
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (- x y) (+ x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (x - y) / (x + y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (x - y) / (x + y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (x - y) / (x + y);
}
def code(x, y): return (x - y) / (x + y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(x + y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (x - y) / (x + y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x - y}{x + y}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 5 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (- x y) (+ x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (x - y) / (x + y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (x - y) / (x + y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (x - y) / (x + y);
}
def code(x, y): return (x - y) / (x + y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(x + y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (x - y) / (x + y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x - y}{x + y}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (- x y) (+ x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (x - y) / (x + y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (x - y) / (x + y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (x - y) / (x + y);
}
def code(x, y): return (x - y) / (x + y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(x + y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (x - y) / (x + y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x - y}{x + y}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.9%
Final simplification99.9%
(FPCore (x y)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (+ 1.0 (* -2.0 (/ y x)))))
(if (<= x -4.3e-131)
t_0
(if (<= x 1.14e-39)
-1.0
(if (<= x 4e-20) 1.0 (if (<= x 1.5e+17) -1.0 t_0))))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x));
double tmp;
if (x <= -4.3e-131) {
tmp = t_0;
} else if (x <= 1.14e-39) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else if (x <= 4e-20) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (x <= 1.5e+17) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = t_0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = 1.0d0 + ((-2.0d0) * (y / x))
if (x <= (-4.3d-131)) then
tmp = t_0
else if (x <= 1.14d-39) then
tmp = -1.0d0
else if (x <= 4d-20) then
tmp = 1.0d0
else if (x <= 1.5d+17) then
tmp = -1.0d0
else
tmp = t_0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x));
double tmp;
if (x <= -4.3e-131) {
tmp = t_0;
} else if (x <= 1.14e-39) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else if (x <= 4e-20) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (x <= 1.5e+17) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = t_0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): t_0 = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x)) tmp = 0 if x <= -4.3e-131: tmp = t_0 elif x <= 1.14e-39: tmp = -1.0 elif x <= 4e-20: tmp = 1.0 elif x <= 1.5e+17: tmp = -1.0 else: tmp = t_0 return tmp
function code(x, y) t_0 = Float64(1.0 + Float64(-2.0 * Float64(y / x))) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -4.3e-131) tmp = t_0; elseif (x <= 1.14e-39) tmp = -1.0; elseif (x <= 4e-20) tmp = 1.0; elseif (x <= 1.5e+17) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = t_0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) t_0 = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x)); tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -4.3e-131) tmp = t_0; elseif (x <= 1.14e-39) tmp = -1.0; elseif (x <= 4e-20) tmp = 1.0; elseif (x <= 1.5e+17) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = t_0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(1.0 + N[(-2.0 * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[x, -4.3e-131], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[x, 1.14e-39], -1.0, If[LessEqual[x, 4e-20], 1.0, If[LessEqual[x, 1.5e+17], -1.0, t$95$0]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 1 + -2 \cdot \frac{y}{x}\\
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -4.3 \cdot 10^{-131}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.14 \cdot 10^{-39}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-20}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{+17}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -4.30000000000000019e-131 or 1.5e17 < x Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 78.7%
if -4.30000000000000019e-131 < x < 1.13999999999999997e-39 or 3.99999999999999978e-20 < x < 1.5e17Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 81.0%
if 1.13999999999999997e-39 < x < 3.99999999999999978e-20Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 100.0%
Final simplification80.2%
(FPCore (x y)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (+ 1.0 (* -2.0 (/ y x)))))
(if (<= x -4.3e-131)
t_0
(if (<= x 7e-40)
(+ (* 2.0 (/ x y)) -1.0)
(if (<= x 9.2e-19) 1.0 (if (<= x 1.8e+16) -1.0 t_0))))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x));
double tmp;
if (x <= -4.3e-131) {
tmp = t_0;
} else if (x <= 7e-40) {
tmp = (2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0;
} else if (x <= 9.2e-19) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (x <= 1.8e+16) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = t_0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = 1.0d0 + ((-2.0d0) * (y / x))
if (x <= (-4.3d-131)) then
tmp = t_0
else if (x <= 7d-40) then
tmp = (2.0d0 * (x / y)) + (-1.0d0)
else if (x <= 9.2d-19) then
tmp = 1.0d0
else if (x <= 1.8d+16) then
tmp = -1.0d0
else
tmp = t_0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double t_0 = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x));
double tmp;
if (x <= -4.3e-131) {
tmp = t_0;
} else if (x <= 7e-40) {
tmp = (2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0;
