [x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\ \\ \sqrt{\frac{\left(x \cdot x + y \cdot y\right) + z \cdot z}{3}} \end{array} \]
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: y should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: z should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (sqrt (/ (+ (+ (* x x) (* y y)) (* z z)) 3.0)))
x = abs(x);
y = abs(y);
z = abs(z);
assert(x < y && y < z);
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return sqrt(((((x * x) + (y * y)) + (z * z)) / 3.0));
}

NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: y should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: z should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    code = sqrt(((((x * x) + (y * y)) + (z * z)) / 3.0d0))
end function

x = Math.abs(x);
y = Math.abs(y);
z = Math.abs(z);
assert x < y && y < z;
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return Math.sqrt(((((x * x) + (y * y)) + (z * z)) / 3.0));
}

x = abs(x)
y = abs(y)
z = abs(z)
[x, y, z] = sort([x, y, z])
def code(x, y, z):
	return math.sqrt(((((x * x) + (y * y)) + (z * z)) / 3.0))

x = abs(x)
y = abs(y)
z = abs(z)
x, y, z = sort([x, y, z])
function code(x, y, z)
	return sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) + Float64(y * y)) + Float64(z * z)) / 3.0))
end

x = abs(x)
y = abs(y)
z = abs(z)
x, y, z = num2cell(sort([x, y, z])){:}
function tmp = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = sqrt(((((x * x) + (y * y)) + (z * z)) / 3.0));
end

NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: y should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: z should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(z * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
y = |y|\\
z = |z|\\
[x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\
\\
\sqrt{\frac{\left(x \cdot x + y \cdot y\right) + z \cdot z}{3}}
\end{array}
Derivation

  1. Initial program 45.5%

    \[\sqrt{\frac{\left(x \cdot x + y \cdot y\right) + z \cdot z}{3}} \]

Alternative 2: 44.9% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} x = |x|\\ y = |y|\\ z = |z|\\ [x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\ \\ \sqrt{\frac{x \cdot x + \mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, y \cdot y\right)}{3}} \end{array} \]
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: y should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: z should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (sqrt (/ (+ (* x x) (fma z z (* y y))) 3.0)))
x = abs(x);
y = abs(y);
z = abs(z);
assert(x < y && y < z);
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return sqrt((((x * x) + fma(z, z, (y * y))) / 3.0));
}

x = abs(x)
y = abs(y)
z = abs(z)
x, y, z = sort([x, y, z])
function code(x, y, z)
	return sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) + fma(z, z, Float64(y * y))) / 3.0))
end

NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: y should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: z should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(z * z + N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
y = |y|\\
z = |z|\\
[x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\
\\
\sqrt{\frac{x \cdot x + \mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, y \cdot y\right)}{3}}
\end{array}
Derivation

  1. Initial program 45.5%

    \[\sqrt{\frac{x \cdot x + \mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, y \cdot y\right)}{3}} \]

Alternative 3: 44.9% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} x = |x|\\ y = |y|\\ z = |z|\\ [x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\ \\ \sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(y, y, z \cdot z\right)\right)}{3}} \end{array} \]
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: y should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: z should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (sqrt (/ (fma x x (fma y y (* z z))) 3.0)))
x = abs(x);
y = abs(y);
z = abs(z);
assert(x < y && y < z);
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return sqrt((fma(x, x, fma(y, y, (z * z))) / 3.0));
}

x = abs(x)
y = abs(y)
z = abs(z)
x, y, z = sort([x, y, z])
function code(x, y, z)
	return sqrt(Float64(fma(x, x, fma(y, y, Float64(z * z))) / 3.0))
end

NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: y should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: z should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[Sqrt[N[(N[(x * x + N[(y * y + N[(z * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
y = |y|\\
z = |z|\\
[x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\
\\
\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(y, y, z \cdot z\right)\right)}{3}}
\end{array}
Derivation

  1. Initial program 45.5%

    \[\sqrt{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(y, y, z \cdot z\right)\right)}{3}} \]

Alternative 4: 44.9% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} x = |x|\\ y = |y|\\ z = |z|\\ [x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\ \\ \sqrt{0.3333333333333333 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(y, y, z \cdot z\right)\right)} \end{array} \]
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: y should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: z should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (sqrt (* 0.3333333333333333 (fma x x (fma y y (* z z))))))
x = abs(x);
y = abs(y);
z = abs(z);
assert(x < y && y < z);
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return sqrt((0.3333333333333333 * fma(x, x, fma(y, y, (z * z)))));
}

x = abs(x)
y = abs(y)
z = abs(z)
x, y, z = sort([x, y, z])
function code(x, y, z)
	return sqrt(Float64(0.3333333333333333 * fma(x, x, fma(y, y, Float64(z * z)))))
end

NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: y should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: z should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[Sqrt[N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[(x * x + N[(y * y + N[(z * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
y = |y|\\
z = |z|\\
[x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\
\\
\sqrt{0.3333333333333333 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(y, y, z \cdot z\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation

