| Alternative 1 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 99.6% |
| Cost | 150665 |

(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))
(FPCore (x eps)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (/ (sin eps) (cos eps))))
(if (or (<= eps -5.8e-5) (not (<= eps 6.2e-5)))
(- (- (tan x)) (/ (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (fma (tan x) (tan eps) -1.0)))
(+
(/ t_0 (- 1.0 (* t_0 (/ (sin x) (cos x)))))
(+
(/ eps (/ (pow (cos x) 2.0) (pow (sin x) 2.0)))
(+
(/ (* eps eps) (/ (pow (cos x) 3.0) (pow (sin x) 3.0)))
(*
(pow eps 3.0)
(-
(/ (pow (sin x) 4.0) (pow (cos x) 4.0))
(/
(sin x)
(/ (cos x) (/ (* (sin x) -0.3333333333333333) (cos x))))))))))))double code(double x, double eps) {
return tan((x + eps)) - tan(x);
}
double code(double x, double eps) {
double t_0 = sin(eps) / cos(eps);
double tmp;
if ((eps <= -5.8e-5) || !(eps <= 6.2e-5)) {
tmp = -tan(x) - ((tan(x) + tan(eps)) / fma(tan(x), tan(eps), -1.0));
} else {
tmp = (t_0 / (1.0 - (t_0 * (sin(x) / cos(x))))) + ((eps / (pow(cos(x), 2.0) / pow(sin(x), 2.0))) + (((eps * eps) / (pow(cos(x), 3.0) / pow(sin(x), 3.0))) + (pow(eps, 3.0) * ((pow(sin(x), 4.0) / pow(cos(x), 4.0)) - (sin(x) / (cos(x) / ((sin(x) * -0.3333333333333333) / cos(x))))))));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(x, eps) return Float64(tan(Float64(x + eps)) - tan(x)) end
function code(x, eps) t_0 = Float64(sin(eps) / cos(eps)) tmp = 0.0 if ((eps <= -5.8e-5) || !(eps <= 6.2e-5)) tmp = Float64(Float64(-tan(x)) - Float64(Float64(tan(x) + tan(eps)) / fma(tan(x), tan(eps), -1.0))); else tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 / Float64(1.0 - Float64(t_0 * Float64(sin(x) / cos(x))))) + Float64(Float64(eps / Float64((cos(x) ^ 2.0) / (sin(x) ^ 2.0))) + Float64(Float64(Float64(eps * eps) / Float64((cos(x) ^ 3.0) / (sin(x) ^ 3.0))) + Float64((eps ^ 3.0) * Float64(Float64((sin(x) ^ 4.0) / (cos(x) ^ 4.0)) - Float64(sin(x) / Float64(cos(x) / Float64(Float64(sin(x) * -0.3333333333333333) / cos(x))))))))); end return tmp end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Tan[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
code[x_, eps_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Sin[eps], $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[eps], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Or[LessEqual[eps, -5.8e-5], N[Not[LessEqual[eps, 6.2e-5]], $MachinePrecision]], N[((-N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]) - N[(N[(N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision] + N[Tan[eps], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[eps], $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(t$95$0 / N[(1.0 - N[(t$95$0 * N[(N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(eps / N[(N[Power[N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(eps * eps), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision], 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision], 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Power[eps, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Power[N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision] * -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \leq -5.8 \cdot 10^{-5} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{-5}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\left(-\tan x\right) - \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, \tan \varepsilon, -1\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{t_0}{1 - t_0 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}} + \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{\frac{{\cos x}^{2}}{{\sin x}^{2}}} + \left(\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon}{\frac{{\cos x}^{3}}{{\sin x}^{3}}} + {\varepsilon}^{3} \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin x}^{4}}{{\cos x}^{4}} - \frac{\sin x}{\frac{\cos x}{\frac{\sin x \cdot -0.3333333333333333}{\cos x}}}\right)\right)\right)\\
\end{array}
Herbie found 10 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
| Original | 42.7% |
|---|---|
| Target | 76.6% |
| Herbie | 99.6% |
if eps < -5.8e-5 or 6.20000000000000027e-5 < eps Initial program 50.6%
Applied egg-rr27.6%
[Start]50.6% | \[ \tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x
\] |
|---|---|
add-exp-log [=>]27.6% | \[ \color{blue}{e^{\log \tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} - \tan x
\] |
Applied egg-rr99.4%
[Start]27.6% | \[ e^{\log \tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \tan x
\] |
|---|---|
add-exp-log [<=]50.6% | \[ \color{blue}{\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \tan x
\] |
tan-sum [=>]99.5% | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x
\] |
frac-2neg [=>]99.5% | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{-\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right)}{-\left(1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}} - \tan x
\] |
div-inv [=>]99.4% | \[ \color{blue}{\left(-\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{-\left(1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}} - \tan x
\] |
Simplified99.5%
[Start]99.4% | \[ \left(-\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{-\left(1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)} - \tan x
\] |
|---|---|
associate-*r/ [=>]99.5% | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right)\right) \cdot 1}{-\left(1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}} - \tan x
\] |
*-rgt-identity [=>]99.5% | \[ \frac{\color{blue}{-\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right)}}{-\left(1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)} - \tan x
\] |
distribute-neg-in [=>]99.5% | \[ \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\tan x\right) + \left(-\tan \varepsilon\right)}}{-\left(1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)} - \tan x
\] |
unsub-neg [=>]99.5% | \[ \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\tan x\right) - \tan \varepsilon}}{-\left(1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)} - \tan x
\] |
sub-neg [=>]99.5% | \[ \frac{\left(-\tan x\right) - \tan \varepsilon}{-\color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)\right)}} - \tan x
\] |
distribute-rgt-neg-out [<=]99.5% | \[ \frac{\left(-\tan x\right) - \tan \varepsilon}{-\left(1 + \color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \left(-\tan \varepsilon\right)}\right)} - \tan x
\] |
+-commutative [<=]99.5% | \[ \frac{\left(-\tan x\right) - \tan \varepsilon}{-\color{blue}{\left(\tan x \cdot \left(-\tan \varepsilon\right) + 1\right)}} - \tan x
\] |
