2tan (problem 3.3.2)

?

Percentage Accurate: 41.7% → 99.5%
Time: 26.4s
Precision: binary64
Cost: 91848

?

\[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x \]
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\\ t_1 := -\tan x\\ t_2 := \tan x + \tan \varepsilon\\ \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \leq -2.1 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t_2, \frac{1}{1 + \left(1 + \left(-1 - t_0\right)\right)}, t_1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\varepsilon \leq 3.15 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin x}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}{\sin \varepsilon}}} + \left(\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon}{\frac{{\cos x}^{3}}{{\sin x}^{3}}} + \frac{\varepsilon}{\frac{{\cos x}^{2}}{{\sin x}^{2}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t_2, \frac{1}{1 - t_0}, t_1\right)\\ \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))
(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (tan x) (tan eps)))
        (t_1 (- (tan x)))
        (t_2 (+ (tan x) (tan eps))))
   (if (<= eps -2.1e-6)
     (fma t_2 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (- -1.0 t_0)))) t_1)
     (if (<= eps 3.15e-6)
       (+
        (/
         (/ (sin eps) (cos eps))
         (- 1.0 (/ (sin x) (/ (* (cos eps) (cos x)) (sin eps)))))
        (+
         (/ (* eps eps) (/ (pow (cos x) 3.0) (pow (sin x) 3.0)))
         (/ eps (/ (pow (cos x) 2.0) (pow (sin x) 2.0)))))
       (fma t_2 (/ 1.0 (- 1.0 t_0)) t_1)))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
	return tan((x + eps)) - tan(x);
}
double code(double x, double eps) {
	double t_0 = tan(x) * tan(eps);
	double t_1 = -tan(x);
	double t_2 = tan(x) + tan(eps);
	double tmp;
	if (eps <= -2.1e-6) {
		tmp = fma(t_2, (1.0 / (1.0 + (1.0 + (-1.0 - t_0)))), t_1);
	} else if (eps <= 3.15e-6) {
		tmp = ((sin(eps) / cos(eps)) / (1.0 - (sin(x) / ((cos(eps) * cos(x)) / sin(eps))))) + (((eps * eps) / (pow(cos(x), 3.0) / pow(sin(x), 3.0))) + (eps / (pow(cos(x), 2.0) / pow(sin(x), 2.0))));
	} else {
		tmp = fma(t_2, (1.0 / (1.0 - t_0)), t_1);
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(x, eps)
	return Float64(tan(Float64(x + eps)) - tan(x))
end
function code(x, eps)
	t_0 = Float64(tan(x) * tan(eps))
	t_1 = Float64(-tan(x))
	t_2 = Float64(tan(x) + tan(eps))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (eps <= -2.1e-6)
		tmp = fma(t_2, Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 + Float64(-1.0 - t_0)))), t_1);
	elseif (eps <= 3.15e-6)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(sin(eps) / cos(eps)) / Float64(1.0 - Float64(sin(x) / Float64(Float64(cos(eps) * cos(x)) / sin(eps))))) + Float64(Float64(Float64(eps * eps) / Float64((cos(x) ^ 3.0) / (sin(x) ^ 3.0))) + Float64(eps / Float64((cos(x) ^ 2.0) / (sin(x) ^ 2.0)))));
	else
		tmp = fma(t_2, Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 - t_0)), t_1);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Tan[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
code[x_, eps_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[eps], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = (-N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision])}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision] + N[Tan[eps], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[eps, -2.1e-6], N[(t$95$2 * N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 + N[(-1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[eps, 3.15e-6], N[(N[(N[(N[Sin[eps], $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[eps], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Cos[eps], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sin[eps], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(eps * eps), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision], 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision], 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(eps / N[(N[Power[N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(t$95$2 * N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\\
t_1 := -\tan x\\
t_2 := \tan x + \tan \varepsilon\\
\mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \leq -2.1 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t_2, \frac{1}{1 + \left(1 + \left(-1 - t_0\right)\right)}, t_1\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;\varepsilon \leq 3.15 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin x}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}{\sin \varepsilon}}} + \left(\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon}{\frac{{\cos x}^{3}}{{\sin x}^{3}}} + \frac{\varepsilon}{\frac{{\cos x}^{2}}{{\sin x}^{2}}}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t_2, \frac{1}{1 - t_0}, t_1\right)\\


\end{array}

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Herbie found 14 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup

Accuracy vs Speed

The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Bogosity?

Bogosity

Target

Original41.7%
Target75.9%
Herbie99.5%
\[\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]

Derivation?

