Numeric.SpecFunctions:logGammaL from math-functions-0.1.5.2

Percentage Accurate: 99.6% → 99.6%
Time: 20.4s
Alternatives: 15
Speedup: 0.8×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((Math.log((x + y)) + Math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return ((math.log((x + y)) + math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 15 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((Math.log((x + y)) + Math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return ((math.log((x + y)) + math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.6% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (- (log z) t) (fma (+ a -0.5) (log t) (log (+ x y)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return (log(z) - t) + fma((a + -0.5), log(t), log((x + y)));
}
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(log(z) - t) + fma(Float64(a + -0.5), log(t), log(Float64(x + y))))
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.6%

    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate--l+99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    3. associate-+l+99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
    4. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
    5. fma-def99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
    6. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a + \left(-0.5\right)}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
    7. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
  3. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
  4. Final simplification99.6%

    \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]

Alternative 2: 99.6% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (log (+ x y)) (- (log z) (fma (log t) (- 0.5 a) t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return log((x + y)) + (log(z) - fma(log(t), (0.5 - a), t));
}
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + Float64(log(z) - fma(log(t), Float64(0.5 - a), t)))
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 - a), $MachinePrecision] + t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.6%

    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-+l-99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
    2. associate--l+99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
    3. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
    4. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
    5. associate--r+99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
    6. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right) + \left(-t\right)\right)} \]
    7. associate-+l-99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log z - \left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) - \left(-t\right)\right)\right)} \]
    8. neg-sub099.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\left(0 - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} - \left(-t\right)\right)\right) \]
    9. associate--r+99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(0 - \left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \left(-t\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
    10. unsub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(0 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t - t\right)}\right)\right) \]
    11. associate-+l-99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(0 - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
    12. neg-sub099.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
    13. *-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
    14. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
    15. fma-def99.6%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
  3. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
  4. Final simplification99.6%

    \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right) \]

Alternative 3: 98.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a - 0.5 \leq -40000000000 \lor \neg \left(a - 0.5 \leq -0.2\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\log t \cdot 0.5 + t\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= (- a 0.5) -40000000000.0) (not (<= (- a 0.5) -0.2)))
   (+ (- (log z) t) (* a (log t)))
   (+ (log (+ x y)) (- (log z) (+ (* (log t) 0.5) t)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (((a - 0.5) <= -40000000000.0) || !((a - 0.5) <= -0.2)) {
		tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t));
	} else {
		tmp = log((x + y)) + (log(z) - ((log(t) * 0.5) + t));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (((a - 0.5d0) <= (-40000000000.0d0)) .or. (.not. ((a - 0.5d0) <= (-0.2d0)))) then
        tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t))
    else
        tmp = log((x + y)) + (log(z) - ((log(t) * 0.5d0) + t))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (((a - 0.5) <= -40000000000.0) || !((a - 0.5) <= -0.2)) {
		tmp = (Math.log(z) - t) + (a * Math.log(t));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.log((x + y)) + (Math.log(z) - ((Math.log(t) * 0.5) + t));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	tmp = 0
	if ((a - 0.5) <= -40000000000.0) or not ((a - 0.5) <= -0.2):
		tmp = (math.log(z) - t) + (a * math.log(t))
	else:
		tmp = math.log((x + y)) + (math.log(z) - ((math.log(t) * 0.5) + t))
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((Float64(a - 0.5) <= -40000000000.0) || !(Float64(a - 0.5) <= -0.2))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(log(z) - t) + Float64(a * log(t)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + Float64(log(z) - Float64(Float64(log(t) * 0.5) + t)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (((a - 0.5) <= -40000000000.0) || ~(((a - 0.5) <= -0.2)))
		tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t));
	else
		tmp = log((x + y)) + (log(z) - ((log(t) * 0.5) + t));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[Or[LessEqual[N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision], -40000000000.0], N[Not[LessEqual[N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision], -0.2]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] + t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a - 0.5 \leq -40000000000 \lor \neg \left(a - 0.5 \leq -0.2\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\log t \cdot 0.5 + t\right)\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (-.f64 a 1/2) < -4e10 or -0.20000000000000001 < (-.f64 a 1/2)

