
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (- x (sin x)) (tan x)))
double code(double x) {
return (x - sin(x)) / tan(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (x - sin(x)) / tan(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (x - Math.sin(x)) / Math.tan(x);
}
def code(x): return (x - math.sin(x)) / math.tan(x)
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(x - sin(x)) / tan(x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (x - sin(x)) / tan(x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x - N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x - \sin x}{\tan x}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (- x (sin x)) (tan x)))
double code(double x) {
return (x - sin(x)) / tan(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (x - sin(x)) / tan(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (x - Math.sin(x)) / Math.tan(x);
}
def code(x): return (x - math.sin(x)) / math.tan(x)
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(x - sin(x)) / tan(x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (x - sin(x)) / tan(x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(x - N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{x - \sin x}{\tan x}
\end{array}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(fma
(sqrt (* x (* x 0.027777777777777776)))
x
(fma
-0.00023644179894179894
(pow x 8.0)
(fma
-0.06388888888888888
(pow x 4.0)
(* -0.0007275132275132275 (pow x 6.0))))))x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return fma(sqrt((x * (x * 0.027777777777777776))), x, fma(-0.00023644179894179894, pow(x, 8.0), fma(-0.06388888888888888, pow(x, 4.0), (-0.0007275132275132275 * pow(x, 6.0)))));
}
x = abs(x) function code(x) return fma(sqrt(Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.027777777777777776))), x, fma(-0.00023644179894179894, (x ^ 8.0), fma(-0.06388888888888888, (x ^ 4.0), Float64(-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0))))) end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(x * N[(x * 0.027777777777777776), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * x + N[(-0.00023644179894179894 * N[Power[x, 8.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.06388888888888888 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.0007275132275132275 * N[Power[x, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.027777777777777776\right)}, x, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.00023644179894179894, {x}^{8}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.06388888888888888, {x}^{4}, -0.0007275132275132275 \cdot {x}^{6}\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 50.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.7%
pow299.7%
associate-*r*99.7%
fma-def99.7%
fma-def99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
fma-def99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
add-sqr-sqrt49.7%
sqrt-unprod74.3%
*-commutative74.3%
*-commutative74.3%
swap-sqr74.3%
metadata-eval74.3%
Applied egg-rr74.3%
associate-*l*74.4%
Simplified74.4%
Final simplification74.4%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (+ (* 0.16666666666666666 (* x x)) (* -0.00023644179894179894 (pow x 8.0))) (+ (* -0.0007275132275132275 (pow x 6.0)) (* -0.06388888888888888 (pow x 4.0)))))
x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return ((0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)) + (-0.00023644179894179894 * pow(x, 8.0))) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * pow(x, 6.0)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * pow(x, 4.0)));
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((0.16666666666666666d0 * (x * x)) + ((-0.00023644179894179894d0) * (x ** 8.0d0))) + (((-0.0007275132275132275d0) * (x ** 6.0d0)) + ((-0.06388888888888888d0) * (x ** 4.0d0)))
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
return ((0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)) + (-0.00023644179894179894 * Math.pow(x, 8.0))) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * Math.pow(x, 6.0)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * Math.pow(x, 4.0)));
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): return ((0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)) + (-0.00023644179894179894 * math.pow(x, 8.0))) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * math.pow(x, 6.0)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * math.pow(x, 4.0)))
x = abs(x) function code(x) return Float64(Float64(Float64(0.16666666666666666 * Float64(x * x)) + Float64(-0.00023644179894179894 * (x ^ 8.0))) + Float64(Float64(-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0)) + Float64(-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0)))) end
x = abs(x) function tmp = code(x) tmp = ((0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)) + (-0.00023644179894179894 * (x ^ 8.0))) + ((-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0))); end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(0.16666666666666666 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.00023644179894179894 * N[Power[x, 8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.0007275132275132275 * N[Power[x, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.06388888888888888 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
\left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) + -0.00023644179894179894 \cdot {x}^{8}\right) + \left(-0.0007275132275132275 \cdot {x}^{6} + -0.06388888888888888 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 50.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.7%
pow299.7%
associate-*r*99.7%
fma-def99.7%
fma-def99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
fma-def99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
fma-udef99.7%
associate-*r*99.7%
fma-udef99.7%
