
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t_0\right) + t_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 12 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t_0\right) + t_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+
(/ 1.0 t_0)
(* u (+ (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ -1.0 t_0)))))
-1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((1.0f / t_0) + (u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) + (-1.0f / t_0))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / t_0) + Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) + Float32(Float32(-1.0) / t_0))))) + Float32(-1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((single(1.0) / t_0) + (u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) + (single(-1.0) / t_0))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{1}{t_0} + u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} + \frac{-1}{t_0}\right)} + -1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Final simplification99.1%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log
(+
-1.0
(/
1.0
(*
u
(+
(/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s))))
(/ -1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / (u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) + (-1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) + Float32(Float32(-1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log((single(-1.0) + (single(1.0) / (u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) + (single(-1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} + \frac{-1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\right)}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in u around inf 97.2%
sub-neg97.2%
Simplified97.2%
Final simplification97.2%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+ (/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI (- s))))) (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / -s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / Float32(-s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / -s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{-s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Final simplification99.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (+ (* 2.0 (* s u)) (+ (* s (- (log s) (log PI))) (* 2.0 (* s (pow u 2.0))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (2.0f * (s * u)) + ((s * (logf(s) - logf(((float) M_PI)))) + (2.0f * (s * powf(u, 2.0f))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(s * u)) + Float32(Float32(s * Float32(log(s) - log(Float32(pi)))) + Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(s * (u ^ Float32(2.0)))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (single(2.0) * (s * u)) + ((s * (log(s) - log(single(pi)))) + (single(2.0) * (s * (u ^ single(2.0))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
2 \cdot \left(s \cdot u\right) + \left(s \cdot \left(\log s - \log \pi\right) + 2 \cdot \left(s \cdot {u}^{2}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.4%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.4%
*-commutative24.4%
distribute-rgt-out--24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
*-commutative24.4%
Simplified24.4%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
mul-1-neg24.6%
unsub-neg24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
associate-*r*24.6%
distribute-rgt-out24.6%
*-commutative24.6%
Simplified24.6%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.9%
Final simplification24.9%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log s) (fma -2.0 (* u u) (+ (log PI) (* u -2.0))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (logf(s) - fmaf(-2.0f, (u * u), (logf(((float) M_PI)) + (u * -2.0f))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(log(s) - fma(Float32(-2.0), Float32(u * u), Float32(log(Float32(pi)) + Float32(u * Float32(-2.0)))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\log s - \mathsf{fma}\left(-2, u \cdot u, \log \pi + u \cdot -2\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.4%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.4%
*-commutative24.4%
distribute-rgt-out--24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
*-commutative24.4%
Simplified24.4%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
mul-1-neg24.6%
unsub-neg24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
associate-*r*24.6%
distribute-rgt-out24.6%
*-commutative24.6%
Simplified24.6%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.9%
fma-def24.9%
unpow224.9%
*-commutative24.9%
Simplified24.9%
Final simplification24.9%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (+ (* 2.0 (* s u)) (* s (- (log s) (log PI)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (2.0f * (s * u)) + (s * (logf(s) - logf(((float) M_PI))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(s * u)) + Float32(s * Float32(log(s) - log(Float32(pi))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (single(2.0) * (s * u)) + (s * (log(s) - log(single(pi)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
2 \cdot \left(s \cdot u\right) + s \cdot \left(\log s - \log \pi\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.4%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.4%
*-commutative24.4%
distribute-rgt-out--24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
*-commutative24.4%
Simplified24.4%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
mul-1-neg24.6%
unsub-neg24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
associate-*r*24.6%
distribute-rgt-out24.6%
*-commutative24.6%
Simplified24.6%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.9%
Final simplification24.9%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log s) (+ (log PI) (* u -2.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (logf(s) - (logf(((float) M_PI)) + (u * -2.0f)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(log(s) - Float32(log(Float32(pi)) + Float32(u * Float32(-2.0))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (log(s) - (log(single(pi)) + (u * single(-2.0)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\log s - \left(\log \pi + u \cdot -2\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.4%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.4%
*-commutative24.4%
distribute-rgt-out--24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
*-commutative24.4%
Simplified24.4%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
mul-1-neg24.6%
unsub-neg24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
associate-*r*24.6%
distribute-rgt-out24.6%
*-commutative24.6%
Simplified24.6%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.9%
*-commutative24.9%
Simplified24.9%
Final simplification24.9%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log s) (log PI))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (logf(s) - logf(((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(log(s) - log(Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (log(s) - log(single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\log s - \log \pi\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.4%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.4%
*-commutative24.4%
distribute-rgt-out--24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
*-commutative24.4%
Simplified24.4%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
mul-1-neg24.6%
unsub-neg24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
associate-*r*24.6%
distribute-rgt-out24.6%
*-commutative24.6%
Simplified24.6%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.8%
Final simplification24.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log (/ PI s))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log((single(pi) / s)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.4%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.4%
*-commutative24.4%
distribute-rgt-out--24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
*-commutative24.4%
Simplified24.4%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
mul-1-neg24.6%
unsub-neg24.6%
+-commutative24.6%
associate-*r*24.6%
distribute-rgt-out24.6%
*-commutative24.6%
Simplified24.6%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.8%
log-div24.6%
associate-*r*24.6%
neg-mul-124.6%
Simplified24.6%
Final simplification24.6%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (- (log1p (/ PI s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -log1pf((((float) M_PI) / s));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log1p(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\pi}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.4%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.4%
*-commutative24.4%
distribute-rgt-out--24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
*-commutative24.4%
Simplified24.4%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 24.6%
log1p-def24.6%
Simplified24.6%
Final simplification24.6%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (/ (* (- PI) (+ 0.25 (* u -0.5))) (/ s 4.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * ((-((float) M_PI) * (0.25f + (u * -0.5f))) / (s / 4.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) * Float32(Float32(0.25) + Float32(u * Float32(-0.5)))) / Float32(s / Float32(4.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * ((-single(pi) * (single(0.25) + (u * single(-0.5)))) / (s / single(4.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \frac{\left(-\pi\right) \cdot \left(0.25 + u \cdot -0.5\right)}{\frac{s}{4}}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 24.4%
cancel-sign-sub-inv24.4%
*-commutative24.4%
distribute-rgt-out--24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
metadata-eval24.4%
*-commutative24.4%
Simplified24.4%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 11.8%
associate-*r/11.8%
*-commutative11.8%
*-commutative11.8%
*-commutative11.8%
associate-*r*11.8%
fma-udef11.8%
associate-/l*11.8%
fma-udef11.8%
+-commutative11.8%
*-commutative11.8%
associate-*r*11.8%
*-commutative11.8%
associate-*r*11.8%
distribute-rgt-out11.8%
*-commutative11.8%
Simplified11.8%
Final simplification11.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 99.1%
Simplified99.1%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.4%
neg-mul-111.4%
Simplified11.4%
Final simplification11.4%
herbie shell --seed 2023274
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))