distribute-neg-in [=>]99.5% | \[ \frac{\left(-\tan x\right) - \tan \varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\left(-\tan x \cdot \left(-\tan \varepsilon\right)\right) + \left(-1\right)}} - \tan x
\] |
distribute-rgt-neg-out [=>]99.5% | \[ \frac{\left(-\tan x\right) - \tan \varepsilon}{\left(-\color{blue}{\left(-\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}\right) + \left(-1\right)} - \tan x
\] |
remove-double-neg [=>]99.5% | \[ \frac{\left(-\tan x\right) - \tan \varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} + \left(-1\right)} - \tan x
\] |
sub-neg [<=]99.5% | \[ \frac{\left(-\tan x\right) - \tan \varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon - 1}} - \tan x
\] |
fma-neg [=>]99.5% | \[ \frac{\left(-\tan x\right) - \tan \varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, \tan \varepsilon, -1\right)}} - \tan x
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]99.5% | \[ \frac{\left(-\tan x\right) - \tan \varepsilon}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x, \tan \varepsilon, \color{blue}{-1}\right)} - \tan x
\] |
if -5.8e-5 < eps < 6.20000000000000027e-5Initial program 30.5%
Applied egg-rr32.1%
[Start]30.5% | \[ \tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x
\] |
|---|---|
tan-sum [=>]32.1% | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x
\] |
div-inv [=>]32.1% | \[ \color{blue}{\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \frac{1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x
\] |
fma-neg [=>]32.1% | \[ \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}, -\tan x\right)}
\] |
Simplified32.1%
[Start]32.1% | \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}, -\tan x\right)
\] |
|---|---|
fma-neg [<=]32.1% | \[ \color{blue}{\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \frac{1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} - \tan x}
\] |
associate-*r/ [=>]32.1% | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot 1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x
\] |
*-rgt-identity [=>]32.1% | \[ \frac{\color{blue}{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} - \tan x
\] |
Taylor expanded in x around inf 32.1%
Simplified63.1%
[Start]32.1% | \[ \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}\right)} + \frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}\right)}\right) - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}
\] |
|---|---|
associate--l+ [=>]63.0% | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}\right)} + \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}
\] |
associate-/r* [=>]63.0% | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}}} + \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)
\] |
*-commutative [=>]63.0% | \[ \frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \varepsilon \cdot \sin x}}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}} + \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)
\] |
times-frac [=>]63.0% | \[ \frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}} + \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)
\] |
Taylor expanded in eps around 0 99.7%
Simplified99.7%
[Start]99.7% | \[ \frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}} + \left(\frac{\varepsilon \cdot {\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}} + \left(\frac{{\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot {\sin x}^{3}}{{\cos x}^{3}} + -1 \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{3} \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x} - -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}{\cos x} + -1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{4}}{{\cos x}^{4}}\right)\right)\right)\right)
\] |
|---|---|
associate-/l* [=>]99.7% | \[ \frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}} + \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{\frac{{\cos x}^{2}}{{\sin x}^{2}}}} + \left(\frac{{\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot {\sin x}^{3}}{{\cos x}^{3}} + -1 \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{3} \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x} - -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}{\cos x} + -1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{4}}{{\cos x}^{4}}\right)\right)\right)\right)
\] |
mul-1-neg [=>]99.7% | \[ \frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}} + \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{\frac{{\cos x}^{2}}{{\sin x}^{2}}} + \left(\frac{{\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot {\sin x}^{3}}{{\cos x}^{3}} + \color{blue}{\left(-{\varepsilon}^{3} \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x} - -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}{\cos x} + -1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{4}}{{\cos x}^{4}}\right)\right)}\right)\right)
\] |
unsub-neg [=>]99.7% | \[ \frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}} + \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{\frac{{\cos x}^{2}}{{\sin x}^{2}}} + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot {\sin x}^{3}}{{\cos x}^{3}} - {\varepsilon}^{3} \cdot \left(\frac{\sin x \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x} - -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)}{\cos x} + -1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{4}}{{\cos x}^{4}}\right)\right)}\right)
\] |
Final simplification99.6%
| Alternative 1 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 99.6% |
| Cost | 150665 |
| Alternative 2 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 99.5% |
| Cost | 65737 |
| Alternative 3 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 99.4% |
| Cost | 65609 |
| Alternative 4 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 99.4% |
| Cost | 39305 |
| Alternative 5 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 99.4% |
| Cost | 32969 |
| Alternative 6 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 77.6% |
| Cost | 26440 |
| Alternative 7 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 77.7% |
| Cost | 26440 |
| Alternative 8 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 58.2% |
| Cost | 6464 |
| Alternative 9 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 31.2% |
| Cost | 576 |
| Alternative 10 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 30.9% |
| Cost | 64 |
herbie shell --seed 2023271
(FPCore (x eps)
:name "2tan (problem 3.3.2)"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(/ (sin eps) (* (cos x) (cos (+ x eps))))
(- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))