Lanczos kernel

Percentage Accurate: 97.9% → 97.9%
Time: 12.4s
Alternatives: 15
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\left(10^{-5} \leq x \land x \leq 1\right) \land \left(1 \leq tau \land tau \leq 5\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\\ \frac{\sin t_1}{t_1} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x tau)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_1 (* (* x PI) tau)))
   (* (/ (sin t_1) t_1) (/ (sin (* x PI)) (* x PI)))))
float code(float x, float tau) {
	float t_1 = (x * ((float) M_PI)) * tau;
	return (sinf(t_1) / t_1) * (sinf((x * ((float) M_PI))) / (x * ((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(x, tau)
	t_1 = Float32(Float32(x * Float32(pi)) * tau)
	return Float32(Float32(sin(t_1) / t_1) * Float32(sin(Float32(x * Float32(pi))) / Float32(x * Float32(pi))))
end
function tmp = code(x, tau)
	t_1 = (x * single(pi)) * tau;
	tmp = (sin(t_1) / t_1) * (sin((x * single(pi))) / (x * single(pi)));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\\
\frac{\sin t_1}{t_1} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 15 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 97.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\\ \frac{\sin t_1}{t_1} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x tau)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_1 (* (* x PI) tau)))
   (* (/ (sin t_1) t_1) (/ (sin (* x PI)) (* x PI)))))
float code(float x, float tau) {
	float t_1 = (x * ((float) M_PI)) * tau;
	return (sinf(t_1) / t_1) * (sinf((x * ((float) M_PI))) / (x * ((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(x, tau)
	t_1 = Float32(Float32(x * Float32(pi)) * tau)
	return Float32(Float32(sin(t_1) / t_1) * Float32(sin(Float32(x * Float32(pi))) / Float32(x * Float32(pi))))
end
function tmp = code(x, tau)
	t_1 = (x * single(pi)) * tau;
	tmp = (sin(t_1) / t_1) * (sin((x * single(pi))) / (x * single(pi)));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\\
\frac{\sin t_1}{t_1} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 97.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\\ \frac{\sin t_1}{t_1} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x tau)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_1 (* x (* PI tau))))
   (* (/ (sin t_1) t_1) (/ (sin (* x PI)) (* x PI)))))
float code(float x, float tau) {
	float t_1 = x * (((float) M_PI) * tau);
	return (sinf(t_1) / t_1) * (sinf((x * ((float) M_PI))) / (x * ((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(x, tau)
	t_1 = Float32(x * Float32(Float32(pi) * tau))
	return Float32(Float32(sin(t_1) / t_1) * Float32(sin(Float32(x * Float32(pi))) / Float32(x * Float32(pi))))
end
function tmp = code(x, tau)
	t_1 = x * (single(pi) * tau);
	tmp = (sin(t_1) / t_1) * (sin((x * single(pi))) / (x * single(pi)));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\\
\frac{\sin t_1}{t_1} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.8%

    \[\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l*97.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
    2. associate-*l*97.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)}} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
  3. Simplified97.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi}} \]
  4. Final simplification97.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]

Alternative 2: 97.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(x \cdot \pi\right)}^{-2}}{tau}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x tau)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sin (* x PI)) (* (sin (* PI (* x tau))) (/ (pow (* x PI) -2.0) tau))))
float code(float x, float tau) {
	return sinf((x * ((float) M_PI))) * (sinf((((float) M_PI) * (x * tau))) * (powf((x * ((float) M_PI)), -2.0f) / tau));
}
function code(x, tau)
	return Float32(sin(Float32(x * Float32(pi))) * Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(x * tau))) * Float32((Float32(x * Float32(pi)) ^ Float32(-2.0)) / tau)))
end
function tmp = code(x, tau)
	tmp = sin((x * single(pi))) * (sin((single(pi) * (x * tau))) * (((x * single(pi)) ^ single(-2.0)) / tau));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(x \cdot \pi\right)}^{-2}}{tau}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.8%

