Hyperbolic tangent

Percentage Accurate: 9.1% → 97.0%

Time: 6.5s

Alternatives: 8

Speedup: 409.0×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := e^{-x}\\ \frac{e^{x} - t_0}{e^{x} + t_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (exp (- x)))) (/ (- (exp x) t_0) (+ (exp x) t_0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = exp(-x);
	return (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = exp(-x)
    code = (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0)
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = Math.exp(-x);
	return (Math.exp(x) - t_0) / (Math.exp(x) + t_0);
}

Python

def code(x):
	t_0 = math.exp(-x)
	return (math.exp(x) - t_0) / (math.exp(x) + t_0)

Julia

function code(x)
	t_0 = exp(Float64(-x))
	return Float64(Float64(exp(x) - t_0) / Float64(exp(x) + t_0))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	t_0 = exp(-x);
	tmp = (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0);
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Exp[(-x)], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Initial Program: 9.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := e^{-x}\\ \frac{e^{x} - t_0}{e^{x} + t_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (exp (- x)))) (/ (- (exp x) t_0) (+ (exp x) t_0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = exp(-x);
	return (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = exp(-x)
    code = (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0)
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = Math.exp(-x);
	return (Math.exp(x) - t_0) / (Math.exp(x) + t_0);
}

Python

def code(x):
	t_0 = math.exp(-x)
	return (math.exp(x) - t_0) / (math.exp(x) + t_0)

Julia

function code(x)
	t_0 = exp(Float64(-x))
	return Float64(Float64(exp(x) - t_0) / Float64(exp(x) + t_0))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	t_0 = exp(-x);
	tmp = (exp(x) - t_0) / (exp(x) + t_0);
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Exp[(-x)], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Alternative 1: 97.0% accurate, 1.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{2 \cdot x + \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{3} + 0.016666666666666666 \cdot {x}^{5}\right)}{2 + \left(x \cdot x + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (+
   (* 2.0 x)
   (+ (* 0.3333333333333333 (pow x 3.0)) (* 0.016666666666666666 (pow x 5.0))))
  (+ 2.0 (+ (* x x) (* 0.08333333333333333 (pow x 4.0))))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return ((2.0 * x) + ((0.3333333333333333 * pow(x, 3.0)) + (0.016666666666666666 * pow(x, 5.0)))) / (2.0 + ((x * x) + (0.08333333333333333 * pow(x, 4.0))));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = ((2.0d0 * x) + ((0.3333333333333333d0 * (x ** 3.0d0)) + (0.016666666666666666d0 * (x ** 5.0d0)))) / (2.0d0 + ((x * x) + (0.08333333333333333d0 * (x ** 4.0d0))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return ((2.0 * x) + ((0.3333333333333333 * Math.pow(x, 3.0)) + (0.016666666666666666 * Math.pow(x, 5.0)))) / (2.0 + ((x * x) + (0.08333333333333333 * Math.pow(x, 4.0))));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return ((2.0 * x) + ((0.3333333333333333 * math.pow(x, 3.0)) + (0.016666666666666666 * math.pow(x, 5.0)))) / (2.0 + ((x * x) + (0.08333333333333333 * math.pow(x, 4.0))))

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * x) + Float64(Float64(0.3333333333333333 * (x ^ 3.0)) + Float64(0.016666666666666666 * (x ^ 5.0)))) / Float64(2.0 + Float64(Float64(x * x) + Float64(0.08333333333333333 * (x ^ 4.0)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = ((2.0 * x) + ((0.3333333333333333 * (x ^ 3.0)) + (0.016666666666666666 * (x ^ 5.0)))) / (2.0 + ((x * x) + (0.08333333333333333 * (x ^ 4.0))));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.016666666666666666 * N[Power[x, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 + N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.08333333333333333 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 9.6%

   \[\frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{e^{x} + e^{-x}} \]

2. Taylor expanded in x around 0 8.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{\color{blue}{2 + \left({x}^{2} + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)}} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow2 8.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{2 + \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot x} + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]

4. Simplified 8.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{\color{blue}{2 + \left(x \cdot x + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)}} \]

5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 96.1%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot x + \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{3} + 0.016666666666666666 \cdot {x}^{5}\right)}}{2 + \left(x \cdot x + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]

6. Final simplification 96.1%

   \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot x + \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{3} + 0.016666666666666666 \cdot {x}^{5}\right)}{2 + \left(x \cdot x + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]

