
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t_0\right) + t_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t_0\right) + t_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
-1.0
(log
(exp
(+
-1.0
(log
(+
-1.0
(/
1.0
(+
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s))))))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (-1.0f - logf(expf((-1.0f + logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / (((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))) + (u / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s))))))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(-1.0) - log(exp(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) + Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s))))))))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (single(-1.0) - log(exp((single(-1.0) + log((single(-1.0) + (single(1.0) / (((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))) + (u / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))))))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-1 - \log \left(e^{-1 + \log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}} + \frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}}}\right)}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
distribute-lft-neg-out99.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-in99.0%
sub-neg99.0%
Simplified98.9%
expm1-log1p-u96.6%
Applied egg-rr96.6%
expm1-udef96.5%
log1p-udef96.6%
add-exp-log98.8%
Applied egg-rr98.8%
associate--l+98.9%
Simplified98.9%
add-log-exp99.0%
sub-neg99.0%
Applied egg-rr99.0%
Final simplification99.0%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log
(+
-1.0
(/
1.0
(+
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))))))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf((-1.0f + (1.0f / (((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))) + (u / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s))))))));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) + Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))))))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log((single(-1.0) + (single(1.0) / (((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))) + (u / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(-1 + \frac{1}{\frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}} + \frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}}}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
distribute-lft-neg-out99.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-in99.0%
sub-neg99.0%
Simplified98.9%
Final simplification98.9%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log1p
(+
(/
1.0
(+
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s))))))
-2.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -log1pf(((1.0f / (((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))) + (u / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -2.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log1p(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) + Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))))) + Float32(-2.0))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{\frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}} + \frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}}} + -2\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
distribute-lft-neg-out99.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-in99.0%
sub-neg99.0%
Simplified98.9%
log1p-expm1-u98.9%
expm1-udef98.9%
add-exp-log99.0%
Applied egg-rr99.0%
associate--l+99.0%
metadata-eval99.0%
Simplified99.0%
Final simplification99.0%
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(*
(log
(+
1.0
(* -2.0 (/ (- (* 0.25 (* u PI)) (+ (* (* u PI) -0.25) (* PI 0.25))) s))))
(- 2.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (logf((1.0f + (-2.0f * (((0.25f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) - (((u * ((float) M_PI)) * -0.25f) + (((float) M_PI) * 0.25f))) / s)))) * -2.0f);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(log(Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(-2.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) - Float32(Float32(Float32(u * Float32(pi)) * Float32(-0.25)) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(0.25)))) / s)))) * Float32(-Float32(2.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * (log((single(1.0) + (single(-2.0) * (((single(0.25) * (u * single(pi))) - (((u * single(pi)) * single(-0.25)) + (single(pi) * single(0.25)))) / s)))) * -single(2.0)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\log \left(1 + -2 \cdot \frac{0.25 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) - \left(\left(u \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.25 + \pi \cdot 0.25\right)}{s}\right) \cdot \left(-2\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
distribute-lft-neg-out99.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-in99.0%
sub-neg99.0%
Simplified98.9%
add-sqr-sqrt98.9%
log-prod98.9%
Applied egg-rr98.9%
count-298.9%
+-commutative98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 23.0%
Final simplification23.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* (- (* 0.25 (* u PI)) (+ (* (* u PI) -0.25) (* PI 0.25))) 4.0))
float code(float u, float s) {
return ((0.25f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) - (((u * ((float) M_PI)) * -0.25f) + (((float) M_PI) * 0.25f))) * 4.0f;
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) - Float32(Float32(Float32(u * Float32(pi)) * Float32(-0.25)) + Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(0.25)))) * Float32(4.0)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = ((single(0.25) * (u * single(pi))) - (((u * single(pi)) * single(-0.25)) + (single(pi) * single(0.25)))) * single(4.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(0.25 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) - \left(\left(u \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -0.25 + \pi \cdot 0.25\right)\right) \cdot 4
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
distribute-lft-neg-out99.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-in99.0%
sub-neg99.0%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 11.3%
Final simplification11.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- (* 2.0 (* u PI)) PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return (2.0f * (u * ((float) M_PI))) - ((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(u * Float32(pi))) - Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = (single(2.0) * (u * single(pi))) - single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
2 \cdot \left(u \cdot \pi\right) - \pi
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
distribute-lft-neg-out99.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-in99.0%
sub-neg99.0%
Simplified98.9%
expm1-log1p-u96.6%
expm1-udef96.5%
Applied egg-rr96.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 11.3%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.2%
fma-def11.2%
distribute-rgt-out--11.2%
metadata-eval11.2%
*-commutative11.2%
Simplified11.2%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.3%
mul-1-neg11.3%
unsub-neg11.3%
*-commutative11.3%
*-commutative11.3%
Simplified11.3%
Final simplification11.3%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (/ (- s) (/ s PI)))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -s / (s / ((float) M_PI));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(-s) / Float32(s / Float32(pi))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -s / (s / single(pi)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-s}{\frac{s}{\pi}}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
sub-neg99.0%
Simplified99.0%
expm1-log1p-u97.0%
expm1-udef20.9%
+-commutative20.9%
Applied egg-rr20.9%
expm1-def97.0%
expm1-log1p99.0%
fma-udef99.0%
*-commutative99.0%
+-commutative99.0%
mul-1-neg99.0%
sub-neg99.0%
Simplified99.0%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.0%
associate-*r/11.0%
Applied egg-rr11.0%
associate-/l*11.0%
Simplified11.0%
Final simplification11.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
distribute-lft-neg-out99.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-in99.0%
sub-neg99.0%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.0%
neg-mul-111.0%
Simplified11.0%
Final simplification11.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s 0.0))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * 0.0f;
}
real(4) function code(u, s)
real(4), intent (in) :: u
real(4), intent (in) :: s
code = s * 0.0e0
end function
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(0.0)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * single(0.0); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot 0
\end{array}
Initial program 99.0%
distribute-lft-neg-out99.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-in99.0%
sub-neg99.0%
Simplified98.9%
expm1-log1p-u96.6%
expm1-udef96.5%
Applied egg-rr96.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf 10.3%
Final simplification10.3%
herbie shell --seed 2023228
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))