    \[\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative97.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    2. times-frac97.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    3. associate-*r/97.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    4. associate-*r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    5. associate-/r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}}{tau}} \]
    6. associate-/l/97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    7. associate-*l*96.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    8. swap-sqr97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    9. associate-*r*97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Simplified97.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in x around inf 96.6%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*96.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(tau \cdot x\right) \cdot \pi\right)}}{tau \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)} \]
    2. *-commutative96.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \pi\right)}{tau \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)} \]
    3. *-commutative96.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{tau \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)} \]
    4. *-commutative96.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(tau \cdot x\right)}\right)}{tau \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)} \]
    5. unpow296.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(tau \cdot x\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)} \]
    6. unpow296.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(tau \cdot x\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right)}\right)} \]
    7. swap-sqr96.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(tau \cdot x\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot x\right)\right)}} \]
    8. unpow296.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(tau \cdot x\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}^{2}}} \]
  6. Simplified96.9%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(tau \cdot x\right)\right)}{tau \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}^{2}}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/r*97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(tau \cdot x\right)\right)}{tau}}{{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. unpow-prod-down96.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(tau \cdot x\right)\right)}{tau}}{\color{blue}{{\pi}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}} \]
    3. pow296.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(tau \cdot x\right)\right)}{tau}}{{\pi}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right)}} \]
    4. associate-/r*96.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(tau \cdot x\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)}} \]
    5. div-inv96.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(tau \cdot x\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{tau \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)}\right)} \]
    6. *-commutative96.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot tau\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{tau \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)}\right) \]
    7. *-commutative96.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left({\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right) \cdot tau}}\right) \]
    8. pow296.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\left({\pi}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{x}^{2}}\right) \cdot tau}\right) \]
    9. unpow-prod-down96.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}^{2}} \cdot tau}\right) \]
    10. associate-/r*96.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}^{2}}}{tau}}\right) \]
  8. Applied egg-rr97.1%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}^{-2}}{tau}\right)} \]
  9. Final simplification97.1%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(x \cdot \pi\right)}^{-2}}{tau}\right) \]

Alternative 3: 97.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{\frac{{\left(x \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau}}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x tau)
 :precision binary32
 (/ (sin (* x PI)) (/ (pow (* x PI) 2.0) (/ (sin (* PI (* x tau))) tau))))
float code(float x, float tau) {
	return sinf((x * ((float) M_PI))) / (powf((x * ((float) M_PI)), 2.0f) / (sinf((((float) M_PI) * (x * tau))) / tau));
}
function code(x, tau)
	return Float32(sin(Float32(x * Float32(pi))) / Float32((Float32(x * Float32(pi)) ^ Float32(2.0)) / Float32(sin(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(x * tau))) / tau)))
end
function tmp = code(x, tau)
	tmp = sin((x * single(pi))) / (((x * single(pi)) ^ single(2.0)) / (sin((single(pi) * (x * tau))) / tau));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{\frac{{\left(x \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau}}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.8%

    \[\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative97.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    2. times-frac97.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    3. associate-*r/97.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    4. associate-*r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    5. associate-/r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}}{tau}} \]
    6. associate-/l/97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    7. associate-*l*96.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    8. swap-sqr97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    9. associate-*r*97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Simplified97.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. clear-num96.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}}} \]
    2. un-div-inv97.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{\frac{tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}}} \]
    3. *-commutative97.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}}{\frac{tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}} \]
    4. *-commutative97.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right) \cdot tau}}{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}} \]
    5. associate-/l*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau}}}} \]
    6. associate-*r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)}}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau}}} \]
    7. swap-sqr97.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau}}} \]
    8. pow297.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(x \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}}}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau}}} \]
    9. *-commutative97.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{\frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}}^{2}}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau}}} \]
  5. Applied egg-rr97.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{\frac{{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau}}}} \]
  6. Final simplification97.2%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{\frac{{\left(x \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau}}} \]

Alternative 4: 97.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{tau}}{\frac{{\left(x \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}}{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x tau)
 :precision binary32
 (/ (/ (sin (* x PI)) tau) (/ (pow (* x PI) 2.0) (sin (* x (* PI tau))))))
float code(float x, float tau) {
	return (sinf((x * ((float) M_PI))) / tau) / (powf((x * ((float) M_PI)), 2.0f) / sinf((x * (((float) M_PI) * tau))));
}
function code(x, tau)
	return Float32(Float32(sin(Float32(x * Float32(pi))) / tau) / Float32((Float32(x * Float32(pi)) ^ Float32(2.0)) / sin(Float32(x * Float32(Float32(pi) * tau)))))
end
function tmp = code(x, tau)
	tmp = (sin((x * single(pi))) / tau) / (((x * single(pi)) ^ single(2.0)) / sin((x * (single(pi) * tau))));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{tau}}{\frac{{\left(x \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}}{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.8%

