
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (- (/ 1.0 (+ x 1.0)) (/ 2.0 x)) (/ 1.0 (- x 1.0))))
double code(double x) {
return ((1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x - 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((1.0d0 / (x + 1.0d0)) - (2.0d0 / x)) + (1.0d0 / (x - 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return ((1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x - 1.0));
}
def code(x): return ((1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x - 1.0))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(x + 1.0)) - Float64(2.0 / x)) + Float64(1.0 / Float64(x - 1.0))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = ((1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x - 1.0)); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(1.0 / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(2.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 / N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x - 1}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 5 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (- (/ 1.0 (+ x 1.0)) (/ 2.0 x)) (/ 1.0 (- x 1.0))))
double code(double x) {
return ((1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x - 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((1.0d0 / (x + 1.0d0)) - (2.0d0 / x)) + (1.0d0 / (x - 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return ((1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x - 1.0));
}
def code(x): return ((1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x - 1.0))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(x + 1.0)) - Float64(2.0 / x)) + Float64(1.0 / Float64(x - 1.0))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = ((1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x - 1.0)); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(1.0 / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(2.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 / N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x - 1}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ 2.0 (* (+ 1.0 x) (- (* x x) x))))
double code(double x) {
return 2.0 / ((1.0 + x) * ((x * x) - x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 2.0d0 / ((1.0d0 + x) * ((x * x) - x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 2.0 / ((1.0 + x) * ((x * x) - x));
}
def code(x): return 2.0 / ((1.0 + x) * ((x * x) - x))
function code(x) return Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(1.0 + x) * Float64(Float64(x * x) - x))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 2.0 / ((1.0 + x) * ((x * x) - x)); end
code[x_] := N[(2.0 / N[(N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{2}{\left(1 + x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x - x\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 83.1%
Simplified83.1%
frac-2neg83.1%
frac-2neg83.1%
metadata-eval83.1%
frac-sub54.8%
metadata-eval54.8%
+-commutative54.8%
distribute-neg-in54.8%
metadata-eval54.8%
sub-neg54.8%
+-commutative54.8%
distribute-neg-in54.8%
metadata-eval54.8%
sub-neg54.8%
Applied egg-rr54.8%
cancel-sign-sub54.8%
*-commutative54.8%
neg-mul-154.8%
unsub-neg54.8%
sub-neg54.8%
distribute-lft-in54.9%
sqr-neg54.9%
unpow254.9%
*-rgt-identity54.9%
+-commutative54.9%
sub-neg54.9%
unpow254.9%
Simplified54.9%
frac-sub53.9%
*-un-lft-identity53.9%
Applied egg-rr53.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= x -1.0) (not (<= x 1.0))) (+ -1.0 (- 1.0 (/ -2.0 x))) (- (/ (- 2.0) x) x)))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -1.0) || !(x <= 1.0)) {
tmp = -1.0 + (1.0 - (-2.0 / x));
} else {
tmp = (-2.0 / x) - x;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if ((x <= (-1.0d0)) .or. (.not. (x <= 1.0d0))) then
tmp = (-1.0d0) + (1.0d0 - ((-2.0d0) / x))
else
tmp = (-2.0d0 / x) - x
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -1.0) || !(x <= 1.0)) {
tmp = -1.0 + (1.0 - (-2.0 / x));
} else {
tmp = (-2.0 / x) - x;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if (x <= -1.0) or not (x <= 1.0): tmp = -1.0 + (1.0 - (-2.0 / x)) else: tmp = (-2.0 / x) - x return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if ((x <= -1.0) || !(x <= 1.0)) tmp = Float64(-1.0 + Float64(1.0 - Float64(-2.0 / x))); else tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0) / x) - x); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if ((x <= -1.0) || ~((x <= 1.0))) tmp = -1.0 + (1.0 - (-2.0 / x)); else tmp = (-2.0 / x) - x; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -1.0], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 1.0]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(-1.0 + N[(1.0 - N[(-2.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[((-2.0) / x), $MachinePrecision] - x), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 1\right):\\
\;\;\;\;-1 + \left(1 - \frac{-2}{x}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-2}{x} - x\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1 or 1 < x Initial program 68.8%
Simplified68.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 3.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 67.7%
associate--r-67.7%
frac-2neg67.7%
metadata-eval67.7%
add-sqr-sqrt36.2%
sqrt-unprod67.8%
sqr-neg67.8%
sqrt-prod31.6%
add-sqr-sqrt68.1%
Applied egg-rr68.1%
if -1 < x < 1Initial program 99.9%
Simplified99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 96.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 96.8%
mul-1-neg96.8%
associate-*r/96.8%
metadata-eval96.8%
Simplified96.8%
Final simplification81.2%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ 1.0 (- -1.0 (/ 2.0 x))))
double code(double x) {
return 1.0 + (-1.0 - (2.0 / x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.0d0 + ((-1.0d0) - (2.0d0 / x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0 + (-1.0 - (2.0 / x));
}
def code(x): return 1.0 + (-1.0 - (2.0 / x))
function code(x) return Float64(1.0 + Float64(-1.0 - Float64(2.0 / x))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.0 + (-1.0 - (2.0 / x)); end
code[x_] := N[(1.0 + N[(-1.0 - N[(2.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
1 + \left(-1 - \frac{2}{x}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 83.1%
Simplified83.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 46.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 81.0%
Final simplification81.0%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ -2.0 x))
double code(double x) {
return -2.0 / x;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (-2.0d0) / x
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return -2.0 / x;
}
def code(x): return -2.0 / x
function code(x) return Float64(-2.0 / x) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = -2.0 / x; end
code[x_] := N[(-2.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-2}{x}
\end{array}
Initial program 83.1%
Simplified83.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 46.9%
Final simplification46.9%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 -1.0)
double code(double x) {
return -1.0;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = -1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return -1.0;
}
def code(x): return -1.0
function code(x) return -1.0 end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = -1.0; end
code[x_] := -1.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-1
\end{array}
Initial program 83.1%
Simplified83.1%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 46.1%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 3.5%
Final simplification3.5%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ 2.0 (* x (- (* x x) 1.0))))
double code(double x) {
return 2.0 / (x * ((x * x) - 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 2.0d0 / (x * ((x * x) - 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 2.0 / (x * ((x * x) - 1.0));
}
def code(x): return 2.0 / (x * ((x * x) - 1.0))
function code(x) return Float64(2.0 / Float64(x * Float64(Float64(x * x) - 1.0))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 2.0 / (x * ((x * x) - 1.0)); end
code[x_] := N[(2.0 / N[(x * N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{2}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot x - 1\right)}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023271
(FPCore (x)
:name "3frac (problem 3.3.3)"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(/ 2.0 (* x (- (* x x) 1.0)))
(+ (- (/ 1.0 (+ x 1.0)) (/ 2.0 x)) (/ 1.0 (- x 1.0))))