associate-+r+99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.7%
Final simplification99.7%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (+ (* -0.0007275132275132275 (pow x 6.0)) (* -0.06388888888888888 (pow x 4.0))) (* x (sqrt (* 0.027777777777777776 (* x x))))))
x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return ((-0.0007275132275132275 * pow(x, 6.0)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * pow(x, 4.0))) + (x * sqrt((0.027777777777777776 * (x * x))));
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (((-0.0007275132275132275d0) * (x ** 6.0d0)) + ((-0.06388888888888888d0) * (x ** 4.0d0))) + (x * sqrt((0.027777777777777776d0 * (x * x))))
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
return ((-0.0007275132275132275 * Math.pow(x, 6.0)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * Math.pow(x, 4.0))) + (x * Math.sqrt((0.027777777777777776 * (x * x))));
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): return ((-0.0007275132275132275 * math.pow(x, 6.0)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * math.pow(x, 4.0))) + (x * math.sqrt((0.027777777777777776 * (x * x))))
x = abs(x) function code(x) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0)) + Float64(-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0))) + Float64(x * sqrt(Float64(0.027777777777777776 * Float64(x * x))))) end
x = abs(x) function tmp = code(x) tmp = ((-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0))) + (x * sqrt((0.027777777777777776 * (x * x)))); end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(-0.0007275132275132275 * N[Power[x, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.06388888888888888 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * N[Sqrt[N[(0.027777777777777776 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
\left(-0.0007275132275132275 \cdot {x}^{6} + -0.06388888888888888 \cdot {x}^{4}\right) + x \cdot \sqrt{0.027777777777777776 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 50.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.6%
pow299.6%
add-exp-log95.2%
Applied egg-rr95.2%
add-exp-log99.6%
associate-*r*99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
add-sqr-sqrt49.7%
sqrt-unprod74.3%
*-commutative74.3%
*-commutative74.3%
swap-sqr74.3%
metadata-eval74.3%
Applied egg-rr74.3%
Final simplification74.3%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (+ (* -0.0007275132275132275 (pow x 6.0)) (* -0.06388888888888888 (pow x 4.0))) (* 0.16666666666666666 (pow x 2.0))))
x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return ((-0.0007275132275132275 * pow(x, 6.0)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * pow(x, 4.0))) + (0.16666666666666666 * pow(x, 2.0));
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (((-0.0007275132275132275d0) * (x ** 6.0d0)) + ((-0.06388888888888888d0) * (x ** 4.0d0))) + (0.16666666666666666d0 * (x ** 2.0d0))
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
return ((-0.0007275132275132275 * Math.pow(x, 6.0)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * Math.pow(x, 4.0))) + (0.16666666666666666 * Math.pow(x, 2.0));
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): return ((-0.0007275132275132275 * math.pow(x, 6.0)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * math.pow(x, 4.0))) + (0.16666666666666666 * math.pow(x, 2.0))
x = abs(x) function code(x) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0)) + Float64(-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0))) + Float64(0.16666666666666666 * (x ^ 2.0))) end
x = abs(x) function tmp = code(x) tmp = ((-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0))) + (0.16666666666666666 * (x ^ 2.0)); end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(-0.0007275132275132275 * N[Power[x, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.06388888888888888 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(0.16666666666666666 * N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
\left(-0.0007275132275132275 \cdot {x}^{6} + -0.06388888888888888 \cdot {x}^{4}\right) + 0.16666666666666666 \cdot {x}^{2}
\end{array}
Initial program 50.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (+ (* -0.0007275132275132275 (pow x 6.0)) (* -0.06388888888888888 (pow x 4.0))) (* x (* x 0.16666666666666666))))
x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return ((-0.0007275132275132275 * pow(x, 6.0)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * pow(x, 4.0))) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666));
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (((-0.0007275132275132275d0) * (x ** 6.0d0)) + ((-0.06388888888888888d0) * (x ** 4.0d0))) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666d0))
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
return ((-0.0007275132275132275 * Math.pow(x, 6.0)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * Math.pow(x, 4.0))) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666));
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): return ((-0.0007275132275132275 * math.pow(x, 6.0)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * math.pow(x, 4.0))) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666))
x = abs(x) function code(x) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0)) + Float64(-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0))) + Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.16666666666666666))) end
x = abs(x) function tmp = code(x) tmp = ((-0.0007275132275132275 * (x ^ 6.0)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0))) + (x * (x * 0.16666666666666666)); end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(-0.0007275132275132275 * N[Power[x, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.06388888888888888 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * N[(x * 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