    \[\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative97.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    2. times-frac97.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    3. associate-*r/97.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    4. associate-*r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    5. associate-/r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}}{tau}} \]
    6. associate-/l/97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    7. associate-*l*96.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    8. swap-sqr97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    9. associate-*r*97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Simplified97.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/97.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    2. associate-*l/97.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)} \]
    3. associate-/r*97.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{tau}}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right) \]
    4. associate-*l/97.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{tau} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    5. *-commutative97.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}}{tau} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    6. associate-*r*96.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{tau} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    7. *-commutative96.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{tau} \cdot \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)} \cdot tau\right)}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    8. associate-*l*97.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{tau} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    9. associate-*r*96.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{tau} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    10. swap-sqr97.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{tau} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}} \]
    11. pow297.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{tau} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{{\left(x \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}}} \]
    12. *-commutative97.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{tau} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right)}{{\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}}^{2}} \]
  5. Applied egg-rr97.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{tau} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right)}{{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}^{2}}} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in x around inf 96.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{tau \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*96.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{\frac{tau \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)}{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}}} \]
    2. *-commutative96.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{\frac{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left({x}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)}}{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}} \]
    3. *-commutative96.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}\right)}{\frac{tau \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)}{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}} \]
    4. *-commutative96.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot x\right) \cdot tau\right)}}{\frac{tau \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)}{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}} \]
    5. associate-*r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{\frac{tau \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)}{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}} \]
    6. associate-/l*97.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{tau \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)}} \]
    7. *-commutative97.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right) \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{tau \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)} \]
    8. times-frac96.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right)}{{x}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}}} \]
    9. associate-*r/96.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{tau} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right)}{{x}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}}} \]
    10. associate-/l*97.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{tau}}{\frac{{x}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}}{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right)}}} \]
  8. Simplified97.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{tau}}{\frac{{\left(x \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}}{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}}} \]
  9. Final simplification97.2%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{tau}}{\frac{{\left(x \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}}{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}} \]

Alternative 5: 85.6% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\\ \frac{\sin t_1}{t_1} \cdot \left(1 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x tau)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_1 (* tau (* x PI))))
   (*
    (/ (sin t_1) t_1)
    (+ 1.0 (* -0.16666666666666666 (* (pow PI 2.0) (* x x)))))))
float code(float x, float tau) {
	float t_1 = tau * (x * ((float) M_PI));
	return (sinf(t_1) / t_1) * (1.0f + (-0.16666666666666666f * (powf(((float) M_PI), 2.0f) * (x * x))));
}
function code(x, tau)
	t_1 = Float32(tau * Float32(x * Float32(pi)))
	return Float32(Float32(sin(t_1) / t_1) * Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(-0.16666666666666666) * Float32((Float32(pi) ^ Float32(2.0)) * Float32(x * x)))))
end
function tmp = code(x, tau)
	t_1 = tau * (x * single(pi));
	tmp = (sin(t_1) / t_1) * (single(1.0) + (single(-0.16666666666666666) * ((single(pi) ^ single(2.0)) * (x * x))));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\\
\frac{\sin t_1}{t_1} \cdot \left(1 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.8%

    \[\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
  2. Taylor expanded in x around 0 83.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right)} \]
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative83.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \left(1 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\pi}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)}\right) \]
    2. unpow283.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \left(1 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right)}\right)\right) \]
  4. Simplified83.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)} \]
  5. Final simplification83.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot \left(1 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \]

Alternative 6: 85.6% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\\ \frac{\sin t_1}{t_1} \cdot \left(1 + {\left(x \cdot \pi\right)}^{2} \cdot -0.16666666666666666\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x tau)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_1 (* x (* PI tau))))
   (* (/ (sin t_1) t_1) (+ 1.0 (* (pow (* x PI) 2.0) -0.16666666666666666)))))
float code(float x, float tau) {
	float t_1 = x * (((float) M_PI) * tau);
	return (sinf(t_1) / t_1) * (1.0f + (powf((x * ((float) M_PI)), 2.0f) * -0.16666666666666666f));
}
function code(x, tau)
	t_1 = Float32(x * Float32(Float32(pi) * tau))
	return Float32(Float32(sin(t_1) / t_1) * Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32((Float32(x * Float32(pi)) ^ Float32(2.0)) * Float32(-0.16666666666666666))))
end
function tmp = code(x, tau)
	t_1 = x * (single(pi) * tau);
	tmp = (sin(t_1) / t_1) * (single(1.0) + (((x * single(pi)) ^ single(2.0)) * single(-0.16666666666666666)));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\\
\frac{\sin t_1}{t_1} \cdot \left(1 + {\left(x \cdot \pi\right)}^{2} \cdot -0.16666666666666666\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.8%