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      3. associate-+l+99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      4. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      5. fma-def99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      6. sub-neg99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a + \left(-0.5\right)}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
      7. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in a around inf 99.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    6. Simplified99.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

    if -4e10 < (-.f64 a 1/2) < -0.20000000000000001

    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. associate--r+99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
      6. sub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right) + \left(-t\right)\right)} \]
      7. associate-+l-99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log z - \left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) - \left(-t\right)\right)\right)} \]
      8. neg-sub099.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\left(0 - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} - \left(-t\right)\right)\right) \]
      9. associate--r+99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(0 - \left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \left(-t\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
      10. unsub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(0 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t - t\right)}\right)\right) \]
      11. associate-+l-99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(0 - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      12. neg-sub099.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      13. *-commutative99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      14. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      15. fma-def99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in a around 0 98.7%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log z - \left(t + 0.5 \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative98.7%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot 0.5}\right)\right) \]
    6. Simplified98.7%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log z - \left(t + \log t \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification99.0%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a - 0.5 \leq -40000000000 \lor \neg \left(a - 0.5 \leq -0.2\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\log t \cdot 0.5 + t\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4: 80.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a - 0.5 \leq -40000000000 \lor \neg \left(a - 0.5 \leq -0.2\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + \left(\log y - t\right)\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= (- a 0.5) -40000000000.0) (not (<= (- a 0.5) -0.2)))
   (+ (- (log z) t) (* a (log t)))
   (+ (+ (log z) (- (log y) t)) (* -0.5 (log t)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (((a - 0.5) <= -40000000000.0) || !((a - 0.5) <= -0.2)) {
		tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t));
	} else {
		tmp = (log(z) + (log(y) - t)) + (-0.5 * log(t));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (((a - 0.5d0) <= (-40000000000.0d0)) .or. (.not. ((a - 0.5d0) <= (-0.2d0)))) then
        tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t))
    else
        tmp = (log(z) + (log(y) - t)) + ((-0.5d0) * log(t))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (((a - 0.5) <= -40000000000.0) || !((a - 0.5) <= -0.2)) {
		tmp = (Math.log(z) - t) + (a * Math.log(t));
	} else {
		tmp = (Math.log(z) + (Math.log(y) - t)) + (-0.5 * Math.log(t));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	tmp = 0
	if ((a - 0.5) <= -40000000000.0) or not ((a - 0.5) <= -0.2):
		tmp = (math.log(z) - t) + (a * math.log(t))
	else:
		tmp = (math.log(z) + (math.log(y) - t)) + (-0.5 * math.log(t))
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((Float64(a - 0.5) <= -40000000000.0) || !(Float64(a - 0.5) <= -0.2))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(log(z) - t) + Float64(a * log(t)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(log(z) + Float64(log(y) - t)) + Float64(-0.5 * log(t)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (((a - 0.5) <= -40000000000.0) || ~(((a - 0.5) <= -0.2)))
		tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t));
	else
		tmp = (log(z) + (log(y) - t)) + (-0.5 * log(t));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[Or[LessEqual[N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision], -40000000000.0], N[Not[LessEqual[N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision], -0.2]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.5 * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a - 0.5 \leq -40000000000 \lor \neg \left(a - 0.5 \leq -0.2\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\log z + \left(\log y - t\right)\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (-.f64 a 1/2) < -4e10 or -0.20000000000000001 < (-.f64 a 1/2)

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      3. associate-+l+99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      4. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      5. fma-def99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      6. sub-neg99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a + \left(-0.5\right)}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
      7. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in a around inf 99.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    6. Simplified99.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

