
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = log((1.0d0 + exp(x))) - (x * y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return Math.log((1.0 + Math.exp(x))) - (x * y);
}
def code(x, y): return math.log((1.0 + math.exp(x))) - (x * y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(log(Float64(1.0 + exp(x))) - Float64(x * y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(1 + e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 6 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = log((1.0d0 + exp(x))) - (x * y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return Math.log((1.0 + Math.exp(x))) - (x * y);
}
def code(x, y): return math.log((1.0 + math.exp(x))) - (x * y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(log(Float64(1.0 + exp(x))) - Float64(x * y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(1 + e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (log1p (exp x)) (* x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return log1p(exp(x)) - (x * y);
}
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return Math.log1p(Math.exp(x)) - (x * y);
}
def code(x, y): return math.log1p(math.exp(x)) - (x * y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(log1p(exp(x)) - Float64(x * y)) end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[Log[1 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y
\end{array}
Initial program 99.2%
log1p-def99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (x y)
:precision binary64
(if (<= x -8.6e-31)
(* y (- x))
(if (or (<= x 2.6e-142) (and (not (<= x 2.6e-109)) (<= x 2.8e-58)))
(log 2.0)
(* x (- 0.5 y)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -8.6e-31) {
tmp = y * -x;
} else if ((x <= 2.6e-142) || (!(x <= 2.6e-109) && (x <= 2.8e-58))) {
tmp = log(2.0);
} else {
tmp = x * (0.5 - y);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-8.6d-31)) then
tmp = y * -x
else if ((x <= 2.6d-142) .or. (.not. (x <= 2.6d-109)) .and. (x <= 2.8d-58)) then
tmp = log(2.0d0)
else
tmp = x * (0.5d0 - y)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -8.6e-31) {
tmp = y * -x;
} else if ((x <= 2.6e-142) || (!(x <= 2.6e-109) && (x <= 2.8e-58))) {
tmp = Math.log(2.0);
} else {
tmp = x * (0.5 - y);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -8.6e-31: tmp = y * -x elif (x <= 2.6e-142) or (not (x <= 2.6e-109) and (x <= 2.8e-58)): tmp = math.log(2.0) else: tmp = x * (0.5 - y) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -8.6e-31) tmp = Float64(y * Float64(-x)); elseif ((x <= 2.6e-142) || (!(x <= 2.6e-109) && (x <= 2.8e-58))) tmp = log(2.0); else tmp = Float64(x * Float64(0.5 - y)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -8.6e-31) tmp = y * -x; elseif ((x <= 2.6e-142) || (~((x <= 2.6e-109)) && (x <= 2.8e-58))) tmp = log(2.0); else tmp = x * (0.5 - y); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -8.6e-31], N[(y * (-x)), $MachinePrecision], If[Or[LessEqual[x, 2.6e-142], And[N[Not[LessEqual[x, 2.6e-109]], $MachinePrecision], LessEqual[x, 2.8e-58]]], N[Log[2.0], $MachinePrecision], N[(x * N[(0.5 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -8.6 \cdot 10^{-31}:\\
\;\;\;\;y \cdot \left(-x\right)\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{-142} \lor \neg \left(x \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{-109}\right) \land x \leq 2.8 \cdot 10^{-58}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log 2\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(0.5 - y\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -8.6e-31Initial program 99.0%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 97.9%
mul-1-neg97.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-out97.9%
Simplified97.9%
if -8.6e-31 < x < 2.6e-142 or 2.5999999999999998e-109 < x < 2.8000000000000001e-58Initial program 100.0%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
expm1-log1p-u100.0%
expm1-udef98.7%
log1p-udef98.7%
add-exp-log98.7%
Applied egg-rr98.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.7%
+-commutative98.7%
Simplified98.7%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 84.2%
if 2.6e-142 < x < 2.5999999999999998e-109 or 2.8000000000000001e-58 < x Initial program 96.8%
log1p-def96.8%
Simplified96.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 97.3%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 85.5%
Final simplification89.4%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -1.4) (* y (- x)) (+ (* x (- 0.5 y)) (log 2.0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.4) {
tmp = y * -x;
} else {
tmp = (x * (0.5 - y)) + log(2.0);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-1.4d0)) then
tmp = y * -x
else
tmp = (x * (0.5d0 - y)) + log(2.0d0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -1.4) {
tmp = y * -x;
} else {
tmp = (x * (0.5 - y)) + Math.log(2.0);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -1.4: tmp = y * -x else: tmp = (x * (0.5 - y)) + math.log(2.0) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -1.4) tmp = Float64(y * Float64(-x)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(x * Float64(0.5 - y)) + log(2.0)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -1.4) tmp = y * -x; else tmp = (x * (0.5 - y)) + log(2.0); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -1.4], N[(y * (-x)), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(x * N[(0.5 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1.4:\\