} else if (x <= 9.2e-19) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (x <= 1.8e+16) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = t_0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): t_0 = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x)) tmp = 0 if x <= -4.3e-131: tmp = t_0 elif x <= 7e-40: tmp = (2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0 elif x <= 9.2e-19: tmp = 1.0 elif x <= 1.8e+16: tmp = -1.0 else: tmp = t_0 return tmp
function code(x, y) t_0 = Float64(1.0 + Float64(-2.0 * Float64(y / x))) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -4.3e-131) tmp = t_0; elseif (x <= 7e-40) tmp = Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64(x / y)) + -1.0); elseif (x <= 9.2e-19) tmp = 1.0; elseif (x <= 1.8e+16) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = t_0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) t_0 = 1.0 + (-2.0 * (y / x)); tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -4.3e-131) tmp = t_0; elseif (x <= 7e-40) tmp = (2.0 * (x / y)) + -1.0; elseif (x <= 9.2e-19) tmp = 1.0; elseif (x <= 1.8e+16) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = t_0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(1.0 + N[(-2.0 * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[x, -4.3e-131], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[x, 7e-40], N[(N[(2.0 * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 9.2e-19], 1.0, If[LessEqual[x, 1.8e+16], -1.0, t$95$0]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 1 + -2 \cdot \frac{y}{x}\\
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -4.3 \cdot 10^{-131}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 7 \cdot 10^{-40}:\\
\;\;\;\;2 \cdot \frac{x}{y} + -1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 9.2 \cdot 10^{-19}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.8 \cdot 10^{+16}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -4.30000000000000019e-131 or 1.8e16 < x Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 78.7%
if -4.30000000000000019e-131 < x < 7.0000000000000003e-40Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 83.6%
if 7.0000000000000003e-40 < x < 9.19999999999999919e-19Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 100.0%
if 9.19999999999999919e-19 < x < 1.8e16Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 75.4%
Final simplification80.9%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -4.3e-131) 1.0 (if (<= x 2e-38) -1.0 (if (<= x 5e-18) 1.0 (if (<= x 3.2e+16) -1.0 1.0)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -4.3e-131) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (x <= 2e-38) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else if (x <= 5e-18) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (x <= 3.2e+16) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-4.3d-131)) then
tmp = 1.0d0
else if (x <= 2d-38) then
tmp = -1.0d0
else if (x <= 5d-18) then
tmp = 1.0d0
else if (x <= 3.2d+16) then
tmp = -1.0d0
else
tmp = 1.0d0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -4.3e-131) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (x <= 2e-38) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else if (x <= 5e-18) {
tmp = 1.0;
} else if (x <= 3.2e+16) {
tmp = -1.0;
} else {
tmp = 1.0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -4.3e-131: tmp = 1.0 elif x <= 2e-38: tmp = -1.0 elif x <= 5e-18: tmp = 1.0 elif x <= 3.2e+16: tmp = -1.0 else: tmp = 1.0 return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -4.3e-131) tmp = 1.0; elseif (x <= 2e-38) tmp = -1.0; elseif (x <= 5e-18) tmp = 1.0; elseif (x <= 3.2e+16) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = 1.0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -4.3e-131) tmp = 1.0; elseif (x <= 2e-38) tmp = -1.0; elseif (x <= 5e-18) tmp = 1.0; elseif (x <= 3.2e+16) tmp = -1.0; else tmp = 1.0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -4.3e-131], 1.0, If[LessEqual[x, 2e-38], -1.0, If[LessEqual[x, 5e-18], 1.0, If[LessEqual[x, 3.2e+16], -1.0, 1.0]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -4.3 \cdot 10^{-131}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-38}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-18}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 3.2 \cdot 10^{+16}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -4.30000000000000019e-131 or 1.9999999999999999e-38 < x < 5.00000000000000036e-18 or 3.2e16 < x Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 77.7%
if -4.30000000000000019e-131 < x < 1.9999999999999999e-38 or 5.00000000000000036e-18 < x < 3.2e16Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 81.0%
Final simplification79.1%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 -1.0)
double code(double x, double y) {
return -1.0;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = -1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return -1.0;
}
def code(x, y): return -1.0
function code(x, y) return -1.0 end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = -1.0; end
code[x_, y_] := -1.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-1
\end{array}
Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 45.4%
Final simplification45.4%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (/ x (+ x y)) (/ y (+ x y))))
double code(double x, double y) {
return (x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y));
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = (x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return (x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y));
}
def code(x, y): return (x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y))
function code(x, y) return Float64(Float64(x / Float64(x + y)) - Float64(y / Float64(x + y))) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = (x / (x + y)) - (y / (x + y)); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x / N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(y / N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x}{x + y} - \frac{y}{x + y}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023213
(FPCore (x y)
:name "Data.Colour.RGB:hslsv from colour-2.3.3, D"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(- (/ x (+ x y)) (/ y (+ x y)))
(/ (- x y) (+ x y)))