    if -4e10 < (-.f64 a 1/2) < -0.20000000000000001

    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. sub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)} \cdot \log t \]
      3. metadata-eval99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right) \cdot \log t \]
    3. Simplified99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 66.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z + \log y\right) - t\right)} + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+66.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \left(\log y - t\right)\right)} + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    6. Simplified66.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \left(\log y - t\right)\right)} + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    7. Taylor expanded in a around 0 66.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z + \left(\log y - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \log t} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification83.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a - 0.5 \leq -40000000000 \lor \neg \left(a - 0.5 \leq -0.2\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + \left(\log y - t\right)\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5: 80.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a - 0.5 \leq -40000000000 \lor \neg \left(a - 0.5 \leq -0.2\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + \left(\log y + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right)\right) - t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= (- a 0.5) -40000000000.0) (not (<= (- a 0.5) -0.2)))
   (+ (- (log z) t) (* a (log t)))
   (- (+ (log z) (+ (log y) (* -0.5 (log t)))) t)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (((a - 0.5) <= -40000000000.0) || !((a - 0.5) <= -0.2)) {
		tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t));
	} else {
		tmp = (log(z) + (log(y) + (-0.5 * log(t)))) - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (((a - 0.5d0) <= (-40000000000.0d0)) .or. (.not. ((a - 0.5d0) <= (-0.2d0)))) then
        tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t))
    else
        tmp = (log(z) + (log(y) + ((-0.5d0) * log(t)))) - t
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (((a - 0.5) <= -40000000000.0) || !((a - 0.5) <= -0.2)) {
		tmp = (Math.log(z) - t) + (a * Math.log(t));
	} else {
		tmp = (Math.log(z) + (Math.log(y) + (-0.5 * Math.log(t)))) - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	tmp = 0
	if ((a - 0.5) <= -40000000000.0) or not ((a - 0.5) <= -0.2):
		tmp = (math.log(z) - t) + (a * math.log(t))
	else:
		tmp = (math.log(z) + (math.log(y) + (-0.5 * math.log(t)))) - t
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((Float64(a - 0.5) <= -40000000000.0) || !(Float64(a - 0.5) <= -0.2))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(log(z) - t) + Float64(a * log(t)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(log(z) + Float64(log(y) + Float64(-0.5 * log(t)))) - t);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (((a - 0.5) <= -40000000000.0) || ~(((a - 0.5) <= -0.2)))
		tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t));
	else
		tmp = (log(z) + (log(y) + (-0.5 * log(t)))) - t;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[Or[LessEqual[N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision], -40000000000.0], N[Not[LessEqual[N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision], -0.2]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.5 * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a - 0.5 \leq -40000000000 \lor \neg \left(a - 0.5 \leq -0.2\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\log z + \left(\log y + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right)\right) - t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (-.f64 a 1/2) < -4e10 or -0.20000000000000001 < (-.f64 a 1/2)

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      3. associate-+l+99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      4. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      5. fma-def99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      6. sub-neg99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a + \left(-0.5\right)}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
      7. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in a around inf 99.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative99.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    6. Simplified99.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

    if -4e10 < (-.f64 a 1/2) < -0.20000000000000001

    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
      2. fma-def99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a + \left(-0.5\right)}, \log t, \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
      4. metadata-eval99.5%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}, \log t, \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
      5. associate--l+99.5%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)}\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 66.2%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log y\right) - t}\right) \]
    5. Taylor expanded in a around 0 66.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \left(\log y + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right)\right) - t} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification83.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a - 0.5 \leq -40000000000 \lor \neg \left(a - 0.5 \leq -0.2\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + \left(\log y + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right)\right) - t\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 6: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (+ (- (log z) t) (log (+ x y))) (* (+ a -0.5) (log t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((log(z) - t) + log((x + y))) + ((a + -0.5) * log(t));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = ((log(z) - t) + log((x + y))) + ((a + (-0.5d0)) * log(t))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((Math.log(z) - t) + Math.log((x + y))) + ((a + -0.5) * Math.log(t));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return ((math.log(z) - t) + math.log((x + y))) + ((a + -0.5) * math.log(t))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(log(z) - t) + log(Float64(x + y))) + Float64(Float64(a + -0.5) * log(t)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = ((log(z) - t) + log((x + y))) + ((a + -0.5) * log(t));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.6%

    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate--l+99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)} \cdot \log t \]
    3. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right) \cdot \log t \]
  3. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t} \]
  4. Final simplification99.6%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]

