expq3 (problem 3.4.2)

Percentage Accurate: 6.5% → 99.2%
Time: 12.2s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 107.0×

Specification

?
\[-1 < \varepsilon \land \varepsilon < 1\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b eps)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (* eps (- (exp (* (+ a b) eps)) 1.0))
  (* (- (exp (* a eps)) 1.0) (- (exp (* b eps)) 1.0))))
double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return (eps * (exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (exp((b * eps)) - 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = (eps * (exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0d0)) / ((exp((a * eps)) - 1.0d0) * (exp((b * eps)) - 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return (eps * (Math.exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((Math.exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (Math.exp((b * eps)) - 1.0));
}
def code(a, b, eps):
	return (eps * (math.exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((math.exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (math.exp((b * eps)) - 1.0))
function code(a, b, eps)
	return Float64(Float64(eps * Float64(exp(Float64(Float64(a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / Float64(Float64(exp(Float64(a * eps)) - 1.0) * Float64(exp(Float64(b * eps)) - 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, eps)
	tmp = (eps * (exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (exp((b * eps)) - 1.0));
end
code[a_, b_, eps_] := N[(N[(eps * N[(N[Exp[N[(N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision] * eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Exp[N[(a * eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Exp[N[(b * eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 6.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b eps)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (* eps (- (exp (* (+ a b) eps)) 1.0))
  (* (- (exp (* a eps)) 1.0) (- (exp (* b eps)) 1.0))))
double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return (eps * (exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (exp((b * eps)) - 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = (eps * (exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0d0)) / ((exp((a * eps)) - 1.0d0) * (exp((b * eps)) - 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return (eps * (Math.exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((Math.exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (Math.exp((b * eps)) - 1.0));
}
def code(a, b, eps):
	return (eps * (math.exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((math.exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (math.exp((b * eps)) - 1.0))
function code(a, b, eps)
	return Float64(Float64(eps * Float64(exp(Float64(Float64(a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / Float64(Float64(exp(Float64(a * eps)) - 1.0) * Float64(exp(Float64(b * eps)) - 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, eps)
	tmp = (eps * (exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (exp((b * eps)) - 1.0));
end
code[a_, b_, eps_] := N[(N[(eps * N[(N[Exp[N[(N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision] * eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Exp[N[(a * eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Exp[N[(b * eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.2% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\\ t_1 := \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{t_0} + -1\right)}{\left(e^{\varepsilon \cdot a} + -1\right) \cdot \left(e^{\varepsilon \cdot b} + -1\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t_1 \leq -\infty \lor \neg \left(t_1 \leq 10^{-68}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(t_0\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot b\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a b eps)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* eps (+ a b)))
        (t_1
         (/
          (* eps (+ (exp t_0) -1.0))
          (* (+ (exp (* eps a)) -1.0) (+ (exp (* eps b)) -1.0)))))
   (if (or (<= t_1 (- INFINITY)) (not (<= t_1 1e-68)))
     (+ (/ 1.0 b) (/ 1.0 a))
     (* (/ eps (expm1 (* eps a))) (/ (expm1 t_0) (expm1 (* eps b)))))))
assert(a < b);
double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	double t_0 = eps * (a + b);
	double t_1 = (eps * (exp(t_0) + -1.0)) / ((exp((eps * a)) + -1.0) * (exp((eps * b)) + -1.0));
	double tmp;
	if ((t_1 <= -((double) INFINITY)) || !(t_1 <= 1e-68)) {
		tmp = (1.0 / b) + (1.0 / a);
	} else {
		tmp = (eps / expm1((eps * a))) * (expm1(t_0) / expm1((eps * b)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
assert a < b;
public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	double t_0 = eps * (a + b);
	double t_1 = (eps * (Math.exp(t_0) + -1.0)) / ((Math.exp((eps * a)) + -1.0) * (Math.exp((eps * b)) + -1.0));
	double tmp;
	if ((t_1 <= -Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) || !(t_1 <= 1e-68)) {
		tmp = (1.0 / b) + (1.0 / a);
	} else {
		tmp = (eps / Math.expm1((eps * a))) * (Math.expm1(t_0) / Math.expm1((eps * b)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
[a, b] = sort([a, b])
def code(a, b, eps):
	t_0 = eps * (a + b)
	t_1 = (eps * (math.exp(t_0) + -1.0)) / ((math.exp((eps * a)) + -1.0) * (math.exp((eps * b)) + -1.0))
	tmp = 0
	if (t_1 <= -math.inf) or not (t_1 <= 1e-68):
		tmp = (1.0 / b) + (1.0 / a)
	else:
		tmp = (eps / math.expm1((eps * a))) * (math.expm1(t_0) / math.expm1((eps * b)))
	return tmp
a, b = sort([a, b])
function code(a, b, eps)
	t_0 = Float64(eps * Float64(a + b))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(eps * Float64(exp(t_0) + -1.0)) / Float64(Float64(exp(Float64(eps * a)) + -1.0) * Float64(exp(Float64(eps * b)) + -1.0)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((t_1 <= Float64(-Inf)) || !(t_1 <= 1e-68))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(1.0 / b) + Float64(1.0 / a));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(eps / expm1(Float64(eps * a))) * Float64(expm1(t_0) / expm1(Float64(eps * b))));
	end
	return tmp
end
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a_, b_, eps_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(eps * N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(eps * N[(N[Exp[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Exp[N[(eps * a), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Exp[N[(eps * b), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Or[LessEqual[t$95$1, (-Infinity)], N[Not[LessEqual[t$95$1, 1e-68]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(eps / N[(Exp[N[(eps * a), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(Exp[t$95$0] - 1), $MachinePrecision] / N[(Exp[N[(eps * b), $MachinePrecision]] - 1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
[a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\\
t_1 := \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{t_0} + -1\right)}{\left(e^{\varepsilon \cdot a} + -1\right) \cdot \left(e^{\varepsilon \cdot b} + -1\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t_1 \leq -\infty \lor \neg \left(t_1 \leq 10^{-68}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{a}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(t_0\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot b\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (/.f64 (*.f64 eps (-.f64 (exp.f64 (*.f64 (+.f64 a b) eps)) 1)) (*.f64 (-.f64 (exp.f64 (*.f64 a eps)) 1) (-.f64 (exp.f64 (*.f64 b eps)) 1))) < -inf.0 or 1.00000000000000007e-68 < (/.f64 (*.f64 eps (-.f64 (exp.f64 (*.f64 (+.f64 a b) eps)) 1)) (*.f64 (-.f64 (exp.f64 (*.f64 a eps)) 1) (-.f64 (exp.f64 (*.f64 b eps)) 1)))