\;\;\;\;y \cdot \left(-x\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(0.5 - y\right) + \log 2\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1.3999999999999999Initial program 98.9%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.9%
mul-1-neg98.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-out98.9%
Simplified98.9%
if -1.3999999999999999 < x Initial program 99.4%
log1p-def99.4%
Simplified99.4%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.5%
Final simplification99.3%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -100.0) (* y (- x)) (- (log 2.0) (* x y))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -100.0) {
tmp = y * -x;
} else {
tmp = log(2.0) - (x * y);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-100.0d0)) then
tmp = y * -x
else
tmp = log(2.0d0) - (x * y)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -100.0) {
tmp = y * -x;
} else {
tmp = Math.log(2.0) - (x * y);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -100.0: tmp = y * -x else: tmp = math.log(2.0) - (x * y) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -100.0) tmp = Float64(y * Float64(-x)); else tmp = Float64(log(2.0) - Float64(x * y)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -100.0) tmp = y * -x; else tmp = log(2.0) - (x * y); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -100.0], N[(y * (-x)), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Log[2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -100:\\
\;\;\;\;y \cdot \left(-x\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log 2 - x \cdot y\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -100Initial program 100.0%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 100.0%
mul-1-neg100.0%
distribute-rgt-neg-out100.0%
Simplified100.0%
if -100 < x Initial program 98.8%
log1p-def99.4%
Simplified99.4%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 98.7%
Final simplification99.2%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (* y (- x)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return y * -x;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = y * -x
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return y * -x;
}
def code(x, y): return y * -x
function code(x, y) return Float64(y * Float64(-x)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = y * -x; end
code[x_, y_] := N[(y * (-x)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
y \cdot \left(-x\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.2%
log1p-def99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 55.4%
mul-1-neg55.4%
distribute-rgt-neg-out55.4%
Simplified55.4%
Final simplification55.4%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (* x 0.5))
double code(double x, double y) {
return x * 0.5;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = x * 0.5d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return x * 0.5;
}
def code(x, y): return x * 0.5
function code(x, y) return Float64(x * 0.5) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = x * 0.5; end
code[x_, y_] := N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot 0.5
\end{array}
Initial program 99.2%
log1p-def99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 83.5%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 46.8%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 3.4%
*-commutative3.4%
Simplified3.4%
Final simplification3.4%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 0.0) (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)) (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp (- x)))) (* (- x) (- 1.0 y)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 0.0) {
tmp = log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y);
} else {
tmp = log((1.0 + exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0 - y));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 0.0d0) then
tmp = log((1.0d0 + exp(x))) - (x * y)
else
tmp = log((1.0d0 + exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0d0 - y))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 0.0) {
tmp = Math.log((1.0 + Math.exp(x))) - (x * y);
} else {
tmp = Math.log((1.0 + Math.exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0 - y));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= 0.0: tmp = math.log((1.0 + math.exp(x))) - (x * y) else: tmp = math.log((1.0 + math.exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0 - y)) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 0.0) tmp = Float64(log(Float64(1.0 + exp(x))) - Float64(x * y)); else tmp = Float64(log(Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-x)))) - Float64(Float64(-x) * Float64(1.0 - y))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 0.0) tmp = log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y); else tmp = log((1.0 + exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0 - y)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, 0.0], N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-x)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[((-x) * N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(1 + e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(1 + e^{-x}\right) - \left(-x\right) \cdot \left(1 - y\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023200
(FPCore (x y)
:name "Logistic regression 2"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(if (<= x 0.0) (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)) (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp (- x)))) (* (- x) (- 1.0 y))))
(- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)))