Alternative 7: 76.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -60000000 \lor \neg \left(a \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{-38}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log y + \log \left(\frac{z}{\sqrt{t}}\right)\right) - t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= a -60000000.0) (not (<= a 9.5e-38)))
   (+ (- (log z) t) (* a (log t)))
   (- (+ (log y) (log (/ z (sqrt t)))) t)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if ((a <= -60000000.0) || !(a <= 9.5e-38)) {
		tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t));
	} else {
		tmp = (log(y) + log((z / sqrt(t)))) - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((a <= (-60000000.0d0)) .or. (.not. (a <= 9.5d-38))) then
        tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t))
    else
        tmp = (log(y) + log((z / sqrt(t)))) - t
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if ((a <= -60000000.0) || !(a <= 9.5e-38)) {
		tmp = (Math.log(z) - t) + (a * Math.log(t));
	} else {
		tmp = (Math.log(y) + Math.log((z / Math.sqrt(t)))) - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	tmp = 0
	if (a <= -60000000.0) or not (a <= 9.5e-38):
		tmp = (math.log(z) - t) + (a * math.log(t))
	else:
		tmp = (math.log(y) + math.log((z / math.sqrt(t)))) - t
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((a <= -60000000.0) || !(a <= 9.5e-38))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(log(z) - t) + Float64(a * log(t)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(log(y) + log(Float64(z / sqrt(t)))) - t);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((a <= -60000000.0) || ~((a <= 9.5e-38)))
		tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t));
	else
		tmp = (log(y) + log((z / sqrt(t)))) - t;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[Or[LessEqual[a, -60000000.0], N[Not[LessEqual[a, 9.5e-38]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(z / N[Sqrt[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -60000000 \lor \neg \left(a \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{-38}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\log y + \log \left(\frac{z}{\sqrt{t}}\right)\right) - t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -6e7 or 9.5000000000000009e-38 < a

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      3. associate-+l+99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      4. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      5. fma-def99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      6. sub-neg99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a + \left(-0.5\right)}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
      7. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in a around inf 98.7%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative98.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    6. Simplified98.7%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

    if -6e7 < a < 9.5000000000000009e-38

    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. +-commutative99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      3. associate-+l+99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      4. +-commutative99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      5. fma-def99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      6. sub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a + \left(-0.5\right)}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
      7. metadata-eval99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \left(\log \left(y + x\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right)\right) - t} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+r+99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right)} - t \]
      2. +-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log \left(y + x\right) + \log z\right)} + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right) - t \]
      3. +-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)} + \log z\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right) - t \]
      4. log-prod75.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)} + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right) - t \]
      5. *-commutative75.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)} + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right) - t \]
      6. +-commutative75.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right) - t \]
    6. Simplified75.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right) - t} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in z around 0 99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \left(\log \left(y + x\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right)\right)} - t \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+r+99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right)} - t \]
      2. log-prod75.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right)} + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right) - t \]
      3. log-pow75.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\log \left({t}^{-0.5}\right)}\right) - t \]
      4. log-prod70.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) \cdot {t}^{-0.5}\right)} - t \]
      5. associate-*l*73.2%

        \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot {t}^{-0.5}\right)\right)} - t \]
    9. Simplified73.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(z \cdot \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot {t}^{-0.5}\right)\right)} - t \]
    10. Taylor expanded in x around 0 45.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(y \cdot z\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{t}}\right)} - t \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*l*49.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot \left(z \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{t}}\right)\right)} - t \]
      2. log-prod63.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log \left(z \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{t}}\right)\right)} - t \]
      3. sqrt-div63.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log y + \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{t}}}\right)\right) - t \]
      4. metadata-eval63.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log y + \log \left(z \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{t}}\right)\right) - t \]
      5. un-div-inv63.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log y + \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{z}{\sqrt{t}}\right)}\right) - t \]
    12. Applied egg-rr63.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \log \left(\frac{z}{\sqrt{t}}\right)\right)} - t \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification82.8%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -60000000 \lor \neg \left(a \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{-38}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log y + \log \left(\frac{z}{\sqrt{t}}\right)\right) - t\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 8: 69.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\log z + \left(\log y - t\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (* (+ a -0.5) (log t)) (+ (log z) (- (log y) t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((a + -0.5) * log(t)) + (log(z) + (log(y) - t));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = ((a + (-0.5d0)) * log(t)) + (log(z) + (log(y) - t))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((a + -0.5) * Math.log(t)) + (Math.log(z) + (Math.log(y) - t));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return ((a + -0.5) * math.log(t)) + (math.log(z) + (math.log(y) - t))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(a + -0.5) * log(t)) + Float64(log(z) + Float64(log(y) - t)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = ((a + -0.5) * log(t)) + (log(z) + (log(y) - t));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(a + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\log z + \left(\log y - t\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.6%