    \[\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l*97.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
    2. associate-*l*97.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)}} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
  3. Simplified97.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. clear-num97.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{x \cdot \pi}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}}} \]
    2. associate-/r/97.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{x \cdot \pi} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    3. *-commutative97.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot x}} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]
    4. *-commutative97.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}\right) \]
  5. Applied egg-rr97.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)\right)} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in x around 0 83.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right)} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. unpow283.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \left(1 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right)} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right) \]
    2. *-commutative83.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \left(1 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)}\right) \]
    3. unpow283.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \left(1 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \]
    4. swap-sqr83.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \left(1 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot x\right)\right)}\right) \]
    5. unpow283.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \left(1 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}^{2}}\right) \]
    6. *-commutative83.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \left(1 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right)}}^{2}\right) \]
  8. Simplified83.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot {\left(x \cdot \pi\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
  9. Final simplification83.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \left(1 + {\left(x \cdot \pi\right)}^{2} \cdot -0.16666666666666666\right) \]

Alternative 7: 79.5% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{x \cdot \pi} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x tau)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  (sin (* x PI))
  (+ (/ 1.0 (* x PI)) (* -0.16666666666666666 (* PI (* x (* tau tau)))))))
float code(float x, float tau) {
	return sinf((x * ((float) M_PI))) * ((1.0f / (x * ((float) M_PI))) + (-0.16666666666666666f * (((float) M_PI) * (x * (tau * tau)))));
}
function code(x, tau)
	return Float32(sin(Float32(x * Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(x * Float32(pi))) + Float32(Float32(-0.16666666666666666) * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(x * Float32(tau * tau))))))
end
function tmp = code(x, tau)
	tmp = sin((x * single(pi))) * ((single(1.0) / (x * single(pi))) + (single(-0.16666666666666666) * (single(pi) * (x * (tau * tau)))));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{x \cdot \pi} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.8%

    \[\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative97.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    2. times-frac97.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    3. associate-*r/97.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    4. associate-*r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    5. associate-/r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}}{tau}} \]
    6. associate-/l/97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    7. associate-*l*96.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    8. swap-sqr97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    9. associate-*r*97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Simplified97.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in tau around 0 76.3%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({tau}^{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 76.3%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + \color{blue}{-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({tau}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot x\right)\right)}\right) \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative76.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot x\right) \cdot {tau}^{2}\right)}\right) \]
    2. associate-*l*76.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot {tau}^{2}\right)\right)}\right) \]
    3. unpow276.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(tau \cdot tau\right)}\right)\right)\right) \]
  7. Simplified76.3%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + \color{blue}{-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
  8. Final simplification76.3%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{x \cdot \pi} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)\right)\right) \]

Alternative 8: 79.5% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{x \cdot \pi} + \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x tau)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  (sin (* x PI))
  (+ (/ 1.0 (* x PI)) (* (* x PI) (* -0.16666666666666666 (* tau tau))))))
float code(float x, float tau) {
	return sinf((x * ((float) M_PI))) * ((1.0f / (x * ((float) M_PI))) + ((x * ((float) M_PI)) * (-0.16666666666666666f * (tau * tau))));
}
function code(x, tau)
	return Float32(sin(Float32(x * Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(x * Float32(pi))) + Float32(Float32(x * Float32(pi)) * Float32(Float32(-0.16666666666666666) * Float32(tau * tau)))))
end
function tmp = code(x, tau)
	tmp = sin((x * single(pi))) * ((single(1.0) / (x * single(pi))) + ((x * single(pi)) * (single(-0.16666666666666666) * (tau * tau))));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{x \cdot \pi} + \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.8%

    \[\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative97.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    2. times-frac97.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    3. associate-*r/97.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    4. associate-*r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    5. associate-/r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}}{tau}} \]
    6. associate-/l/97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    7. associate-*l*96.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    8. swap-sqr97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    9. associate-*r*97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Simplified97.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in tau around 0 76.3%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({tau}^{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 76.3%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + \color{blue}{-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({tau}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot x\right)\right)}\right) \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*76.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + \color{blue}{\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot {tau}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}\right) \]
    2. unpow276.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(tau \cdot tau\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot x\right)\right) \]
    3. *-commutative76.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)}\right) \]
    4. *-commutative76.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)\right) \]
  7. Simplified76.3%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)}\right) \]
  8. Final simplification76.3%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{x \cdot \pi} + \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)\right) \]

