
(FPCore (x y z a) :precision binary64 (+ x (- (tan (+ y z)) (tan a))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double a) {
return x + (tan((y + z)) - tan(a));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, a)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: a
code = x + (tan((y + z)) - tan(a))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double a) {
return x + (Math.tan((y + z)) - Math.tan(a));
}
def code(x, y, z, a): return x + (math.tan((y + z)) - math.tan(a))
function code(x, y, z, a) return Float64(x + Float64(tan(Float64(y + z)) - tan(a))) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, a) tmp = x + (tan((y + z)) - tan(a)); end
code[x_, y_, z_, a_] := N[(x + N[(N[Tan[N[(y + z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Tan[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x + \left(\tan \left(y + z\right) - \tan a\right)
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x y z a) :precision binary64 (+ x (- (tan (+ y z)) (tan a))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double a) {
return x + (tan((y + z)) - tan(a));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, a)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: a
code = x + (tan((y + z)) - tan(a))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double a) {
return x + (Math.tan((y + z)) - Math.tan(a));
}
def code(x, y, z, a): return x + (math.tan((y + z)) - math.tan(a))
function code(x, y, z, a) return Float64(x + Float64(tan(Float64(y + z)) - tan(a))) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, a) tmp = x + (tan((y + z)) - tan(a)); end
code[x_, y_, z_, a_] := N[(x + N[(N[Tan[N[(y + z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Tan[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x + \left(\tan \left(y + z\right) - \tan a\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y z a) :precision binary64 (+ x (- (/ (+ (tan y) (tan z)) (- 1.0 (+ 1.0 (fma (tan y) (tan z) -1.0)))) (tan a))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double a) {
return x + (((tan(y) + tan(z)) / (1.0 - (1.0 + fma(tan(y), tan(z), -1.0)))) - tan(a));
}
function code(x, y, z, a) return Float64(x + Float64(Float64(Float64(tan(y) + tan(z)) / Float64(1.0 - Float64(1.0 + fma(tan(y), tan(z), -1.0)))) - tan(a))) end
code[x_, y_, z_, a_] := N[(x + N[(N[(N[(N[Tan[y], $MachinePrecision] + N[Tan[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(1.0 + N[(N[Tan[y], $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[z], $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[Tan[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x + \left(\frac{\tan y + \tan z}{1 - \left(1 + \mathsf{fma}\left(\tan y, \tan z, -1\right)\right)} - \tan a\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 79.4%
tan-sum99.7%
div-inv99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
*-rgt-identity99.7%
Simplified99.7%
expm1-log1p-u91.9%
expm1-udef91.9%
log1p-udef91.9%
add-exp-log99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
associate--l+99.7%
fma-neg99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (x y z a)
:precision binary64
(if (<= (tan a) -0.04)
(- (+ x (/ 1.0 (* (cos (+ y z)) (/ 1.0 (sin (+ y z)))))) (tan a))
(if (<= (tan a) 5e-6)
(+ (/ (+ (tan y) (tan z)) (- 1.0 (* (tan y) (tan z)))) (- x a))
(+ x (- (tan (+ y z)) (tan a))))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double a) {
double tmp;
if (tan(a) <= -0.04) {
tmp = (x + (1.0 / (cos((y + z)) * (1.0 / sin((y + z)))))) - tan(a);
} else if (tan(a) <= 5e-6) {
tmp = ((tan(y) + tan(z)) / (1.0 - (tan(y) * tan(z)))) + (x - a);
} else {
tmp = x + (tan((y + z)) - tan(a));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, a)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8) :: tmp
if (tan(a) <= (-0.04d0)) then
tmp = (x + (1.0d0 / (cos((y + z)) * (1.0d0 / sin((y + z)))))) - tan(a)
else if (tan(a) <= 5d-6) then
tmp = ((tan(y) + tan(z)) / (1.0d0 - (tan(y) * tan(z)))) + (x - a)
else
tmp = x + (tan((y + z)) - tan(a))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double a) {
double tmp;
if (Math.tan(a) <= -0.04) {
tmp = (x + (1.0 / (Math.cos((y + z)) * (1.0 / Math.sin((y + z)))))) - Math.tan(a);
} else if (Math.tan(a) <= 5e-6) {
tmp = ((Math.tan(y) + Math.tan(z)) / (1.0 - (Math.tan(y) * Math.tan(z)))) + (x - a);
} else {