\left(-0.0007275132275132275 \cdot {x}^{6} + -0.06388888888888888 \cdot {x}^{4}\right) + x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.16666666666666666\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 50.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.6%
pow299.6%
add-exp-log95.2%
Applied egg-rr95.2%
add-exp-log99.6%
associate-*r*99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (fma 0.16666666666666666 (* x x) (* -0.06388888888888888 (pow x 4.0))))
x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return fma(0.16666666666666666, (x * x), (-0.06388888888888888 * pow(x, 4.0)));
}
x = abs(x) function code(x) return fma(0.16666666666666666, Float64(x * x), Float64(-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0))) end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := N[(0.16666666666666666 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.06388888888888888 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, x \cdot x, -0.06388888888888888 \cdot {x}^{4}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 50.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.3%
fma-def99.3%
unpow299.3%
Simplified99.3%
Final simplification99.3%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (* 0.16666666666666666 (* x x)) (* -0.06388888888888888 (pow x 4.0))))
x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return (0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * pow(x, 4.0));
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (0.16666666666666666d0 * (x * x)) + ((-0.06388888888888888d0) * (x ** 4.0d0))
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
return (0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * Math.pow(x, 4.0));
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): return (0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * math.pow(x, 4.0))
x = abs(x) function code(x) return Float64(Float64(0.16666666666666666 * Float64(x * x)) + Float64(-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0))) end
x = abs(x) function tmp = code(x) tmp = (0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)) + (-0.06388888888888888 * (x ^ 4.0)); end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := N[(N[(0.16666666666666666 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.06388888888888888 * N[Power[x, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right) + -0.06388888888888888 \cdot {x}^{4}
\end{array}
Initial program 50.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.3%
fma-def99.3%
unpow299.3%
Simplified99.3%
fma-udef99.3%
Applied egg-rr99.3%
Final simplification99.3%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* x (sqrt (* x (* x 0.027777777777777776)))))
x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return x * sqrt((x * (x * 0.027777777777777776)));
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = x * sqrt((x * (x * 0.027777777777777776d0)))
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
return x * Math.sqrt((x * (x * 0.027777777777777776)));
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): return x * math.sqrt((x * (x * 0.027777777777777776)))
x = abs(x) function code(x) return Float64(x * sqrt(Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.027777777777777776)))) end
x = abs(x) function tmp = code(x) tmp = x * sqrt((x * (x * 0.027777777777777776))); end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := N[(x * N[Sqrt[N[(x * N[(x * 0.027777777777777776), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
x \cdot \sqrt{x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.027777777777777776\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 50.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.7%
pow299.7%
associate-*r*99.7%
fma-def99.7%
fma-def99.7%
+-commutative99.7%
fma-def99.7%
Applied egg-rr99.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.6%
unpow298.6%
*-commutative98.6%
associate-*l*98.6%
Simplified98.6%
add-sqr-sqrt49.0%
sqrt-unprod73.6%
swap-sqr73.6%
metadata-eval73.6%
associate-*r*73.7%
Applied egg-rr73.7%
Final simplification73.7%
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 0.16666666666666666 (* x x)))
x = abs(x);
double code(double x) {
return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x);
}
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.16666666666666666d0 * (x * x)
end function
x = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x);
}
x = abs(x) def code(x): return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)
x = abs(x) function code(x) return Float64(0.16666666666666666 * Float64(x * x)) end
x = abs(x) function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x); end
NOTE: x should be positive before calling this function code[x_] := N[(0.16666666666666666 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x = |x|\\
\\
0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 50.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.6%
unpow298.6%
Simplified98.6%
Final simplification98.6%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 0.16666666666666666 (* x x)))
double code(double x) {
return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.16666666666666666d0 * (x * x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x);
}
def code(x): return 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x)
function code(x) return Float64(0.16666666666666666 * Float64(x * x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 0.16666666666666666 * (x * x); end
code[x_] := N[(0.16666666666666666 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023208
(FPCore (x)
:name "ENA, Section 1.4, Exercise 4a"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (<= -1.0 x) (<= x 1.0))
:herbie-target
(* 0.16666666666666666 (* x x))
(/ (- x (sin x)) (tan x)))