Alternative 9: 79.0% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} + {\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x tau)
 :precision binary32
 (+
  1.0
  (*
   (* x x)
   (* -0.16666666666666666 (+ (pow PI 2.0) (* (pow PI 2.0) (* tau tau)))))))
float code(float x, float tau) {
	return 1.0f + ((x * x) * (-0.16666666666666666f * (powf(((float) M_PI), 2.0f) + (powf(((float) M_PI), 2.0f) * (tau * tau)))));
}
function code(x, tau)
	return Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(x * x) * Float32(Float32(-0.16666666666666666) * Float32((Float32(pi) ^ Float32(2.0)) + Float32((Float32(pi) ^ Float32(2.0)) * Float32(tau * tau))))))
end
function tmp = code(x, tau)
	tmp = single(1.0) + ((x * x) * (single(-0.16666666666666666) * ((single(pi) ^ single(2.0)) + ((single(pi) ^ single(2.0)) * (tau * tau)))));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
1 + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} + {\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.8%

    \[\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative97.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    2. times-frac97.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    3. associate-*r/97.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    4. associate-*r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    5. associate-/r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}}{tau}} \]
    6. associate-/l/97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    7. associate-*l*96.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    8. swap-sqr97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    9. associate-*r*97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Simplified97.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 75.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot {\pi}^{2} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({tau}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot {x}^{2}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. distribute-lft-out75.6%

      \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} + {tau}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right)} \cdot {x}^{2} \]
    2. *-commutative75.6%

      \[\leadsto 1 + \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} + \color{blue}{{\pi}^{2} \cdot {tau}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot {x}^{2} \]
    3. unpow275.6%

      \[\leadsto 1 + \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} + {\pi}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(tau \cdot tau\right)}\right)\right) \cdot {x}^{2} \]
    4. unpow275.6%

      \[\leadsto 1 + \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} + {\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right)} \]
  6. Simplified75.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} + {\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)} \]
  7. Final simplification75.6%

    \[\leadsto 1 + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} + {\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)\right) \]

Alternative 10: 79.0% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + tau \cdot tau\right)\right), x \cdot x, 1\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x tau)
 :precision binary32
 (fma
  (* -0.16666666666666666 (* (pow PI 2.0) (+ 1.0 (* tau tau))))
  (* x x)
  1.0))
float code(float x, float tau) {
	return fmaf((-0.16666666666666666f * (powf(((float) M_PI), 2.0f) * (1.0f + (tau * tau)))), (x * x), 1.0f);
}
function code(x, tau)
	return fma(Float32(Float32(-0.16666666666666666) * Float32((Float32(pi) ^ Float32(2.0)) * Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(tau * tau)))), Float32(x * x), Float32(1.0))
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + tau \cdot tau\right)\right), x \cdot x, 1\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.8%

    \[\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative97.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    2. times-frac97.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    3. associate-*r/97.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    4. associate-*r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    5. associate-/r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}}{tau}} \]
    6. associate-/l/97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    7. associate-*l*96.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    8. swap-sqr97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    9. associate-*r*97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Simplified97.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 75.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot {\pi}^{2} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({tau}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot {x}^{2}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutative75.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot {\pi}^{2} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({tau}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot {x}^{2} + 1} \]
    2. fma-def75.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot {\pi}^{2} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({tau}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right), {x}^{2}, 1\right)} \]
    3. distribute-lft-out75.6%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} + {tau}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)}, {x}^{2}, 1\right) \]
    4. distribute-rgt1-in75.6%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left({tau}^{2} + 1\right) \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)}, {x}^{2}, 1\right) \]
    5. unpow275.6%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\left(\color{blue}{tau \cdot tau} + 1\right) \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right), {x}^{2}, 1\right) \]
    6. unpow275.6%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\left(tau \cdot tau + 1\right) \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right), \color{blue}{x \cdot x}, 1\right) \]
  6. Simplified75.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\left(tau \cdot tau + 1\right) \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right), x \cdot x, 1\right)} \]
  7. Final simplification75.6%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(1 + tau \cdot tau\right)\right), x \cdot x, 1\right) \]