    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate--l+99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(-0.5\right)\right)} \cdot \log t \]
    3. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right) \cdot \log t \]
  3. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right) + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 70.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z + \log y\right) - t\right)} + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate--l+70.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \left(\log y - t\right)\right)} + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  6. Simplified70.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \left(\log y - t\right)\right)} + \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  7. Final simplification70.0%

    \[\leadsto \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\log z + \left(\log y - t\right)\right) \]

Alternative 9: 87.1% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 0.0074:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= t 0.0074)
   (+ (log (* z (+ x y))) (* (log t) (- a 0.5)))
   (+ (- (log z) t) (* a (log t)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 0.0074) {
		tmp = log((z * (x + y))) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5));
	} else {
		tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (t <= 0.0074d0) then
        tmp = log((z * (x + y))) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5d0))
    else
        tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 0.0074) {
		tmp = Math.log((z * (x + y))) + (Math.log(t) * (a - 0.5));
	} else {
		tmp = (Math.log(z) - t) + (a * Math.log(t));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	tmp = 0
	if t <= 0.0074:
		tmp = math.log((z * (x + y))) + (math.log(t) * (a - 0.5))
	else:
		tmp = (math.log(z) - t) + (a * math.log(t))
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t <= 0.0074)
		tmp = Float64(log(Float64(z * Float64(x + y))) + Float64(log(t) * Float64(a - 0.5)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(log(z) - t) + Float64(a * log(t)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t <= 0.0074)
		tmp = log((z * (x + y))) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5));
	else
		tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[LessEqual[t, 0.0074], N[(N[Log[N[(z * N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;t \leq 0.0074:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if t < 0.0074000000000000003

    1. Initial program 99.3%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. associate--r+99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
      6. sub-neg99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right) + \left(-t\right)\right)} \]
      7. associate-+l-99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log z - \left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) - \left(-t\right)\right)\right)} \]
      8. neg-sub099.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\left(0 - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} - \left(-t\right)\right)\right) \]
      9. associate--r+99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(0 - \left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \left(-t\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
      10. unsub-neg99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(0 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t - t\right)}\right)\right) \]
      11. associate-+l-99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(0 - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      12. neg-sub099.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      13. *-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      14. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      15. fma-def99.3%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in t around 0 98.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(y + x\right) + \log z\right) - \left(0.5 - a\right) \cdot \log t} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative98.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)} + \log z\right) - \left(0.5 - a\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. log-prod78.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)} - \left(0.5 - a\right) \cdot \log t \]
      3. *-commutative78.0%

        \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)} - \left(0.5 - a\right) \cdot \log t \]
      4. +-commutative78.0%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) - \left(0.5 - a\right) \cdot \log t \]
      5. *-commutative78.0%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)} \]
    6. Simplified78.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \log t \cdot \left(0.5 - a\right)} \]

    if 0.0074000000000000003 < t

    1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. +-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      3. associate-+l+99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      4. +-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      5. fma-def99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      6. sub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a + \left(-0.5\right)}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
      7. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in a around inf 97.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative97.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    6. Simplified97.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification88.2%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 0.0074:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 10: 66.1% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -45000000000 \lor \neg \left(a \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{+22}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= a -45000000000.0) (not (<= a 1.9e+22)))
   (* a (log t))
   (+ (- (log z) t) (log (+ x y)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if ((a <= -45000000000.0) || !(a <= 1.9e+22)) {
		tmp = a * log(t);
	} else {
		tmp = (log(z) - t) + log((x + y));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((a <= (-45000000000.0d0)) .or. (.not. (a <= 1.9d+22))) then
        tmp = a * log(t)
    else
        tmp = (log(z) - t) + log((x + y))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if ((a <= -45000000000.0) || !(a <= 1.9e+22)) {
		tmp = a * Math.log(t);
	} else {
		tmp = (Math.log(z) - t) + Math.log((x + y));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	tmp = 0
	if (a <= -45000000000.0) or not (a <= 1.9e+22):
		tmp = a * math.log(t)
	else:
		tmp = (math.log(z) - t) + math.log((x + y))
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((a <= -45000000000.0) || !(a <= 1.9e+22))
		tmp = Float64(a * log(t));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(log(z) - t) + log(Float64(x + y)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((a <= -45000000000.0) || ~((a <= 1.9e+22)))
		tmp = a * log(t);
	else
		tmp = (log(z) - t) + log((x + y));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[Or[LessEqual[a, -45000000000.0], N[Not[LessEqual[a, 1.9e+22]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -45000000000 \lor \neg \left(a \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{+22}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -4.5e10 or 1.9000000000000002e22 < a

