
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t_0\right) + t_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 11 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t_0\right) + t_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+ (/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (- (/ PI s))))) (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0))
(- s)))
float code(float u, float s) {
return logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf(-(((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f)) * -s;
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(-Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0))) * Float32(-s)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp(-(single(pi) / s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))) + single(-1.0))) * -s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{-\frac{\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right) \cdot \left(-s\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.7%
sub-neg98.7%
Simplified98.8%
Final simplification98.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (log (+ -1.0 (/ 1.0 (+ (/ u 2.0) (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ 1.0 (/ s PI))))))))) (- s)))
float code(float u, float s) {
return logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / ((u / 2.0f) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((1.0f / (s / ((float) M_PI)))))))))) * -s;
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(2.0)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(s / Float32(pi)))))))))) * Float32(-s)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = log((single(-1.0) + (single(1.0) / ((u / single(2.0)) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(1.0) / (s / single(pi)))))))))) * -s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\frac{u}{2} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{1}{\frac{s}{\pi}}}}}\right) \cdot \left(-s\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.7%
sub-neg98.7%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 37.8%
clear-num37.8%
inv-pow37.8%
Applied egg-rr37.8%
unpow-137.8%
Simplified37.8%
Final simplification37.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (log (+ -1.0 (/ 1.0 (+ (/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))) (/ u 2.0))))) (- s)))
float code(float u, float s) {
return logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / (((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))) + (u / 2.0f))))) * -s;
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) + Float32(u / Float32(2.0)))))) * Float32(-s)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = log((single(-1.0) + (single(1.0) / (((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))) + (u / single(2.0)))))) * -s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}} + \frac{u}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(-s\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.7%
sub-neg98.7%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 37.8%
Final simplification37.8%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (log1p (expm1 (* (log (+ -1.0 (/ 2.0 u))) (- s)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return log1pf(expm1f((logf((-1.0f + (2.0f / u))) * -s)));
}
function code(u, s) return log1p(expm1(Float32(log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(2.0) / u))) * Float32(-s)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(-1 + \frac{2}{u}\right) \cdot \left(-s\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.7%
sub-neg98.7%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 37.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 37.2%
unpow237.2%
Simplified37.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 37.4%
mul-1-neg37.4%
*-commutative37.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-in37.4%
sub-neg37.4%
associate-*r/37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
Simplified37.4%
log1p-expm1-u37.4%
+-commutative37.4%
Applied egg-rr37.4%
Final simplification37.4%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(/
(+ -1.0 (pow (/ 2.0 u) 3.0))
(+ (* (/ 2.0 u) (/ 2.0 u)) (+ 1.0 (/ 2.0 u)))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf(((-1.0f + powf((2.0f / u), 3.0f)) / (((2.0f / u) * (2.0f / u)) + (1.0f + (2.0f / u)))));
}
real(4) function code(u, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: u
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = -s * log((((-1.0e0) + ((2.0e0 / u) ** 3.0e0)) / (((2.0e0 / u) * (2.0e0 / u)) + (1.0e0 + (2.0e0 / u)))))
end function
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + (Float32(Float32(2.0) / u) ^ Float32(3.0))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) / u) * Float32(Float32(2.0) / u)) + Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(2.0) / u)))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log(((single(-1.0) + ((single(2.0) / u) ^ single(3.0))) / (((single(2.0) / u) * (single(2.0) / u)) + (single(1.0) + (single(2.0) / u))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{-1 + {\left(\frac{2}{u}\right)}^{3}}{\frac{2}{u} \cdot \frac{2}{u} + \left(1 + \frac{2}{u}\right)}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.7%
sub-neg98.7%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 37.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 37.2%
unpow237.2%
Simplified37.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 37.4%
mul-1-neg37.4%
*-commutative37.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-in37.4%
sub-neg37.4%
associate-*r/37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
Simplified37.4%
flip3-+37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
Applied egg-rr37.4%
Final simplification37.4%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log
(/ (+ -1.0 (/ 8.0 (pow u 3.0))) (+ 1.0 (+ (/ 2.0 u) (/ (/ 4.0 u) u))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf(((-1.0f + (8.0f / powf(u, 3.0f))) / (1.0f + ((2.0f / u) + ((4.0f / u) / u)))));
}
real(4) function code(u, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: u
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = s * -log((((-1.0e0) + (8.0e0 / (u ** 3.0e0))) / (1.0e0 + ((2.0e0 / u) + ((4.0e0 / u) / u)))))
