VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (24)

?

Percentage Accurate: 99.7% → 99.8%
Time: 15.9s
Precision: binary64
Cost: 13248

?

\[\left(-x \cdot \frac{1}{\tan B}\right) + \frac{1}{\sin B} \]
↓
\[\frac{1}{\sin B} - \frac{x}{\tan B} \]
(FPCore (B x)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (- (* x (/ 1.0 (tan B)))) (/ 1.0 (sin B))))
↓
(FPCore (B x) :precision binary64 (- (/ 1.0 (sin B)) (/ x (tan B))))
double code(double B, double x) {
	return -(x * (1.0 / tan(B))) + (1.0 / sin(B));
}
↓
double code(double B, double x) {
	return (1.0 / sin(B)) - (x / tan(B));
}

real(8) function code(b, x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = -(x * (1.0d0 / tan(b))) + (1.0d0 / sin(b))
end function
↓
real(8) function code(b, x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (1.0d0 / sin(b)) - (x / tan(b))
end function

public static double code(double B, double x) {
	return -(x * (1.0 / Math.tan(B))) + (1.0 / Math.sin(B));
}
↓
public static double code(double B, double x) {
	return (1.0 / Math.sin(B)) - (x / Math.tan(B));
}

def code(B, x):
	return -(x * (1.0 / math.tan(B))) + (1.0 / math.sin(B))
↓
def code(B, x):
	return (1.0 / math.sin(B)) - (x / math.tan(B))

function code(B, x)
	return Float64(Float64(-Float64(x * Float64(1.0 / tan(B)))) + Float64(1.0 / sin(B)))
end
↓
function code(B, x)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / sin(B)) - Float64(x / tan(B)))
end

function tmp = code(B, x)
	tmp = -(x * (1.0 / tan(B))) + (1.0 / sin(B));
end
↓
function tmp = code(B, x)
	tmp = (1.0 / sin(B)) - (x / tan(B));
end

code[B_, x_] := N[((-N[(x * N[(1.0 / N[Tan[B], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]) + N[(1.0 / N[Sin[B], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
↓
code[B_, x_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sin[B], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(x / N[Tan[B], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

\left(-x \cdot \frac{1}{\tan B}\right) + \frac{1}{\sin B}
↓
\frac{1}{\sin B} - \frac{x}{\tan B}

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Herbie found 14 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup

Accuracy vs Speed

The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Bogosity?

Bogosity

Try it out?

Your Program's Arguments

Results

Enter valid numbers for all inputs

Derivation?

  1. Initial program 99.7%

    \[\left(-x \cdot \frac{1}{\tan B}\right) + \frac{1}{\sin B} \]

  2. Simplified99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sin B} - \frac{x}{\tan B}} \]
    Step-by-step derivation

    [Start]99.7%

    \[ \left(-x \cdot \frac{1}{\tan B}\right) + \frac{1}{\sin B} \]

    +-commutative [=>]99.7%

    \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sin B} + \left(-x \cdot \frac{1}{\tan B}\right)} \]

    unsub-neg [=>]99.7%

    \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sin B} - x \cdot \frac{1}{\tan B}} \]

    associate-*r/ [=>]99.8%

    \[ \frac{1}{\sin B} - \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot 1}{\tan B}} \]

    *-rgt-identity [=>]99.8%

    \[ \frac{1}{\sin B} - \frac{\color{blue}{x}}{\tan B} \]

  3. Final simplification99.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sin B} - \frac{x}{\tan B} \]

Alternatives

Alternative 1
Accuracy99.8%
Cost13248
\[\frac{1}{\sin B} - \frac{x}{\tan B} \]
Alternative 2
Accuracy98.3%
Cost13449
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1800 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 38000000000\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-\cos B}{\frac{\sin B}{x}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sin B} - x \cdot \frac{1}{B}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 3
Accuracy98.4%
Cost13449
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -2000 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 38000000000\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\cos B \cdot \frac{-x}{\sin B}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sin B} - x \cdot \frac{1}{B}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 4
Accuracy86.7%
Cost7369
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1850000000000 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 3.5 \cdot 10^{+69}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{1}{B} + B \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right) - \frac{x}{\tan B}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1 - x}{\sin B}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 5
Accuracy76.9%
Cost6985
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;B \leq -1850 \lor \neg \left(B \leq 0.0034\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1 + x}{\sin B}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;B \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 + x \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) + \frac{1 - x}{B}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 6
Accuracy74.9%
Cost6857
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;B \leq -1850 \lor \neg \left(B \leq 0.0034\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sin B}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;B \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 + x \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) + \frac{1 - x}{B}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 7
Accuracy75.5%
Cost6856
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -2050:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-x}{\sin B}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 0.00105:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sin B}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;B \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 + x \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) + \frac{1 - x}{B}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 8
Accuracy77.0%
Cost6720
\[\frac{1 - x}{\sin B} \]
Alternative 9
Accuracy50.8%
Cost832
\[B \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 + x \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right) + \frac{1 - x}{B} \]
Alternative 10
Accuracy50.7%
Cost704
\[B \cdot 0.16666666666666666 + \left(\frac{1}{B} - \frac{x}{B}\right) \]
Alternative 11
Accuracy48.8%
Cost585
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -4800 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-22}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-x}{B}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1 + x}{B}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 12
Accuracy48.8%
Cost521
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -4800 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-22}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-x}{B}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{B}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 13
Accuracy50.6%
Cost320
\[\frac{1 - x}{B} \]
Alternative 14
Accuracy26.3%
Cost192
\[\frac{1}{B} \]

Reproduce?

herbie shell --seed 2023255 
(FPCore (B x)
  :name "VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (24)"
  :precision binary64
  (+ (- (* x (/ 1.0 (tan B)))) (/ 1.0 (sin B))))