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
      2. fma-def99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.7%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a + \left(-0.5\right)}, \log t, \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
      4. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}, \log t, \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
      5. associate--l+99.7%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)}\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 75.1%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log y\right) - t}\right) \]
    5. Taylor expanded in a around inf 77.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative77.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    7. Simplified77.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

    if -4.5e10 < a < 1.9000000000000002e22

    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+l-99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      2. associate--l+99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. +-commutative99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      5. associate--r+99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
      6. sub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)\right) + \left(-t\right)\right)} \]
      7. associate-+l-99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log z - \left(\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) - \left(-t\right)\right)\right)} \]
      8. neg-sub099.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\left(0 - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} - \left(-t\right)\right)\right) \]
      9. associate--r+99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(0 - \left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \left(-t\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
      10. unsub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(0 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t - t\right)}\right)\right) \]
      11. associate-+l-99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\left(\left(0 - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) + t\right)}\right) \]
      12. neg-sub099.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\left(-\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      13. *-commutative99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) + t\right)\right) \]
      14. distribute-rgt-neg-in99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(-\left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} + t\right)\right) \]
      15. fma-def99.5%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -\left(a - 0.5\right), t\right)}\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5 - a, t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in t around inf 63.7%

      \[\leadsto \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - \color{blue}{t}\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification70.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -45000000000 \lor \neg \left(a \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{+22}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 11: 71.2% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -60000000 \lor \neg \left(a \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{-44}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{z \cdot y}{\sqrt{t}}\right) - t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= a -60000000.0) (not (<= a 5.4e-44)))
   (+ (- (log z) t) (* a (log t)))
   (- (log (/ (* z y) (sqrt t))) t)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if ((a <= -60000000.0) || !(a <= 5.4e-44)) {
		tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t));
	} else {
		tmp = log(((z * y) / sqrt(t))) - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((a <= (-60000000.0d0)) .or. (.not. (a <= 5.4d-44))) then
        tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t))
    else
        tmp = log(((z * y) / sqrt(t))) - t
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if ((a <= -60000000.0) || !(a <= 5.4e-44)) {
		tmp = (Math.log(z) - t) + (a * Math.log(t));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.log(((z * y) / Math.sqrt(t))) - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	tmp = 0
	if (a <= -60000000.0) or not (a <= 5.4e-44):
		tmp = (math.log(z) - t) + (a * math.log(t))
	else:
		tmp = math.log(((z * y) / math.sqrt(t))) - t
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((a <= -60000000.0) || !(a <= 5.4e-44))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(log(z) - t) + Float64(a * log(t)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(log(Float64(Float64(z * y) / sqrt(t))) - t);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((a <= -60000000.0) || ~((a <= 5.4e-44)))
		tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t));
	else
		tmp = log(((z * y) / sqrt(t))) - t;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[Or[LessEqual[a, -60000000.0], N[Not[LessEqual[a, 5.4e-44]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Log[N[(N[(z * y), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -60000000 \lor \neg \left(a \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{-44}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{z \cdot y}{\sqrt{t}}\right) - t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -6e7 or 5.3999999999999998e-44 < a