Alternative 2: 96.9% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{2 \cdot x + 0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{3}}{2 + \left(x \cdot x + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (+ (* 2.0 x) (* 0.3333333333333333 (pow x 3.0)))
  (+ 2.0 (+ (* x x) (* 0.08333333333333333 (pow x 4.0))))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return ((2.0 * x) + (0.3333333333333333 * pow(x, 3.0))) / (2.0 + ((x * x) + (0.08333333333333333 * pow(x, 4.0))));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = ((2.0d0 * x) + (0.3333333333333333d0 * (x ** 3.0d0))) / (2.0d0 + ((x * x) + (0.08333333333333333d0 * (x ** 4.0d0))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return ((2.0 * x) + (0.3333333333333333 * Math.pow(x, 3.0))) / (2.0 + ((x * x) + (0.08333333333333333 * Math.pow(x, 4.0))));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return ((2.0 * x) + (0.3333333333333333 * math.pow(x, 3.0))) / (2.0 + ((x * x) + (0.08333333333333333 * math.pow(x, 4.0))))

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * x) + Float64(0.3333333333333333 * (x ^ 3.0))) / Float64(2.0 + Float64(Float64(x * x) + Float64(0.08333333333333333 * (x ^ 4.0)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = ((2.0 * x) + (0.3333333333333333 * (x ^ 3.0))) / (2.0 + ((x * x) + (0.08333333333333333 * (x ^ 4.0))));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 + N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.08333333333333333 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 9.6%

   \[\frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{e^{x} + e^{-x}} \]

2. Taylor expanded in x around 0 8.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{\color{blue}{2 + \left({x}^{2} + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)}} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow2 8.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{2 + \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot x} + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]

4. Simplified 8.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{\color{blue}{2 + \left(x \cdot x + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)}} \]

5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 96.0%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot x + 0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{3}}}{2 + \left(x \cdot x + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]

6. Final simplification 96.0%

   \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot x + 0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{3}}{2 + \left(x \cdot x + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)} \]

Alternative 3: 96.9% accurate, 3.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{2 \cdot x + 0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{3}}{2 + x \cdot x} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (* 2.0 x) (* 0.3333333333333333 (pow x 3.0))) (+ 2.0 (* x x))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return ((2.0 * x) + (0.3333333333333333 * pow(x, 3.0))) / (2.0 + (x * x));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = ((2.0d0 * x) + (0.3333333333333333d0 * (x ** 3.0d0))) / (2.0d0 + (x * x))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return ((2.0 * x) + (0.3333333333333333 * Math.pow(x, 3.0))) / (2.0 + (x * x));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return ((2.0 * x) + (0.3333333333333333 * math.pow(x, 3.0))) / (2.0 + (x * x))

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * x) + Float64(0.3333333333333333 * (x ^ 3.0))) / Float64(2.0 + Float64(x * x)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = ((2.0 * x) + (0.3333333333333333 * (x ^ 3.0))) / (2.0 + (x * x));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 9.6%

   \[\frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{e^{x} + e^{-x}} \]

2. Taylor expanded in x around 0 8.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{\color{blue}{2 + {x}^{2}}} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow2 8.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{2 + \color{blue}{x \cdot x}} \]

4. Simplified 8.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{\color{blue}{2 + x \cdot x}} \]

5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 95.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot x + 0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{3}}}{2 + x \cdot x} \]

6. Final simplification 95.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot x + 0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{3}}{2 + x \cdot x} \]

Alternative 4: 96.6% accurate, 3.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{2 \cdot \sinh x}{2 + x \cdot x} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (* 2.0 (sinh x)) (+ 2.0 (* x x))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return (2.0 * sinh(x)) / (2.0 + (x * x));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (2.0d0 * sinh(x)) / (2.0d0 + (x * x))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return (2.0 * Math.sinh(x)) / (2.0 + (x * x));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return (2.0 * math.sinh(x)) / (2.0 + (x * x))

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(2.0 * sinh(x)) / Float64(2.0 + Float64(x * x)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (2.0 * sinh(x)) / (2.0 + (x * x));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(N[(2.0 * N[Sinh[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 9.6%

   \[\frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{e^{x} + e^{-x}} \]

2. Taylor expanded in x around 0 8.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{\color{blue}{2 + {x}^{2}}} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow2 8.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{2 + \color{blue}{x \cdot x}} \]