tmp = x + (Math.tan((y + z)) - Math.tan(a));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, a): tmp = 0 if math.tan(a) <= -0.04: tmp = (x + (1.0 / (math.cos((y + z)) * (1.0 / math.sin((y + z)))))) - math.tan(a) elif math.tan(a) <= 5e-6: tmp = ((math.tan(y) + math.tan(z)) / (1.0 - (math.tan(y) * math.tan(z)))) + (x - a) else: tmp = x + (math.tan((y + z)) - math.tan(a)) return tmp
function code(x, y, z, a) tmp = 0.0 if (tan(a) <= -0.04) tmp = Float64(Float64(x + Float64(1.0 / Float64(cos(Float64(y + z)) * Float64(1.0 / sin(Float64(y + z)))))) - tan(a)); elseif (tan(a) <= 5e-6) tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(tan(y) + tan(z)) / Float64(1.0 - Float64(tan(y) * tan(z)))) + Float64(x - a)); else tmp = Float64(x + Float64(tan(Float64(y + z)) - tan(a))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, a) tmp = 0.0; if (tan(a) <= -0.04) tmp = (x + (1.0 / (cos((y + z)) * (1.0 / sin((y + z)))))) - tan(a); elseif (tan(a) <= 5e-6) tmp = ((tan(y) + tan(z)) / (1.0 - (tan(y) * tan(z)))) + (x - a); else tmp = x + (tan((y + z)) - tan(a)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_, a_] := If[LessEqual[N[Tan[a], $MachinePrecision], -0.04], N[(N[(x + N[(1.0 / N[(N[Cos[N[(y + z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[Sin[N[(y + z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[Tan[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[N[Tan[a], $MachinePrecision], 5e-6], N[(N[(N[(N[Tan[y], $MachinePrecision] + N[Tan[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(N[Tan[y], $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(x + N[(N[Tan[N[(y + z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Tan[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\tan a \leq -0.04:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(x + \frac{1}{\cos \left(y + z\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin \left(y + z\right)}}\right) - \tan a\\
\mathbf{elif}\;\tan a \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\tan y + \tan z}{1 - \tan y \cdot \tan z} + \left(x - a\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + \left(\tan \left(y + z\right) - \tan a\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (tan.f64 a) < -0.0400000000000000008Initial program 86.7%
associate-+r-86.7%
Simplified86.7%
tan-quot86.7%
clear-num86.7%
Applied egg-rr86.7%
div-inv86.8%
+-commutative86.8%
+-commutative86.8%
Applied egg-rr86.8%
if -0.0400000000000000008 < (tan.f64 a) < 5.00000000000000041e-6Initial program 77.6%
tan-sum99.7%
div-inv99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
*-rgt-identity99.7%
Simplified99.7%
tan-sum77.6%
add-sqr-sqrt45.4%
sqrt-unprod61.3%
pow261.3%
Applied egg-rr61.3%
unpow261.3%
rem-sqrt-square61.3%
+-commutative61.3%
Simplified61.3%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 61.3%
rem-square-sqrt45.4%
fabs-sqr45.4%
rem-square-sqrt77.6%
+-commutative77.6%
+-commutative77.6%
mul-1-neg77.6%
unsub-neg77.6%
Simplified77.6%
tan-sum99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
if 5.00000000000000041e-6 < (tan.f64 a) Initial program 75.4%
Final simplification91.2%
(FPCore (x y z a)
:precision binary64
(if (<= (tan a) -1e-5)
(- (+ x (/ 1.0 (* (cos (+ y z)) (/ 1.0 (sin (+ y z)))))) (tan a))
(if (<= (tan a) 0.1)
(+ x (/ (+ (tan y) (tan z)) (- 1.0 (* (tan y) (tan z)))))
(+ x (- (tan (+ y z)) (tan a))))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double a) {
double tmp;
if (tan(a) <= -1e-5) {
tmp = (x + (1.0 / (cos((y + z)) * (1.0 / sin((y + z)))))) - tan(a);
} else if (tan(a) <= 0.1) {
tmp = x + ((tan(y) + tan(z)) / (1.0 - (tan(y) * tan(z))));
} else {
tmp = x + (tan((y + z)) - tan(a));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, a)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8) :: tmp
if (tan(a) <= (-1d-5)) then
tmp = (x + (1.0d0 / (cos((y + z)) * (1.0d0 / sin((y + z)))))) - tan(a)
else if (tan(a) <= 0.1d0) then
tmp = x + ((tan(y) + tan(z)) / (1.0d0 - (tan(y) * tan(z))))
else
tmp = x + (tan((y + z)) - tan(a))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double a) {
double tmp;
if (Math.tan(a) <= -1e-5) {
tmp = (x + (1.0 / (Math.cos((y + z)) * (1.0 / Math.sin((y + z)))))) - Math.tan(a);
} else if (Math.tan(a) <= 0.1) {
tmp = x + ((Math.tan(y) + Math.tan(z)) / (1.0 - (Math.tan(y) * Math.tan(z))));
} else {
tmp = x + (Math.tan((y + z)) - Math.tan(a));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, a): tmp = 0 if math.tan(a) <= -1e-5: tmp = (x + (1.0 / (math.cos((y + z)) * (1.0 / math.sin((y + z)))))) - math.tan(a) elif math.tan(a) <= 0.1: tmp = x + ((math.tan(y) + math.tan(z)) / (1.0 - (math.tan(y) * math.tan(z)))) else: tmp = x + (math.tan((y + z)) - math.tan(a)) return tmp