  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if eps < -2.0999999999999998e-6

    1. Initial program 53.3%

      \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x \]
    2. Applied egg-rr99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}, -\tan x\right)} \]
      Step-by-step derivation

      [Start]53.3%

      \[ \tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x \]

      tan-sum [=>]99.5%

      \[ \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x \]

      div-inv [=>]99.4%

      \[ \color{blue}{\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \frac{1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x \]

      fma-neg [=>]99.5%

      \[ \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}, -\tan x\right)} \]
    3. Applied egg-rr99.5%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + \tan \varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right) - 1\right)}}, -\tan x\right) \]
      Step-by-step derivation

      [Start]99.5%

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}, -\tan x\right) \]

      expm1-log1p-u [=>]80.8%

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)\right)}}, -\tan x\right) \]

      expm1-udef [=>]80.8%

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)} - 1\right)}}, -\tan x\right) \]

      log1p-udef [=>]80.8%

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \left(e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)}} - 1\right)}, -\tan x\right) \]

      add-exp-log [<=]99.5%

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)} - 1\right)}, -\tan x\right) \]

      add-cube-cbrt [=>]99.2%

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \left(\left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right)} \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) - 1\right)}, -\tan x\right) \]

      unpow3 [<=]99.2%

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \left(\left(1 + \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right)}^{3}} \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right) - 1\right)}, -\tan x\right) \]

      *-commutative [=>]99.2%

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \left(\left(1 + \color{blue}{\tan \varepsilon \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right)}^{3}}\right) - 1\right)}, -\tan x\right) \]

      unpow3 [=>]99.2%

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \left(\left(1 + \tan \varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt[3]{\tan x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\tan x}\right)}\right) - 1\right)}, -\tan x\right) \]

      add-cube-cbrt [<=]99.5%

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \left(\left(1 + \tan \varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\tan x}\right) - 1\right)}, -\tan x\right) \]

    if -2.0999999999999998e-6 < eps < 3.14999999999999991e-6

    1. Initial program 21.3%

      \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x \]
    2. Applied egg-rr22.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}, -\tan x\right)} \]
      Step-by-step derivation

      [Start]21.3%

      \[ \tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x \]

      tan-sum [=>]22.9%

      \[ \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x \]

      div-inv [=>]22.9%

      \[ \color{blue}{\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \frac{1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x \]

      fma-neg [=>]22.9%

      \[ \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}, -\tan x\right)} \]
    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 22.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}\right)} + \frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}\right)}\right) - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}} \]
    4. Simplified56.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin x}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}{\sin \varepsilon}}} + \left(\frac{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}}{1 - \frac{\sin x}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}{\sin \varepsilon}}} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)} \]
      Step-by-step derivation

      [Start]22.9%

      \[ \left(\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}\right)} + \frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}\right)}\right) - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x} \]

      associate--l+ [=>]56.5%

      \[ \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}\right)} + \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right)} \]

      associate-/r* [=>]56.5%

      \[ \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}}} + \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \]

      associate-/l* [=>]56.5%

      \[ \frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin x}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}{\sin \varepsilon}}}} + \left(\frac{\sin x}{\cos x \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\sin x \cdot \sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}\right)} - \frac{\sin x}{\cos x}\right) \]
    5. Taylor expanded in eps around 0 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin x}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}{\sin \varepsilon}}} + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\varepsilon \cdot {\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}} + \frac{{\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot {\sin x}^{3}}{{\cos x}^{3}}\right)} \]
    6. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin x}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}{\sin \varepsilon}}} + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon}{\frac{{\cos x}^{3}}{{\sin x}^{3}}} + \frac{\varepsilon}{\frac{{\cos x}^{2}}{{\sin x}^{2}}}\right)} \]
      Step-by-step derivation

      [Start]99.6%

      \[ \frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin x}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}{\sin \varepsilon}}} + \left(\frac{\varepsilon \cdot {\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}} + \frac{{\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot {\sin x}^{3}}{{\cos x}^{3}}\right) \]

      associate-*r/ [<=]99.6%

      \[ \frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin x}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}{\sin \varepsilon}}} + \left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}} + \frac{{\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot {\sin x}^{3}}{{\cos x}^{3}}\right) \]

      +-commutative [=>]99.6%

      \[ \frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin x}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}{\sin \varepsilon}}} + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot {\sin x}^{3}}{{\cos x}^{3}} + \varepsilon \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]

      associate-/l* [=>]99.6%

      \[ \frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin x}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}{\sin \varepsilon}}} + \left(\color{blue}{\frac{{\varepsilon}^{2}}{\frac{{\cos x}^{3}}{{\sin x}^{3}}}} + \varepsilon \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right) \]

      unpow2 [=>]99.6%

      \[ \frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin x}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}{\sin \varepsilon}}} + \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon}}{\frac{{\cos x}^{3}}{{\sin x}^{3}}} + \varepsilon \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right) \]

      associate-*r/ [=>]99.6%

      \[ \frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin x}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}{\sin \varepsilon}}} + \left(\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon}{\frac{{\cos x}^{3}}{{\sin x}^{3}}} + \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon \cdot {\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}}\right) \]

      associate-/l* [=>]99.6%

      \[ \frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin x}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}{\sin \varepsilon}}} + \left(\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon}{\frac{{\cos x}^{3}}{{\sin x}^{3}}} + \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{\frac{{\cos x}^{2}}{{\sin x}^{2}}}}\right) \]

    if 3.14999999999999991e-6 < eps

    1. Initial program 58.6%

      \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x \]
    2. Applied egg-rr99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}, -\tan x\right)} \]
      Step-by-step derivation