end function
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(8.0) / (u ^ Float32(3.0)))) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) / u) + Float32(Float32(Float32(4.0) / u) / u))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log(((single(-1.0) + (single(8.0) / (u ^ single(3.0)))) / (single(1.0) + ((single(2.0) / u) + ((single(4.0) / u) / u))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\frac{-1 + \frac{8}{{u}^{3}}}{1 + \left(\frac{2}{u} + \frac{\frac{4}{u}}{u}\right)}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.7%
sub-neg98.7%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 37.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 37.2%
unpow237.2%
Simplified37.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 37.4%
mul-1-neg37.4%
*-commutative37.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-in37.4%
sub-neg37.4%
associate-*r/37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
Simplified37.4%
flip3-+37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
Applied egg-rr37.4%
+-commutative37.4%
cube-div37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
+-commutative37.4%
cancel-sign-sub-inv37.4%
associate-+l+37.4%
distribute-lft-neg-in37.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-in37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
*-rgt-identity37.4%
associate-*l/37.4%
associate-*r/37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
Simplified37.4%
Final simplification37.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log (/ (+ -1.0 (/ (/ 4.0 u) u)) (+ 1.0 (/ 2.0 u))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf(((-1.0f + ((4.0f / u) / u)) / (1.0f + (2.0f / u))));
}
real(4) function code(u, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: u
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = -s * log((((-1.0e0) + ((4.0e0 / u) / u)) / (1.0e0 + (2.0e0 / u))))
end function
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(Float32(4.0) / u) / u)) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(2.0) / u))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log(((single(-1.0) + ((single(4.0) / u) / u)) / (single(1.0) + (single(2.0) / u)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{-1 + \frac{\frac{4}{u}}{u}}{1 + \frac{2}{u}}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.7%
sub-neg98.7%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 37.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 37.2%
unpow237.2%
Simplified37.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 37.4%
mul-1-neg37.4%
*-commutative37.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-in37.4%
sub-neg37.4%
associate-*r/37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
Simplified37.4%
flip-+37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
Applied egg-rr37.4%
sub-neg37.4%
associate-*l/37.4%
associate-*r/37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
sub-neg37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
Simplified37.4%
Final simplification37.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (log (+ -1.0 (/ 2.0 u))) (- s)))
float code(float u, float s) {
return logf((-1.0f + (2.0f / u))) * -s;
}
real(4) function code(u, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: u
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = log(((-1.0e0) + (2.0e0 / u))) * -s
end function
function code(u, s) return Float32(log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(2.0) / u))) * Float32(-s)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = log((single(-1.0) + (single(2.0) / u))) * -s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(-1 + \frac{2}{u}\right) \cdot \left(-s\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.7%
sub-neg98.7%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 37.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 37.2%
unpow237.2%
Simplified37.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 37.4%
mul-1-neg37.4%
*-commutative37.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-in37.4%
sub-neg37.4%
associate-*r/37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
Simplified37.4%
Final simplification37.4%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- s) (log (/ 2.0 u))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf((2.0f / u));
}
real(4) function code(u, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: u
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = -s * log((2.0e0 / u))
end function
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(2.0) / u))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s * log((single(2.0) / u)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{2}{u}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.7%
sub-neg98.7%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 37.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 37.2%
unpow237.2%
Simplified37.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 37.4%
mul-1-neg37.4%
*-commutative37.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-in37.4%
sub-neg37.4%
associate-*r/37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
metadata-eval37.4%
Simplified37.4%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 37.3%
Final simplification37.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (/ (- PI) s)))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (-((float) M_PI) / s);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (-single(pi) / s); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \frac{-\pi}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.7%
sub-neg98.7%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 37.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.0%
Final simplification11.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.7%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.7%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.7%
sub-neg98.7%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.0%
mul-1-neg11.0%
Simplified11.0%
Final simplification11.0%
herbie shell --seed 2023257
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))