Alternative 11: 79.0% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, {\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right), 1\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x tau)
 :precision binary32
 (fma
  (* x x)
  (*
   (pow PI 2.0)
   (+ -0.16666666666666666 (* -0.16666666666666666 (* tau tau))))
  1.0))
float code(float x, float tau) {
	return fmaf((x * x), (powf(((float) M_PI), 2.0f) * (-0.16666666666666666f + (-0.16666666666666666f * (tau * tau)))), 1.0f);
}
function code(x, tau)
	return fma(Float32(x * x), Float32((Float32(pi) ^ Float32(2.0)) * Float32(Float32(-0.16666666666666666) + Float32(Float32(-0.16666666666666666) * Float32(tau * tau)))), Float32(1.0))
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, {\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right), 1\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.8%

    \[\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative97.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    2. times-frac97.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    3. associate-*r/97.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    4. associate-*r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    5. associate-/r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}}{tau}} \]
    6. associate-/l/97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    7. associate-*l*96.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    8. swap-sqr97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    9. associate-*r*97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Simplified97.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in tau around 0 76.3%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({tau}^{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 76.3%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + \color{blue}{-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({tau}^{2} \cdot \left(\pi \cdot x\right)\right)}\right) \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*76.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + \color{blue}{\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot {tau}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}\right) \]
    2. unpow276.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(tau \cdot tau\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot x\right)\right) \]
    3. *-commutative76.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)}\right) \]
    4. *-commutative76.3%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)\right) \]
  7. Simplified76.3%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} + \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)}\right) \]
  8. Taylor expanded in x around 0 75.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot {\pi}^{2} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({tau}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot {x}^{2}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutative75.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot {\pi}^{2} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({tau}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot {x}^{2} + 1} \]
    2. *-commutative75.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{2} \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot {\pi}^{2} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({tau}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right)\right)} + 1 \]
    3. fma-def75.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({x}^{2}, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot {\pi}^{2} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({tau}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right), 1\right)} \]
    4. unpow275.6%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x \cdot x}, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot {\pi}^{2} + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left({tau}^{2} \cdot {\pi}^{2}\right), 1\right) \]
    5. associate-*r*75.6%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot {\pi}^{2} + \color{blue}{\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot {tau}^{2}\right) \cdot {\pi}^{2}}, 1\right) \]
    6. unpow275.6%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot {\pi}^{2} + \left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(tau \cdot tau\right)}\right) \cdot {\pi}^{2}, 1\right) \]
    7. distribute-rgt-out75.6%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \color{blue}{{\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right)}, 1\right) \]
  10. Simplified75.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, {\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right), 1\right)} \]
  11. Final simplification75.6%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, {\pi}^{2} \cdot \left(-0.16666666666666666 + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(tau \cdot tau\right)\right), 1\right) \]

Alternative 12: 71.4% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\\ \frac{\sin t_1}{t_1} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x tau)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_1 (* x (* PI tau)))) (/ (sin t_1) t_1)))
float code(float x, float tau) {
	float t_1 = x * (((float) M_PI) * tau);
	return sinf(t_1) / t_1;
}
function code(x, tau)
	t_1 = Float32(x * Float32(Float32(pi) * tau))
	return Float32(sin(t_1) / t_1)
end
function tmp = code(x, tau)
	t_1 = x * (single(pi) * tau);
	tmp = sin(t_1) / t_1;
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\\
\frac{\sin t_1}{t_1}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.8%

    \[\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*l*97.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
    2. associate-*l*97.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)}} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
  3. Simplified97.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. clear-num97.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{x \cdot \pi}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}}} \]
    2. associate-/r/97.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{x \cdot \pi} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    3. *-commutative97.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot x}} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]
    4. *-commutative97.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}\right) \]
  5. Applied egg-rr97.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} \cdot \sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)\right)} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in x around 0 69.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{1} \]
  7. Final simplification69.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)} \]