    1. Initial program 0.6%

      \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac0.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}} \]
      2. expm1-def9.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(a \cdot \varepsilon\right)}} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
      3. *-commutative9.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot a}\right)} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
      4. expm1-def11.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)}}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
      5. *-commutative11.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)}\right)}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
      6. expm1-def50.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(b \cdot \varepsilon\right)}} \]
      7. *-commutative50.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot b}\right)} \]
    3. Simplified50.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot b\right)}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in eps around 0 76.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a + b}{a \cdot b}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in a around 0 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{a}} \]

    if -inf.0 < (/.f64 (*.f64 eps (-.f64 (exp.f64 (*.f64 (+.f64 a b) eps)) 1)) (*.f64 (-.f64 (exp.f64 (*.f64 a eps)) 1) (-.f64 (exp.f64 (*.f64 b eps)) 1))) < 1.00000000000000007e-68

    1. Initial program 99.3%

      \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac99.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}} \]
      2. expm1-def99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(a \cdot \varepsilon\right)}} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
      3. *-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot a}\right)} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
      4. expm1-def99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)}}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
      5. *-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)}\right)}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
      6. expm1-def99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(b \cdot \varepsilon\right)}} \]
      7. *-commutative99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot b}\right)} \]
    3. Simplified99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot b\right)}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification100.0%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)} + -1\right)}{\left(e^{\varepsilon \cdot a} + -1\right) \cdot \left(e^{\varepsilon \cdot b} + -1\right)} \leq -\infty \lor \neg \left(\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)} + -1\right)}{\left(e^{\varepsilon \cdot a} + -1\right) \cdot \left(e^{\varepsilon \cdot b} + -1\right)} \leq 10^{-68}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot b\right)}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 2: 95.1% accurate, 29.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\ \\ \left(\frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{a}\right) - \varepsilon \cdot 0.5 \end{array} \]
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a b eps) :precision binary64 (- (+ (/ 1.0 b) (/ 1.0 a)) (* eps 0.5)))
assert(a < b);
double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return ((1.0 / b) + (1.0 / a)) - (eps * 0.5);
}
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = ((1.0d0 / b) + (1.0d0 / a)) - (eps * 0.5d0)
end function
assert a < b;
public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return ((1.0 / b) + (1.0 / a)) - (eps * 0.5);
}
[a, b] = sort([a, b])
def code(a, b, eps):
	return ((1.0 / b) + (1.0 / a)) - (eps * 0.5)
a, b = sort([a, b])
function code(a, b, eps)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / b) + Float64(1.0 / a)) - Float64(eps * 0.5))
end
a, b = num2cell(sort([a, b])){:}
function tmp = code(a, b, eps)
	tmp = ((1.0 / b) + (1.0 / a)) - (eps * 0.5);
end
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a_, b_, eps_] := N[(N[(N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(eps * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
[a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\
\\
\left(\frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{a}\right) - \varepsilon \cdot 0.5
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.6%