function code(x, y, z, a) tmp = 0.0 if (tan(a) <= -1e-5) tmp = Float64(Float64(x + Float64(1.0 / Float64(cos(Float64(y + z)) * Float64(1.0 / sin(Float64(y + z)))))) - tan(a)); elseif (tan(a) <= 0.1) tmp = Float64(x + Float64(Float64(tan(y) + tan(z)) / Float64(1.0 - Float64(tan(y) * tan(z))))); else tmp = Float64(x + Float64(tan(Float64(y + z)) - tan(a))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, a) tmp = 0.0; if (tan(a) <= -1e-5) tmp = (x + (1.0 / (cos((y + z)) * (1.0 / sin((y + z)))))) - tan(a); elseif (tan(a) <= 0.1) tmp = x + ((tan(y) + tan(z)) / (1.0 - (tan(y) * tan(z)))); else tmp = x + (tan((y + z)) - tan(a)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_, z_, a_] := If[LessEqual[N[Tan[a], $MachinePrecision], -1e-5], N[(N[(x + N[(1.0 / N[(N[Cos[N[(y + z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[Sin[N[(y + z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[Tan[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[N[Tan[a], $MachinePrecision], 0.1], N[(x + N[(N[(N[Tan[y], $MachinePrecision] + N[Tan[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(N[Tan[y], $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(x + N[(N[Tan[N[(y + z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Tan[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\tan a \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(x + \frac{1}{\cos \left(y + z\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sin \left(y + z\right)}}\right) - \tan a\\
\mathbf{elif}\;\tan a \leq 0.1:\\
\;\;\;\;x + \frac{\tan y + \tan z}{1 - \tan y \cdot \tan z}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + \left(\tan \left(y + z\right) - \tan a\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (tan.f64 a) < -1.00000000000000008e-5Initial program 86.9%
associate-+r-86.9%
Simplified86.9%
tan-quot86.8%
clear-num86.9%
Applied egg-rr86.9%
div-inv86.9%
+-commutative86.9%
+-commutative86.9%
Applied egg-rr86.9%
if -1.00000000000000008e-5 < (tan.f64 a) < 0.10000000000000001Initial program 77.0%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 76.9%
*-rgt-identity76.9%
*-commutative76.9%
associate-*l/76.8%
*-commutative76.8%
associate-*r/76.9%
*-rgt-identity76.9%
+-commutative76.9%
+-commutative76.9%
Simplified76.9%
quot-tan76.9%
+-commutative76.9%
tan-sum98.3%
div-inv98.3%
fma-def98.3%
Applied egg-rr98.3%
fma-udef98.3%
associate-*r/98.3%
*-rgt-identity98.3%
Simplified98.3%
if 0.10000000000000001 < (tan.f64 a) Initial program 76.4%
Final simplification90.7%
(FPCore (x y z a) :precision binary64 (+ x (- (/ (+ (tan y) (tan z)) (- (fma (tan y) (tan z) -1.0))) (tan a))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double a) {
return x + (((tan(y) + tan(z)) / -fma(tan(y), tan(z), -1.0)) - tan(a));
}
function code(x, y, z, a) return Float64(x + Float64(Float64(Float64(tan(y) + tan(z)) / Float64(-fma(tan(y), tan(z), -1.0))) - tan(a))) end
code[x_, y_, z_, a_] := N[(x + N[(N[(N[(N[Tan[y], $MachinePrecision] + N[Tan[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / (-N[(N[Tan[y], $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[z], $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision] - N[Tan[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x + \left(\frac{\tan y + \tan z}{-\mathsf{fma}\left(\tan y, \tan z, -1\right)} - \tan a\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 79.4%
tan-sum99.7%
div-inv99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
*-rgt-identity99.7%
Simplified99.7%
expm1-log1p-u91.9%
expm1-udef91.9%
log1p-udef91.9%
add-exp-log99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
associate--l+99.7%
fma-neg99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
Simplified99.7%
sub-neg99.7%
associate--r+99.7%
metadata-eval99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
sub-neg99.7%
sub0-neg99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (x y z a) :precision binary64 (+ x (- (/ (+ (tan y) (tan z)) (- 1.0 (* (tan y) (tan z)))) (tan a))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double a) {
return x + (((tan(y) + tan(z)) / (1.0 - (tan(y) * tan(z)))) - tan(a));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, a)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: a
code = x + (((tan(y) + tan(z)) / (1.0d0 - (tan(y) * tan(z)))) - tan(a))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double a) {