Alternative 13: 64.9% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\frac{x \cdot \pi}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x tau) :precision binary32 (/ 1.0 (/ (* x PI) (sin (* x PI)))))
float code(float x, float tau) {
	return 1.0f / ((x * ((float) M_PI)) / sinf((x * ((float) M_PI))));
}
function code(x, tau)
	return Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(x * Float32(pi)) / sin(Float32(x * Float32(pi)))))
end
function tmp = code(x, tau)
	tmp = single(1.0) / ((x * single(pi)) / sin((x * single(pi))));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{\frac{x \cdot \pi}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.8%

    \[\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative97.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    2. times-frac97.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    3. associate-*r/97.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    4. associate-*r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    5. associate-/r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}}{tau}} \]
    6. associate-/l/97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    7. associate-*l*96.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    8. swap-sqr97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    9. associate-*r*97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Simplified97.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in x around inf 96.6%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*96.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(tau \cdot x\right) \cdot \pi\right)}}{tau \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)} \]
    2. *-commutative96.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot tau\right)} \cdot \pi\right)}{tau \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)} \]
    3. *-commutative96.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \left(x \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{tau \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)} \]
    4. *-commutative96.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(tau \cdot x\right)}\right)}{tau \cdot \left({\pi}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)} \]
    5. unpow296.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(tau \cdot x\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)} \]
    6. unpow296.8%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(tau \cdot x\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right)}\right)} \]
    7. swap-sqr96.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(tau \cdot x\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\pi \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot x\right)\right)}} \]
    8. unpow296.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(tau \cdot x\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}^{2}}} \]
  6. Simplified96.9%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot \left(tau \cdot x\right)\right)}{tau \cdot {\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}^{2}}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in tau around 0 62.7%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l/62.6%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{x}}{\pi}} \]
  9. Simplified62.6%

    \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{x}}{\pi}} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l/62.7%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x}} \]
    2. *-commutative62.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)} \]
    3. *-commutative62.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\pi \cdot x} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)} \]
    4. associate-/r/62.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi \cdot x}{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}}} \]
  11. Applied egg-rr62.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\pi \cdot x}{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}}} \]
  12. Final simplification62.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{x \cdot \pi}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}} \]

Alternative 14: 64.8% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x tau) :precision binary32 (/ (sin (* x PI)) (* x PI)))
float code(float x, float tau) {
	return sinf((x * ((float) M_PI))) / (x * ((float) M_PI));
}
function code(x, tau)
	return Float32(sin(Float32(x * Float32(pi))) / Float32(x * Float32(pi)))
end
function tmp = code(x, tau)
	tmp = sin((x * single(pi))) / (x * single(pi));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.8%

    \[\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative97.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    2. times-frac97.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    3. associate-*r/97.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    4. associate-*r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    5. associate-/r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}}{tau}} \]
    6. associate-/l/97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    7. associate-*l*96.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    8. swap-sqr97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    9. associate-*r*97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Simplified97.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in tau around 0 62.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{\pi \cdot x}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative62.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot x\right)}}{\pi \cdot x} \]
  6. Simplified62.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\pi \cdot x\right)}{\pi \cdot x}} \]
  7. Final simplification62.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]

Alternative 15: 64.1% accurate, 615.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x tau) :precision binary32 1.0)
float code(float x, float tau) {
	return 1.0f;
}
real(4) function code(x, tau)
    real(4), intent (in) :: x
    real(4), intent (in) :: tau
    code = 1.0e0
end function
function code(x, tau)
	return Float32(1.0)
end
function tmp = code(x, tau)
	tmp = single(1.0);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
1
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 97.8%

    \[\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative97.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}{x \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    2. times-frac97.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    3. associate-*r/97.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}} \]
    4. associate-*r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot tau}} \]
    5. associate-/r*97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)}}{tau}} \]
    6. associate-/l/97.1%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot tau\right)}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    7. associate-*l*96.9%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}}{tau \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
    8. swap-sqr97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)}} \]
    9. associate-*r*97.0%

      \[\leadsto \sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  3. Simplified97.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{\sin \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot tau\right)\right)}{tau \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 62.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
  5. Final simplification62.0%

    \[\leadsto 1 \]

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2023242 
(FPCore (x tau)
  :name "Lanczos kernel"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (<= 1e-5 x) (<= x 1.0)) (and (<= 1.0 tau) (<= tau 5.0)))
  (* (/ (sin (* (* x PI) tau)) (* (* x PI) tau)) (/ (sin (* x PI)) (* x PI))))