
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t_0\right) + t_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 7 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t_0\right) + t_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))))
(* s (- (log (/ (+ (pow t_0 -2.0) -1.0) (- (/ 1.0 t_0) -1.0)))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = (u / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s))));
return s * -logf(((powf(t_0, -2.0f) + -1.0f) / ((1.0f / t_0) - -1.0f)));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s))))) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32((t_0 ^ Float32(-2.0)) + Float32(-1.0)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / t_0) - Float32(-1.0)))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = (u / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))); tmp = s * -log((((t_0 ^ single(-2.0)) + single(-1.0)) / ((single(1.0) / t_0) - single(-1.0)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\frac{{t_0}^{-2} + -1}{\frac{1}{t_0} - -1}\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.8%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.8%
sub-neg98.8%
Simplified98.8%
flip-+98.8%
Applied egg-rr99.0%
Final simplification99.0%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
(- s)
(log
(+
-1.0
(/
1.0
(fma
(- 1.0 u)
(/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s * logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / fmaf((1.0f - u), (1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))), (u / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / fma(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u), Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))), Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s))))))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(1 - u, \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}, \frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}}\right)}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
sub-neg98.8%
Simplified98.8%
expm1-log1p-u96.5%
expm1-udef21.3%
+-commutative21.3%
Applied egg-rr21.3%
expm1-def96.5%
expm1-log1p98.8%
fma-udef98.8%
*-commutative98.8%
+-commutative98.8%
mul-1-neg98.8%
sub-neg98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Final simplification98.8%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.8%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.8%
sub-neg98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Final simplification98.8%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log
(+
1.0
(*
-4.0
(/ (- (* 0.25 (* u PI)) (+ (* (* u PI) -0.25) (* PI 0.25))) s)))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf((1.0f + (-4.0f * (((0.25f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) - (((u * ((float) M_PI)) * -0.25f) + (((float) M_PI) * 0.25f))) / s))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) - Float32(Float32(Float32(u * Float32(pi)) * Float32(-0.25)) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(0.25)))) / s)))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log((single(1.0) + (single(-4.0) * (((single(0.25) * (u * single(pi))) - (((u * single(pi)) * single(-0.25)) + (single(pi) * single(0.25)))) / s)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{0.25 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) - \left(\left(u \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.25 + \pi \cdot 0.25\right)}{s}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.8%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.8%
sub-neg98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 24.1%
Final simplification24.1%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- (* 0.25 (* u PI)) (+ (* (* u PI) -0.25) (* PI 0.25))) 4.0))
float code(float u, float s) {
return ((0.25f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) - (((u * ((float) M_PI)) * -0.25f) + (((float) M_PI) * 0.25f))) * 4.0f;
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) - Float32(Float32(Float32(u * Float32(pi)) * Float32(-0.25)) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(0.25)))) * Float32(4.0)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = ((single(0.25) * (u * single(pi))) - (((u * single(pi)) * single(-0.25)) + (single(pi) * single(0.25)))) * single(4.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(0.25 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) - \left(\left(u \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.25 + \pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right) \cdot 4
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.8%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.8%
sub-neg98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 11.2%
Final simplification11.2%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (pow (cbrt PI) 3.0)))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -powf(cbrtf(((float) M_PI)), 3.0f);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-(cbrt(Float32(pi)) ^ Float32(3.0))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-{\left(\sqrt[3]{\pi}\right)}^{3}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.8%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.8%
sub-neg98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 10.9%
neg-mul-110.9%
Simplified10.9%
add-cube-cbrt10.9%
pow310.9%
Applied egg-rr10.9%
Final simplification10.9%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.8%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.8%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.8%
sub-neg98.8%
Simplified98.8%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 10.9%
neg-mul-110.9%
Simplified10.9%
Final simplification10.9%
herbie shell --seed 2023230
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))