return x + (((Math.tan(y) + Math.tan(z)) / (1.0 - (Math.tan(y) * Math.tan(z)))) - Math.tan(a));
}
def code(x, y, z, a): return x + (((math.tan(y) + math.tan(z)) / (1.0 - (math.tan(y) * math.tan(z)))) - math.tan(a))
function code(x, y, z, a) return Float64(x + Float64(Float64(Float64(tan(y) + tan(z)) / Float64(1.0 - Float64(tan(y) * tan(z)))) - tan(a))) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, a) tmp = x + (((tan(y) + tan(z)) / (1.0 - (tan(y) * tan(z)))) - tan(a)); end
code[x_, y_, z_, a_] := N[(x + N[(N[(N[(N[Tan[y], $MachinePrecision] + N[Tan[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(N[Tan[y], $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[Tan[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x + \left(\frac{\tan y + \tan z}{1 - \tan y \cdot \tan z} - \tan a\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 79.4%
tan-sum99.7%
div-inv99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
associate-*r/99.7%
*-rgt-identity99.7%
Simplified99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (x y z a) :precision binary64 (+ x (- (tan (+ y z)) (tan a))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double a) {
return x + (tan((y + z)) - tan(a));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, a)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: a
code = x + (tan((y + z)) - tan(a))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double a) {
return x + (Math.tan((y + z)) - Math.tan(a));
}
def code(x, y, z, a): return x + (math.tan((y + z)) - math.tan(a))
function code(x, y, z, a) return Float64(x + Float64(tan(Float64(y + z)) - tan(a))) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, a) tmp = x + (tan((y + z)) - tan(a)); end
code[x_, y_, z_, a_] := N[(x + N[(N[Tan[N[(y + z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Tan[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x + \left(\tan \left(y + z\right) - \tan a\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 79.4%
Final simplification79.4%
(FPCore (x y z a) :precision binary64 (+ x (tan (+ y z))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double a) {
return x + tan((y + z));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, a)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: a
code = x + tan((y + z))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double a) {
return x + Math.tan((y + z));
}
def code(x, y, z, a): return x + math.tan((y + z))
function code(x, y, z, a) return Float64(x + tan(Float64(y + z))) end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, a) tmp = x + tan((y + z)); end
code[x_, y_, z_, a_] := N[(x + N[Tan[N[(y + z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x + \tan \left(y + z\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 79.4%
Taylor expanded in a around 0 51.3%
*-rgt-identity51.3%
*-commutative51.3%
associate-*l/51.3%
*-commutative51.3%
associate-*r/51.3%
*-rgt-identity51.3%
+-commutative51.3%
+-commutative51.3%
Simplified51.3%
quot-tan51.3%
+-commutative51.3%
expm1-log1p-u50.6%
expm1-udef50.6%
+-commutative50.6%
Applied egg-rr50.6%
expm1-def50.6%
expm1-log1p51.3%
+-commutative51.3%
Simplified51.3%
Final simplification51.3%
(FPCore (x y z a) :precision binary64 x)
double code(double x, double y, double z, double a) {
return x;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, a)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8), intent (in) :: z
real(8), intent (in) :: a
code = x
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double a) {
return x;
}
def code(x, y, z, a): return x
function code(x, y, z, a) return x end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, a) tmp = x; end
code[x_, y_, z_, a_] := x
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x
\end{array}
Initial program 79.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 33.2%
Final simplification33.2%
herbie shell --seed 2023230
(FPCore (x y z a)
:name "tan-example (used to crash)"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (or (== x 0.0) (and (<= 0.5884142 x) (<= x 505.5909))) (or (and (<= -1.796658e+308 y) (<= y -9.425585e-310)) (and (<= 1.284938e-309 y) (<= y 1.751224e+308)))) (or (and (<= -1.776707e+308 z) (<= z -8.599796e-310)) (and (<= 3.293145e-311 z) (<= z 1.725154e+308)))) (or (and (<= -1.796658e+308 a) (<= a -9.425585e-310)) (and (<= 1.284938e-309 a) (<= a 1.751224e+308))))
(+ x (- (tan (+ y z)) (tan a))))