    \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. times-frac5.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}} \]
    2. expm1-def14.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(a \cdot \varepsilon\right)}} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
    3. *-commutative14.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot a}\right)} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
    4. expm1-def15.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)}}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
    5. *-commutative15.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)}\right)}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
    6. expm1-def53.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(b \cdot \varepsilon\right)}} \]
    7. *-commutative53.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot b}\right)} \]
  3. Simplified53.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot b\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in eps around 0 55.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a + b}{b}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{a}\right) - 0.5 \cdot \varepsilon} \]
  6. Final simplification95.5%

    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{a}\right) - \varepsilon \cdot 0.5 \]

Alternative 3: 94.6% accurate, 45.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\ \\ \frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{a} \end{array} \]
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a b eps) :precision binary64 (+ (/ 1.0 b) (/ 1.0 a)))
assert(a < b);
double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return (1.0 / b) + (1.0 / a);
}
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = (1.0d0 / b) + (1.0d0 / a)
end function
assert a < b;
public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return (1.0 / b) + (1.0 / a);
}
[a, b] = sort([a, b])
def code(a, b, eps):
	return (1.0 / b) + (1.0 / a)
a, b = sort([a, b])
function code(a, b, eps)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / b) + Float64(1.0 / a))
end
a, b = num2cell(sort([a, b])){:}
function tmp = code(a, b, eps)
	tmp = (1.0 / b) + (1.0 / a);
end
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a_, b_, eps_] := N[(N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
[a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\
\\
\frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{a}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.6%

    \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. times-frac5.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}} \]
    2. expm1-def14.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(a \cdot \varepsilon\right)}} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
    3. *-commutative14.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot a}\right)} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
    4. expm1-def15.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)}}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
    5. *-commutative15.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)}\right)}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
    6. expm1-def53.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(b \cdot \varepsilon\right)}} \]
    7. *-commutative53.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot b}\right)} \]
  3. Simplified53.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot b\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in eps around 0 74.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a + b}{a \cdot b}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{a}} \]
  6. Final simplification95.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{a} \]

Alternative 4: 77.8% accurate, 63.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -2.8 \cdot 10^{-150}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a b eps)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= a -2.8e-150) (/ 1.0 b) (/ 1.0 a)))
assert(a < b);
double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -2.8e-150) {
		tmp = 1.0 / b;
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0 / a;
	}
	return tmp;
}
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (a <= (-2.8d-150)) then
        tmp = 1.0d0 / b
    else
        tmp = 1.0d0 / a
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
assert a < b;
public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -2.8e-150) {
		tmp = 1.0 / b;
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0 / a;
	}
	return tmp;
}
[a, b] = sort([a, b])
def code(a, b, eps):
	tmp = 0
	if a <= -2.8e-150:
		tmp = 1.0 / b
	else:
		tmp = 1.0 / a
	return tmp
a, b = sort([a, b])
function code(a, b, eps)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -2.8e-150)
		tmp = Float64(1.0 / b);
	else
		tmp = Float64(1.0 / a);
	end
	return tmp
end
a, b = num2cell(sort([a, b])){:}
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, eps)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (a <= -2.8e-150)
		tmp = 1.0 / b;
	else
		tmp = 1.0 / a;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a_, b_, eps_] := If[LessEqual[a, -2.8e-150], N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
[a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -2.8 \cdot 10^{-150}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{1}{b}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{1}{a}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -2.79999999999999996e-150