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      3. associate-+l+99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      4. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      5. fma-def99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      6. sub-neg99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a + \left(-0.5\right)}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
      7. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in a around inf 97.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative97.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    6. Simplified97.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

    if -6e7 < a < 5.3999999999999998e-44

    1. Initial program 99.4%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. +-commutative99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      3. associate-+l+99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      4. +-commutative99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      5. fma-def99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      6. sub-neg99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a + \left(-0.5\right)}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
      7. metadata-eval99.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in a around 0 99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \left(\log \left(y + x\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right)\right) - t} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+r+99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right)} - t \]
      2. +-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log \left(y + x\right) + \log z\right)} + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right) - t \]
      3. +-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)} + \log z\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right) - t \]
      4. log-prod76.4%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)} + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right) - t \]
      5. *-commutative76.4%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)} + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right) - t \]
      6. +-commutative76.4%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right) - t \]
    6. Simplified76.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right) - t} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in z around 0 99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \left(\log \left(y + x\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right)\right)} - t \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-+r+99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right)} - t \]
      2. log-prod76.4%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right)} + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right) - t \]
      3. log-pow76.4%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\log \left({t}^{-0.5}\right)}\right) - t \]
      4. log-prod71.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) \cdot {t}^{-0.5}\right)} - t \]
      5. associate-*l*74.2%

        \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot {t}^{-0.5}\right)\right)} - t \]
    9. Simplified74.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(z \cdot \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot {t}^{-0.5}\right)\right)} - t \]
    10. Taylor expanded in x around 0 46.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(y \cdot z\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{t}}\right)} - t \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sqrt-div46.2%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(\left(y \cdot z\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{t}}}\right) - t \]
      2. metadata-eval46.2%

        \[\leadsto \log \left(\left(y \cdot z\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{\sqrt{t}}\right) - t \]
      3. un-div-inv46.2%

        \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y \cdot z}{\sqrt{t}}\right)} - t \]
    12. Applied egg-rr46.2%

      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y \cdot z}{\sqrt{t}}\right)} - t \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification74.7%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -60000000 \lor \neg \left(a \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{-44}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{z \cdot y}{\sqrt{t}}\right) - t\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 12: 73.5% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 0.005:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(z \cdot y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= t 0.005)
   (+ (log (* z y)) (* (log t) (- a 0.5)))
   (+ (- (log z) t) (* a (log t)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 0.005) {
		tmp = log((z * y)) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5));
	} else {
		tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (t <= 0.005d0) then
        tmp = log((z * y)) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5d0))
    else
        tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if (t <= 0.005) {
		tmp = Math.log((z * y)) + (Math.log(t) * (a - 0.5));
	} else {
		tmp = (Math.log(z) - t) + (a * Math.log(t));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	tmp = 0
	if t <= 0.005:
		tmp = math.log((z * y)) + (math.log(t) * (a - 0.5))
	else:
		tmp = (math.log(z) - t) + (a * math.log(t))
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t <= 0.005)
		tmp = Float64(log(Float64(z * y)) + Float64(log(t) * Float64(a - 0.5)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(log(z) - t) + Float64(a * log(t)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t <= 0.005)
		tmp = log((z * y)) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5));
	else
		tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[LessEqual[t, 0.005], N[(N[Log[N[(z * y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;t \leq 0.005:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(z \cdot y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if t < 0.0050000000000000001

    1. Initial program 99.3%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
      2. fma-def99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.3%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a + \left(-0.5\right)}, \log t, \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
      4. metadata-eval99.3%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}, \log t, \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
      5. associate--l+99.3%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)}\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 68.2%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log y\right) - t}\right) \]
    5. Taylor expanded in z around inf 68.2%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{z}\right) + \log y\right)} - t\right) \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-neg68.2%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \left(\color{blue}{\left(-\log \left(\frac{1}{z}\right)\right)} + \log y\right) - t\right) \]
      2. log-rec68.2%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\left(-\log z\right)}\right) + \log y\right) - t\right) \]
      3. remove-double-neg68.2%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \left(\color{blue}{\log z} + \log y\right) - t\right) \]
      4. log-prod51.5%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \color{blue}{\log \left(z \cdot y\right)} - t\right) \]
    7. Simplified51.5%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \color{blue}{\log \left(z \cdot y\right)} - t\right) \]
    8. Taylor expanded in t around 0 50.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \log \left(y \cdot z\right)} \]

    if 0.0050000000000000001 < t

    1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. +-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      3. associate-+l+99.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      4. +-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      5. fma-def99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      6. sub-neg99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a + \left(-0.5\right)}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
      7. metadata-eval99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in a around inf 97.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative97.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    6. Simplified97.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification75.3%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 0.005:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(z \cdot y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 13: 76.2% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a) :precision binary64 (+ (- (log z) t) (* a (log t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return (Math.log(z) - t) + (a * Math.log(t));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return (math.log(z) - t) + (a * math.log(t))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(log(z) - t) + Float64(a * log(t)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = (log(z) - t) + (a * log(t));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.6%