  1. Initial program 45.4%

    \[\sqrt{0.3333333333333333 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(y, y, z \cdot z\right)\right)} \]

Alternative 5: 44.9% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} x = |x|\\ y = |y|\\ z = |z|\\ [x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\ \\ \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(y, y, z \cdot z\right)\right) \cdot 0.3333333333333333} \end{array} \]
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: y should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: z should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (sqrt (* (fma x x (fma y y (* z z))) 0.3333333333333333)))
x = abs(x);
y = abs(y);
z = abs(z);
assert(x < y && y < z);
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return sqrt((fma(x, x, fma(y, y, (z * z))) * 0.3333333333333333));
}

x = abs(x)
y = abs(y)
z = abs(z)
x, y, z = sort([x, y, z])
function code(x, y, z)
	return sqrt(Float64(fma(x, x, fma(y, y, Float64(z * z))) * 0.3333333333333333))
end

NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: y should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: z should be positive before calling this function
NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[Sqrt[N[(N[(x * x + N[(y * y + N[(z * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
y = |y|\\
z = |z|\\
[x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\
\\
\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(y, y, z \cdot z\right)\right) \cdot 0.3333333333333333}
\end{array}
Derivation

  1. Initial program 45.4%

    \[\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(y, y, z \cdot z\right)\right) \cdot 0.3333333333333333} \]

Developer target: 97.2% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;z < -6.396479394109776 \cdot 10^{+136}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-z}{\sqrt{3}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;z < 7.320293694404182 \cdot 10^{+117}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\left(z \cdot z + x \cdot x\right) + y \cdot y}}{\sqrt{3}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.3333333333333333} \cdot z\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (if (< z -6.396479394109776e+136)
   (/ (- z) (sqrt 3.0))
   (if (< z 7.320293694404182e+117)
     (/ (sqrt (+ (+ (* z z) (* x x)) (* y y))) (sqrt 3.0))
     (* (sqrt 0.3333333333333333) z))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if (z < -6.396479394109776e+136) {
		tmp = -z / sqrt(3.0);
	} else if (z < 7.320293694404182e+117) {
		tmp = sqrt((((z * z) + (x * x)) + (y * y))) / sqrt(3.0);
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt(0.3333333333333333) * z;
	}
	return tmp;
}

real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (z < (-6.396479394109776d+136)) then
        tmp = -z / sqrt(3.0d0)
    else if (z < 7.320293694404182d+117) then
        tmp = sqrt((((z * z) + (x * x)) + (y * y))) / sqrt(3.0d0)
    else
        tmp = sqrt(0.3333333333333333d0) * z
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if (z < -6.396479394109776e+136) {
		tmp = -z / Math.sqrt(3.0);
	} else if (z < 7.320293694404182e+117) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((((z * z) + (x * x)) + (y * y))) / Math.sqrt(3.0);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(0.3333333333333333) * z;
	}
	return tmp;
}

def code(x, y, z):
	tmp = 0
	if z < -6.396479394109776e+136:
		tmp = -z / math.sqrt(3.0)
	elif z < 7.320293694404182e+117:
		tmp = math.sqrt((((z * z) + (x * x)) + (y * y))) / math.sqrt(3.0)
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt(0.3333333333333333) * z
	return tmp

function code(x, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (z < -6.396479394109776e+136)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-z) / sqrt(3.0));
	elseif (z < 7.320293694404182e+117)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(z * z) + Float64(x * x)) + Float64(y * y))) / sqrt(3.0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(0.3333333333333333) * z);
	end
	return tmp
end

function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (z < -6.396479394109776e+136)
		tmp = -z / sqrt(3.0);
	elseif (z < 7.320293694404182e+117)
		tmp = sqrt((((z * z) + (x * x)) + (y * y))) / sqrt(3.0);
	else
		tmp = sqrt(0.3333333333333333) * z;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

code[x_, y_, z_] := If[Less[z, -6.396479394109776e+136], N[((-z) / N[Sqrt[3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[Less[z, 7.320293694404182e+117], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(z * z), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Sqrt[0.3333333333333333], $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]]]

\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;z < -6.396479394109776 \cdot 10^{+136}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-z}{\sqrt{3}}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;z < 7.320293694404182 \cdot 10^{+117}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\left(z \cdot z + x \cdot x\right) + y \cdot y}}{\sqrt{3}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.3333333333333333} \cdot z\\


\end{array}
\end{array}

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2023276 
(FPCore (x y z)
  :name "Data.Array.Repa.Algorithms.Pixel:doubleRmsOfRGB8 from repa-algorithms-3.4.0.1"
  :precision binary64

  :herbie-target
  (if (< z -6.396479394109776e+136) (/ (- z) (sqrt 3.0)) (if (< z 7.320293694404182e+117) (/ (sqrt (+ (+ (* z z) (* x x)) (* y y))) (sqrt 3.0)) (* (sqrt 0.3333333333333333) z)))

  (sqrt (/ (+ (+ (* x x) (* y y)) (* z z)) 3.0)))