
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0)))
(/
t_0
(* (* PI (log (* alpha alpha))) (+ 1.0 (* (* t_0 cosTheta) cosTheta))))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
float t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - 1.0f;
return t_0 / ((((float) M_PI) * logf((alpha * alpha))) * (1.0f + ((t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta)));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0)) return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * log(Float32(alpha * alpha))) * Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta)))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - single(1.0); tmp = t_0 / ((single(pi) * log((alpha * alpha))) * (single(1.0) + ((t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\\
\frac{t_0}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(t_0 \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0)))
(/
t_0
(* (* PI (log (* alpha alpha))) (+ 1.0 (* (* t_0 cosTheta) cosTheta))))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
float t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - 1.0f;
return t_0 / ((((float) M_PI) * logf((alpha * alpha))) * (1.0f + ((t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta)));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0)) return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * log(Float32(alpha * alpha))) * Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta)))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - single(1.0); tmp = t_0 / ((single(pi) * log((alpha * alpha))) * (single(1.0) + ((t_0 * cosTheta) * cosTheta))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\\
\frac{t_0}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(t_0 \cdot cosTheta\right) \cdot cosTheta\right)}
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0)))
(/
t_0
(* (log (pow (* alpha alpha) PI)) (+ 1.0 (* cosTheta (* t_0 cosTheta)))))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
float t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - 1.0f;
return t_0 / (logf(powf((alpha * alpha), ((float) M_PI))) * (1.0f + (cosTheta * (t_0 * cosTheta))));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0)) return Float32(t_0 / Float32(log((Float32(alpha * alpha) ^ Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(cosTheta * Float32(t_0 * cosTheta))))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - single(1.0); tmp = t_0 / (log(((alpha * alpha) ^ single(pi))) * (single(1.0) + (cosTheta * (t_0 * cosTheta)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\\
\frac{t_0}{\log \left({\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}^{\pi}\right) \cdot \left(1 + cosTheta \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot cosTheta\right)\right)}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.5%
add-log-exp98.4%
*-commutative98.4%
exp-to-pow98.6%
Applied egg-rr98.6%
Final simplification98.6%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0)))
(/
t_0
(* (+ 1.0 (* cosTheta (* t_0 cosTheta))) (* PI (log (* alpha alpha)))))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
float t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - 1.0f;
return t_0 / ((1.0f + (cosTheta * (t_0 * cosTheta))) * (((float) M_PI) * logf((alpha * alpha))));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0)) return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(cosTheta * Float32(t_0 * cosTheta))) * Float32(Float32(pi) * log(Float32(alpha * alpha))))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - single(1.0); tmp = t_0 / ((single(1.0) + (cosTheta * (t_0 * cosTheta))) * (single(pi) * log((alpha * alpha)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\\
\frac{t_0}{\left(1 + cosTheta \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot cosTheta\right)\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right)}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.5%
Final simplification98.5%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (/ (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0) (* (* PI (log (* alpha alpha))) (- 1.0 (* cosTheta cosTheta)))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return ((alpha * alpha) - 1.0f) / ((((float) M_PI) * logf((alpha * alpha))) * (1.0f - (cosTheta * cosTheta)));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * log(Float32(alpha * alpha))) * Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(cosTheta * cosTheta)))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) tmp = ((alpha * alpha) - single(1.0)) / ((single(pi) * log((alpha * alpha))) * (single(1.0) - (cosTheta * cosTheta))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha - 1}{\left(\pi \cdot \log \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - cosTheta \cdot cosTheta\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.5%
Taylor expanded in alpha around 0 97.2%
Simplified97.2%
Final simplification97.2%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (* 0.5 (* (/ (+ alpha 1.0) (log alpha)) (/ (+ alpha -1.0) PI))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return 0.5f * (((alpha + 1.0f) / logf(alpha)) * ((alpha + -1.0f) / ((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(0.5) * Float32(Float32(Float32(alpha + Float32(1.0)) / log(alpha)) * Float32(Float32(alpha + Float32(-1.0)) / Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) tmp = single(0.5) * (((alpha + single(1.0)) / log(alpha)) * ((alpha + single(-1.0)) / single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.5 \cdot \left(\frac{\alpha + 1}{\log \alpha} \cdot \frac{\alpha + -1}{\pi}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.5%