4. Simplified 8.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{\color{blue}{2 + x \cdot x}} \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. expm1-log1p-u 8.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{2 + x \cdot x}\right)\right)} \]

   2. expm1-udef 8.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{2 + x \cdot x}\right)} - 1} \]

   3. sinh-undef 8.3%

      \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \sinh x}}{2 + x \cdot x}\right)} - 1 \]

6. Applied egg-rr 8.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{2 \cdot \sinh x}{2 + x \cdot x}\right)} - 1} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. expm1-def 95.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{2 \cdot \sinh x}{2 + x \cdot x}\right)\right)} \]

   2. expm1-log1p 95.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \sinh x}{2 + x \cdot x}} \]

8. Simplified 95.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \sinh x}{2 + x \cdot x}} \]

9. Final simplification 95.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \sinh x}{2 + x \cdot x} \]

Alternative 5: 96.5% accurate, 3.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x + {x}^{3} \cdot -0.3333333333333333 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ x (* (pow x 3.0) -0.3333333333333333)))

C

double code(double x) {
	return x + (pow(x, 3.0) * -0.3333333333333333);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = x + ((x ** 3.0d0) * (-0.3333333333333333d0))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return x + (Math.pow(x, 3.0) * -0.3333333333333333);
}

Python

def code(x):
	return x + (math.pow(x, 3.0) * -0.3333333333333333)

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(x + Float64((x ^ 3.0) * -0.3333333333333333))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = x + ((x ^ 3.0) * -0.3333333333333333);
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(x + N[(N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 9.6%

   \[\frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{e^{x} + e^{-x}} \]

2. Taylor expanded in x around 0 95.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot {x}^{3} + x} \]

3. Final simplification 95.4%

   \[\leadsto x + {x}^{3} \cdot -0.3333333333333333 \]

Alternative 6: 96.4% accurate, 45.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x + x}{2 + x \cdot x} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (+ x x) (+ 2.0 (* x x))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return (x + x) / (2.0 + (x * x));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (x + x) / (2.0d0 + (x * x))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return (x + x) / (2.0 + (x * x));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return (x + x) / (2.0 + (x * x))

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(x + x) / Float64(2.0 + Float64(x * x)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (x + x) / (2.0 + (x * x));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(N[(x + x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 9.6%

   \[\frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{e^{x} + e^{-x}} \]

2. Taylor expanded in x around 0 8.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{\color{blue}{2 + {x}^{2}}} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow2 8.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{2 + \color{blue}{x \cdot x}} \]

4. Simplified 8.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{\color{blue}{2 + x \cdot x}} \]

5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 95.2%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot x}}{2 + x \cdot x} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. count-2 95.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x + x}}{2 + x \cdot x} \]

7. Simplified 95.2%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x + x}}{2 + x \cdot x} \]

8. Final simplification 95.2%

   \[\leadsto \frac{x + x}{2 + x \cdot x} \]

Alternative 7: 4.1% accurate, 409.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -0.5 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 -0.5)

C

double code(double x) {
	return -0.5;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = -0.5d0
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return -0.5;
}

Python

def code(x):
	return -0.5

Julia

function code(x)
	return -0.5
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = -0.5;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := -0.5

Derivation

1. Initial program 9.6%

   \[\frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{e^{x} + e^{-x}} \]

2. Taylor expanded in x around 0 8.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{\color{blue}{2 + {x}^{2}}} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow2 8.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{2 + \color{blue}{x \cdot x}} \]

4. Simplified 8.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{\color{blue}{2 + x \cdot x}} \]

6. Applied egg-rr 3.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{2 + x \cdot x} \]

7. Taylor expanded in x around 0 4.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5} \]

8. Final simplification 4.0%

   \[\leadsto -0.5 \]

Alternative 8: 96.4% accurate, 409.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 x)

C

double code(double x) {
	return x;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = x
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return x;
}

Python

def code(x):
	return x

Julia

function code(x)
	return x
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = x;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := x

Derivation

1. Initial program 9.6%

   \[\frac{e^{x} - e^{-x}}{e^{x} + e^{-x}} \]

2. Taylor expanded in x around 0 95.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x} \]

3. Final simplification 95.1%

   \[\leadsto x \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2023217 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "Hyperbolic tangent"
  :precision binary64
  (/ (- (exp x) (exp (- x))) (+ (exp x) (exp (- x)))))