    1. Initial program 6.8%

      \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac6.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}} \]
      2. expm1-def17.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(a \cdot \varepsilon\right)}} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
      3. *-commutative17.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot a}\right)} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
      4. expm1-def18.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)}}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
      5. *-commutative18.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)}\right)}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
      6. expm1-def63.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(b \cdot \varepsilon\right)}} \]
      7. *-commutative63.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot b}\right)} \]
    3. Simplified63.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot b\right)}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in b around 0 67.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b}} \]

    if -2.79999999999999996e-150 < a

    1. Initial program 5.0%

      \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac5.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}} \]
      2. expm1-def12.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(a \cdot \varepsilon\right)}} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
      3. *-commutative12.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot a}\right)} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
      4. expm1-def14.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)}}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
      5. *-commutative14.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)}\right)}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
      6. expm1-def48.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(b \cdot \varepsilon\right)}} \]
      7. *-commutative48.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot b}\right)} \]
    3. Simplified48.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot b\right)}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in eps around 0 71.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a + b}{a \cdot b}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in a around 0 58.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification61.1%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -2.8 \cdot 10^{-150}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{a}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5: 3.2% accurate, 107.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\ \\ \varepsilon \cdot -0.5 \end{array} \]
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a b eps) :precision binary64 (* eps -0.5))
assert(a < b);
double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return eps * -0.5;
}
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = eps * (-0.5d0)
end function
assert a < b;
public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return eps * -0.5;
}
[a, b] = sort([a, b])
def code(a, b, eps):
	return eps * -0.5
a, b = sort([a, b])
function code(a, b, eps)
	return Float64(eps * -0.5)
end
a, b = num2cell(sort([a, b])){:}
function tmp = code(a, b, eps)
	tmp = eps * -0.5;
end
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a_, b_, eps_] := N[(eps * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
[a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\
\\
\varepsilon \cdot -0.5
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.6%

    \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. times-frac5.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}} \]
    2. expm1-def14.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(a \cdot \varepsilon\right)}} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
    3. *-commutative14.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot a}\right)} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
    4. expm1-def15.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)}}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
    5. *-commutative15.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)}\right)}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
    6. expm1-def53.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(b \cdot \varepsilon\right)}} \]
    7. *-commutative53.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot b}\right)} \]
  3. Simplified53.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot b\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in eps around 0 55.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a + b}{b}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in a around 0 95.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{a}\right) - 0.5 \cdot \varepsilon} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in b around inf 48.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}} - 0.5 \cdot \varepsilon \]
  7. Taylor expanded in a around inf 3.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot \varepsilon} \]
  8. Final simplification3.0%

    \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot -0.5 \]

Alternative 6: 48.6% accurate, 107.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\ \\ \frac{1}{a} \end{array} \]
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a b eps) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 a))
assert(a < b);
double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return 1.0 / a;
}
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = 1.0d0 / a
end function
assert a < b;
public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return 1.0 / a;
}
[a, b] = sort([a, b])
def code(a, b, eps):
	return 1.0 / a
a, b = sort([a, b])
function code(a, b, eps)
	return Float64(1.0 / a)
end
a, b = num2cell(sort([a, b])){:}
function tmp = code(a, b, eps)
	tmp = 1.0 / a;
end
NOTE: a and b should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a_, b_, eps_] := N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
[a, b] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b])\\
\\
\frac{1}{a}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 5.6%

    \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. times-frac5.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}} \]
    2. expm1-def14.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(a \cdot \varepsilon\right)}} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
    3. *-commutative14.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot a}\right)} \cdot \frac{e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
    4. expm1-def15.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)}}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
    5. *-commutative15.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)}\right)}{e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1} \]
    6. expm1-def53.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(b \cdot \varepsilon\right)}} \]
    7. *-commutative53.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot b}\right)} \]
  3. Simplified53.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot b\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in eps around 0 74.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a + b}{a \cdot b}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in a around 0 48.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}} \]
  6. Final simplification48.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{a} \]

Developer target: 77.1% accurate, 45.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{a + b}{a \cdot b} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b eps) :precision binary64 (/ (+ a b) (* a b)))
double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return (a + b) / (a * b);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = (a + b) / (a * b)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return (a + b) / (a * b);
}
def code(a, b, eps):
	return (a + b) / (a * b)
function code(a, b, eps)
	return Float64(Float64(a + b) / Float64(a * b))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, eps)
	tmp = (a + b) / (a * b);
end
code[a_, b_, eps_] := N[(N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{a + b}{a \cdot b}
\end{array}

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2023207 
(FPCore (a b eps)
  :name "expq3 (problem 3.4.2)"
  :precision binary64
  :pre (and (< -1.0 eps) (< eps 1.0))

  :herbie-target
  (/ (+ a b) (* a b))

  (/ (* eps (- (exp (* (+ a b) eps)) 1.0)) (* (- (exp (* a eps)) 1.0) (- (exp (* b eps)) 1.0))))