      [Start]58.6%

      \[ \tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x \]

      tan-sum [=>]99.5%

      \[ \color{blue}{\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x \]

      div-inv [=>]99.5%

      \[ \color{blue}{\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon\right) \cdot \frac{1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}} - \tan x \]

      fma-neg [=>]99.6%

      \[ \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}, -\tan x\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification99.6%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \leq -2.1 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 + \left(1 + \left(-1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\right)\right)}, -\tan x\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\varepsilon \leq 3.15 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin x}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}{\sin \varepsilon}}} + \left(\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon}{\frac{{\cos x}^{3}}{{\sin x}^{3}}} + \frac{\varepsilon}{\frac{{\cos x}^{2}}{{\sin x}^{2}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}, -\tan x\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternatives

Alternative 1
Accuracy99.5%
Cost91848
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\\ t_1 := -\tan x\\ t_2 := \tan x + \tan \varepsilon\\ \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \leq -2.1 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t_2, \frac{1}{1 + \left(1 + \left(-1 - t_0\right)\right)}, t_1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\varepsilon \leq 3.15 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin x}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}{\sin \varepsilon}}} + \left(\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon}{\frac{{\cos x}^{3}}{{\sin x}^{3}}} + \frac{\varepsilon}{\frac{{\cos x}^{2}}{{\sin x}^{2}}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t_2, \frac{1}{1 - t_0}, t_1\right)\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 2
Accuracy99.4%
Cost72008
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\\ t_1 := -\tan x\\ t_2 := \tan x + \tan \varepsilon\\ \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \leq -3 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t_2, \frac{1}{1 + \left(1 + \left(-1 - t_0\right)\right)}, t_1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\varepsilon \leq 8.8 \cdot 10^{-8}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon, \frac{\sin x}{\cos x} + \frac{{\sin x}^{3}}{{\cos x}^{3}}, \varepsilon + \frac{\varepsilon \cdot {\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t_2, \frac{1}{1 - t_0}, t_1\right)\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 3
Accuracy99.3%
Cost65608
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\\ t_1 := -\tan x\\ t_2 := \tan x + \tan \varepsilon\\ \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \leq -5.8 \cdot 10^{-9}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t_2, \frac{1}{1 + \left(1 + \left(-1 - t_0\right)\right)}, t_1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\varepsilon \leq 2.7 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon}}{1 - \frac{\sin x}{\frac{\cos \varepsilon \cdot \cos x}{\sin \varepsilon}}} + \frac{\varepsilon \cdot {\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t_2, \frac{1}{1 - t_0}, t_1\right)\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 4
Accuracy99.3%
Cost39556
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\\ t_1 := -\tan x\\ t_2 := \tan x + \tan \varepsilon\\ \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-9}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t_2, \frac{1}{1 + \left(1 + \left(-1 - t_0\right)\right)}, t_1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\varepsilon \leq 2.5 \cdot 10^{-9}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon + \frac{\varepsilon \cdot {\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(t_2, \frac{1}{1 - t_0}, t_1\right)\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 5
Accuracy99.3%
Cost39433
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \leq -3.3 \cdot 10^{-9} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \leq 3.25 \cdot 10^{-9}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, \frac{1}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon}, -\tan x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon + \frac{\varepsilon \cdot {\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 6
Accuracy99.3%
Cost33096
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan x + \tan \varepsilon\\ t_1 := 1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon\\ \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \leq -3.2 \cdot 10^{-9}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t_0}{t_1} - \tan x\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\varepsilon \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{-9}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon + \frac{\varepsilon \cdot {\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0 \cdot \frac{1}{t_1} - \tan x\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 7
Accuracy99.3%
Cost32969
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \leq -3.1 \cdot 10^{-9} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \leq 3.25 \cdot 10^{-9}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} - \tan x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon + \frac{\varepsilon \cdot {\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 8
Accuracy76.9%
Cost26441
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-6} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \leq 33.5\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, 1, -\tan x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon \cdot \left(1 + \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 9
Accuracy76.9%
Cost26441
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \leq -3.2 \cdot 10^{-5} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \leq 33.5\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, 1, -\tan x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon + \varepsilon \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 10
Accuracy76.9%
Cost26441
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \leq -6.2 \cdot 10^{-6} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \leq 33.5\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan x + \tan \varepsilon, 1, -\tan x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon + \frac{\varepsilon \cdot {\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 11
Accuracy57.7%
Cost12992
\[\frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos \varepsilon} \]
Alternative 12
Accuracy50.8%
Cost6985
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \leq -4.2 \cdot 10^{-8} \lor \neg \left(\varepsilon \leq 3.2 \cdot 10^{-8}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\tan \left(\varepsilon + x\right) - x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\varepsilon + x \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot x\right)\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 13
Accuracy27.0%
Cost448
\[\varepsilon + x \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot x\right) \]
Alternative 14
Accuracy3.6%
Cost128
\[-x \]

Reproduce?

herbie shell --seed 2023263 
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "2tan (problem 3.3.2)"
  :precision binary64

  :herbie-target
  (/ (sin eps) (* (cos x) (cos (+ x eps))))

  (- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))