associate-/r*98.5%
difference-of-sqr-198.1%
*-commutative98.1%
times-frac98.1%
*-commutative98.1%
times-frac98.1%
difference-of-sqr-198.5%
associate-/l/98.4%
log-prod98.3%
count-298.3%
*-commutative98.3%
fma-neg98.4%
metadata-eval98.4%
+-commutative98.4%
Simplified98.4%
fma-udef98.3%
difference-of-sqr--198.2%
*-un-lft-identity98.2%
times-frac98.3%
sub-neg98.3%
metadata-eval98.3%
Applied egg-rr98.3%
Simplified98.3%
Taylor expanded in cosTheta around 0 95.0%
times-frac95.1%
+-commutative95.1%
sub-neg95.1%
metadata-eval95.1%
Simplified95.1%
Final simplification95.1%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (* (/ 1.0 PI) (/ (+ alpha -1.0) (* (log alpha) 2.0))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return (1.0f / ((float) M_PI)) * ((alpha + -1.0f) / (logf(alpha) * 2.0f));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(pi)) * Float32(Float32(alpha + Float32(-1.0)) / Float32(log(alpha) * Float32(2.0)))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) tmp = (single(1.0) / single(pi)) * ((alpha + single(-1.0)) / (log(alpha) * single(2.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\pi} \cdot \frac{\alpha + -1}{\log \alpha \cdot 2}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.5%
difference-of-sqr-198.1%
associate-*l*98.1%
times-frac98.0%
pow298.0%
log-pow98.1%
*-commutative98.1%
+-commutative98.1%
fma-neg98.1%
metadata-eval98.1%
associate-*l*98.1%
fma-udef98.1%
Applied egg-rr98.1%
Taylor expanded in cosTheta around 0 94.9%
*-commutative94.9%
Simplified94.9%
Taylor expanded in alpha around 0 46.1%
Final simplification46.1%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (/ -0.5 (* (log alpha) (* PI (- 1.0 (* cosTheta cosTheta))))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return -0.5f / (logf(alpha) * (((float) M_PI) * (1.0f - (cosTheta * cosTheta))));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(-0.5) / Float32(log(alpha) * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(cosTheta * cosTheta))))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) tmp = single(-0.5) / (log(alpha) * (single(pi) * (single(1.0) - (cosTheta * cosTheta)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-0.5}{\log \alpha \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \left(1 - cosTheta \cdot cosTheta\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.5%
associate-/r*98.5%
difference-of-sqr-198.1%
*-commutative98.1%
times-frac98.1%
*-commutative98.1%
times-frac98.1%
difference-of-sqr-198.5%
associate-/l/98.4%
log-prod98.3%
count-298.3%
*-commutative98.3%
fma-neg98.4%
metadata-eval98.4%
+-commutative98.4%
Simplified98.4%
fma-udef98.3%
difference-of-sqr--198.2%
*-un-lft-identity98.2%
times-frac98.3%
sub-neg98.3%
metadata-eval98.3%
Applied egg-rr98.3%
Simplified98.3%
Taylor expanded in alpha around 0 64.6%
*-commutative64.6%
mul-1-neg64.6%
sub-neg64.6%
unpow264.6%
Simplified64.6%
Final simplification64.6%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (* (/ (+ alpha 1.0) PI) (/ -0.5 (log alpha))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
return ((alpha + 1.0f) / ((float) M_PI)) * (-0.5f / logf(alpha));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) return Float32(Float32(Float32(alpha + Float32(1.0)) / Float32(pi)) * Float32(Float32(-0.5) / log(alpha))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) tmp = ((alpha + single(1.0)) / single(pi)) * (single(-0.5) / log(alpha)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\alpha + 1}{\pi} \cdot \frac{-0.5}{\log \alpha}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.5%
difference-of-sqr-198.1%
associate-*l*98.1%
times-frac98.0%
pow298.0%
log-pow98.1%
*-commutative98.1%
+-commutative98.1%
fma-neg98.1%
metadata-eval98.1%
associate-*l*98.1%
fma-udef98.1%
Applied egg-rr98.1%
Taylor expanded in cosTheta around 0 94.9%
*-commutative94.9%
Simplified94.9%
Taylor expanded in alpha around 0 45.5%
Final simplification45.5%
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0))) (/ t_0 (* (+ 1.0 (* cosTheta (* t_0 cosTheta))) (* PI (/ 0.0 0.0))))))
float code(float cosTheta, float alpha) {
float t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - 1.0f;
return t_0 / ((1.0f + (cosTheta * (t_0 * cosTheta))) * (((float) M_PI) * (0.0f / 0.0f)));
}
function code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) - Float32(1.0)) return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(cosTheta * Float32(t_0 * cosTheta))) * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(0.0) / Float32(0.0))))) end
function tmp = code(cosTheta, alpha) t_0 = (alpha * alpha) - single(1.0); tmp = t_0 / ((single(1.0) + (cosTheta * (t_0 * cosTheta))) * (single(pi) * (single(0.0) / single(0.0)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \alpha \cdot \alpha - 1\\
\frac{t_0}{\left(1 + cosTheta \cdot \left(t_0 \cdot cosTheta\right)\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \frac{0}{0}\right)}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.5%
log-prod98.4%
flip-+-0.0%
pow2-0.0%
pow2-0.0%
Applied egg-rr-0.0%
Simplified-0.0%
Final simplification-0.0%
herbie shell --seed 2023230
(FPCore (cosTheta alpha)
:name "GTR1 distribution"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 cosTheta) (<= cosTheta 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0001 alpha) (<= alpha 1.0)))
(/ (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0) (* (* PI (log (* alpha alpha))) (+ 1.0 (* (* (- (* alpha alpha) 1.0) cosTheta) cosTheta)))))