
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = log((1.0d0 + exp(x))) - (x * y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return Math.log((1.0 + Math.exp(x))) - (x * y);
}
def code(x, y): return math.log((1.0 + math.exp(x))) - (x * y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(log(Float64(1.0 + exp(x))) - Float64(x * y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(1 + e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 7 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = log((1.0d0 + exp(x))) - (x * y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return Math.log((1.0 + Math.exp(x))) - (x * y);
}
def code(x, y): return math.log((1.0 + math.exp(x))) - (x * y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(log(Float64(1.0 + exp(x))) - Float64(x * y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(1 + e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (fma x (- y) (log1p (exp x))))
double code(double x, double y) {
return fma(x, -y, log1p(exp(x)));
}
function code(x, y) return fma(x, Float64(-y), log1p(exp(x))) end
code[x_, y_] := N[(x * (-y) + N[Log[1 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(x, -y, \mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{x}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
sub-neg100.0%
+-commutative100.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-in100.0%
fma-def100.0%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Final simplification100.0%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (log1p (exp x)) (* x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return log1p(exp(x)) - (x * y);
}
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return Math.log1p(Math.exp(x)) - (x * y);
}
def code(x, y): return math.log1p(math.exp(x)) - (x * y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(log1p(exp(x)) - Float64(x * y)) end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[Log[1 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Final simplification100.0%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= x -9e-38) (not (<= x 5e-7))) (* x (- y)) (+ (log 2.0) (* x 0.5))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -9e-38) || !(x <= 5e-7)) {
tmp = x * -y;
} else {
tmp = log(2.0) + (x * 0.5);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if ((x <= (-9d-38)) .or. (.not. (x <= 5d-7))) then
tmp = x * -y
else
tmp = log(2.0d0) + (x * 0.5d0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -9e-38) || !(x <= 5e-7)) {
tmp = x * -y;
} else {
tmp = Math.log(2.0) + (x * 0.5);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if (x <= -9e-38) or not (x <= 5e-7): tmp = x * -y else: tmp = math.log(2.0) + (x * 0.5) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if ((x <= -9e-38) || !(x <= 5e-7)) tmp = Float64(x * Float64(-y)); else tmp = Float64(log(2.0) + Float64(x * 0.5)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if ((x <= -9e-38) || ~((x <= 5e-7))) tmp = x * -y; else tmp = log(2.0) + (x * 0.5); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -9e-38], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 5e-7]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(x * (-y)), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Log[2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -9 \cdot 10^{-38} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-7}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(-y\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log 2 + x \cdot 0.5\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -9.00000000000000018e-38 or 4.99999999999999977e-7 < x Initial program 100.0%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.1%
mul-1-neg98.1%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.1%
Simplified98.1%
if -9.00000000000000018e-38 < x < 4.99999999999999977e-7Initial program 100.0%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.9%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 84.8%
Final simplification90.3%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -320.0) (* x (- y)) (+ (* x (- 0.5 y)) (log 2.0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -320.0) {
tmp = x * -y;
} else {
tmp = (x * (0.5 - y)) + log(2.0);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-320.0d0)) then
tmp = x * -y
else
tmp = (x * (0.5d0 - y)) + log(2.0d0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -320.0) {
tmp = x * -y;
} else {
tmp = (x * (0.5 - y)) + Math.log(2.0);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -320.0: tmp = x * -y else: tmp = (x * (0.5 - y)) + math.log(2.0) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -320.0) tmp = Float64(x * Float64(-y)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(x * Float64(0.5 - y)) + log(2.0)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -320.0) tmp = x * -y; else tmp = (x * (0.5 - y)) + log(2.0); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -320.0], N[(x * (-y)), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(x * N[(0.5 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -320:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(-y\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(0.5 - y\right) + \log 2\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -320Initial program 100.0%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 100.0%
mul-1-neg100.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-in100.0%
Simplified100.0%
if -320 < x Initial program 100.0%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.9%
Final simplification99.9%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= x -5.8e-37) (not (<= x 5e-7))) (* x (- y)) (log 2.0)))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -5.8e-37) || !(x <= 5e-7)) {
tmp = x * -y;
} else {
tmp = log(2.0);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if ((x <= (-5.8d-37)) .or. (.not. (x <= 5d-7))) then
tmp = x * -y
else
tmp = log(2.0d0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -5.8e-37) || !(x <= 5e-7)) {
tmp = x * -y;
} else {
tmp = Math.log(2.0);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if (x <= -5.8e-37) or not (x <= 5e-7): tmp = x * -y else: tmp = math.log(2.0) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if ((x <= -5.8e-37) || !(x <= 5e-7)) tmp = Float64(x * Float64(-y)); else tmp = log(2.0); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if ((x <= -5.8e-37) || ~((x <= 5e-7))) tmp = x * -y; else tmp = log(2.0); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -5.8e-37], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 5e-7]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(x * (-y)), $MachinePrecision], N[Log[2.0], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5.8 \cdot 10^{-37} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-7}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(-y\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log 2\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -5.80000000000000009e-37 or 4.99999999999999977e-7 < x Initial program 100.0%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.1%
mul-1-neg98.1%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.1%
Simplified98.1%
if -5.80000000000000009e-37 < x < 4.99999999999999977e-7Initial program 100.0%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 84.2%
Final simplification90.0%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (* x (- y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return x * -y;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = x * -y
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return x * -y;
}
def code(x, y): return x * -y
function code(x, y) return Float64(x * Float64(-y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = x * -y; end
code[x_, y_] := N[(x * (-y)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot \left(-y\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 50.4%
mul-1-neg50.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-in50.4%
Simplified50.4%
Final simplification50.4%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (* x 0.5))
double code(double x, double y) {
return x * 0.5;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = x * 0.5d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return x * 0.5;
}
def code(x, y): return x * 0.5
function code(x, y) return Float64(x * 0.5) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = x * 0.5; end
code[x_, y_] := N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot 0.5
\end{array}
Initial program 100.0%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 81.5%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 32.3%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 3.8%
Final simplification3.8%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 0.0) (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)) (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp (- x)))) (* (- x) (- 1.0 y)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 0.0) {
tmp = log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y);
} else {
tmp = log((1.0 + exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0 - y));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 0.0d0) then
tmp = log((1.0d0 + exp(x))) - (x * y)
else
tmp = log((1.0d0 + exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0d0 - y))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 0.0) {
tmp = Math.log((1.0 + Math.exp(x))) - (x * y);
} else {
tmp = Math.log((1.0 + Math.exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0 - y));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= 0.0: tmp = math.log((1.0 + math.exp(x))) - (x * y) else: tmp = math.log((1.0 + math.exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0 - y)) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 0.0) tmp = Float64(log(Float64(1.0 + exp(x))) - Float64(x * y)); else tmp = Float64(log(Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-x)))) - Float64(Float64(-x) * Float64(1.0 - y))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 0.0) tmp = log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y); else tmp = log((1.0 + exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0 - y)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, 0.0], N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-x)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[((-x) * N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(1 + e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(1 + e^{-x}\right) - \left(-x\right) \cdot \left(1 - y\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023255
(FPCore (x y)
:name "Logistic regression 2"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(if (<= x 0.0) (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)) (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp (- x)))) (* (- x) (- 1.0 y))))
(- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)))