    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate--l+99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    3. associate-+l+99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
    4. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
    5. fma-def99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
    6. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a + \left(-0.5\right)}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
    7. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
  3. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in a around inf 80.8%

    \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative80.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
  6. Simplified80.8%

    \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
  7. Final simplification80.8%

    \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + a \cdot \log t \]

Alternative 14: 62.0% accurate, 2.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -43000000000 \lor \neg \left(a \leq 8 \cdot 10^{+21}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= a -43000000000.0) (not (<= a 8e+21))) (* a (log t)) (- t)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if ((a <= -43000000000.0) || !(a <= 8e+21)) {
		tmp = a * log(t);
	} else {
		tmp = -t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((a <= (-43000000000.0d0)) .or. (.not. (a <= 8d+21))) then
        tmp = a * log(t)
    else
        tmp = -t
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double tmp;
	if ((a <= -43000000000.0) || !(a <= 8e+21)) {
		tmp = a * Math.log(t);
	} else {
		tmp = -t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	tmp = 0
	if (a <= -43000000000.0) or not (a <= 8e+21):
		tmp = a * math.log(t)
	else:
		tmp = -t
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((a <= -43000000000.0) || !(a <= 8e+21))
		tmp = Float64(a * log(t));
	else
		tmp = Float64(-t);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((a <= -43000000000.0) || ~((a <= 8e+21)))
		tmp = a * log(t);
	else
		tmp = -t;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[Or[LessEqual[a, -43000000000.0], N[Not[LessEqual[a, 8e+21]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], (-t)]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -43000000000 \lor \neg \left(a \leq 8 \cdot 10^{+21}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -4.3e10 or 8e21 < a

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutative99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
      2. fma-def99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
      3. sub-neg99.7%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a + \left(-0.5\right)}, \log t, \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
      4. metadata-eval99.7%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}, \log t, \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
      5. associate--l+99.7%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)}\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 75.1%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log y\right) - t}\right) \]
    5. Taylor expanded in a around inf 77.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative77.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
    7. Simplified77.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

    if -4.3e10 < a < 8e21

    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. +-commutative99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      3. associate-+l+99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
      4. +-commutative99.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      5. fma-def99.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
      6. sub-neg99.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a + \left(-0.5\right)}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
      7. metadata-eval99.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in t around inf 56.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. neg-mul-156.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
    6. Simplified56.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification67.3%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -43000000000 \lor \neg \left(a \leq 8 \cdot 10^{+21}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 15: 37.7% accurate, 156.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a) :precision binary64 (- t))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return -t;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = -t
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return -t;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return -t
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(-t)
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = -t;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := (-t)
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-t
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.6%

    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate--l+99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    3. associate-+l+99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
    4. +-commutative99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
    5. fma-def99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
    6. sub-neg99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a + \left(-0.5\right)}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
    7. metadata-eval99.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) \]
  3. Simplified99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) + \mathsf{fma}\left(a + -0.5, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in t around inf 39.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. neg-mul-139.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
  6. Simplified39.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
  7. Final simplification39.4%

    \[\leadsto -t \]

Developer target: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (log (+ x y)) (+ (- (log z) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return log((x + y)) + ((log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t)));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = log((x + y)) + ((log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t)))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return Math.log((x + y)) + ((Math.log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t)));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return math.log((x + y)) + ((math.log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t)))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + Float64(Float64(log(z) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t))))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = log((x + y)) + ((log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t)));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)
\end{array}

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2023224 
(FPCore (x y z t a)
  :name "Numeric.SpecFunctions:logGammaL from math-functions-0.1.5.2"
  :precision binary64

  :herbie-target
  (+ (log (+ x y)) (+ (- (log z) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))

  (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))