
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return sin((x + eps)) - sin(x);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = sin((x + eps)) - sin(x)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return Math.sin((x + eps)) - Math.sin(x);
}
def code(x, eps): return math.sin((x + eps)) - math.sin(x)
function code(x, eps) return Float64(sin(Float64(x + eps)) - sin(x)) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = sin((x + eps)) - sin(x); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Sin[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 7 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return sin((x + eps)) - sin(x);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = sin((x + eps)) - sin(x)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return Math.sin((x + eps)) - Math.sin(x);
}
def code(x, eps): return math.sin((x + eps)) - math.sin(x)
function code(x, eps) return Float64(sin(Float64(x + eps)) - sin(x)) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = sin((x + eps)) - sin(x); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Sin[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x
\end{array}
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (fma (+ (cos eps) -1.0) (sin x) (* (sin eps) (cos x))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return fma((cos(eps) + -1.0), sin(x), (sin(eps) * cos(x)));
}
function code(x, eps) return fma(Float64(cos(eps) + -1.0), sin(x), Float64(sin(eps) * cos(x))) end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(N[Cos[eps], $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Sin[eps], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \varepsilon + -1, \sin x, \sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 43.3%
sin-sum69.0%
associate--l+69.1%
Applied egg-rr69.1%
+-commutative69.1%
sub-neg69.1%
associate-+l+99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
neg-mul-199.5%
*-commutative99.5%
distribute-rgt-out99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
Simplified99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
fma-def99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (fma (sin eps) (cos x) (* (+ (cos eps) -1.0) (sin x))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return fma(sin(eps), cos(x), ((cos(eps) + -1.0) * sin(x)));
}
function code(x, eps) return fma(sin(eps), cos(x), Float64(Float64(cos(eps) + -1.0) * sin(x))) end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Sin[eps], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[eps], $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \varepsilon, \cos x, \left(\cos \varepsilon + -1\right) \cdot \sin x\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 43.3%
sin-sum69.0%
associate--l+69.1%
Applied egg-rr69.1%
+-commutative69.1%
sub-neg69.1%
associate-+l+99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
neg-mul-199.5%
*-commutative99.5%
distribute-rgt-out99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
Simplified99.6%
fma-def99.6%
*-commutative99.6%
Applied egg-rr99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (+ (* (sin eps) (cos x)) (* (+ (cos eps) -1.0) (sin x))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return (sin(eps) * cos(x)) + ((cos(eps) + -1.0) * sin(x));
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = (sin(eps) * cos(x)) + ((cos(eps) + (-1.0d0)) * sin(x))
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return (Math.sin(eps) * Math.cos(x)) + ((Math.cos(eps) + -1.0) * Math.sin(x));
}
def code(x, eps): return (math.sin(eps) * math.cos(x)) + ((math.cos(eps) + -1.0) * math.sin(x))
function code(x, eps) return Float64(Float64(sin(eps) * cos(x)) + Float64(Float64(cos(eps) + -1.0) * sin(x))) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = (sin(eps) * cos(x)) + ((cos(eps) + -1.0) * sin(x)); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(N[Sin[eps], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[eps], $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x + \left(\cos \varepsilon + -1\right) \cdot \sin x
\end{array}
Initial program 43.3%
sin-sum69.0%
associate--l+69.1%
Applied egg-rr69.1%
+-commutative69.1%
sub-neg69.1%
associate-+l+99.5%
*-commutative99.5%
neg-mul-199.5%
*-commutative99.5%
distribute-rgt-out99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (* (sin eps) (cos x)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return sin(eps) * cos(x);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = sin(eps) * cos(x)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return Math.sin(eps) * Math.cos(x);
}
def code(x, eps): return math.sin(eps) * math.cos(x)
function code(x, eps) return Float64(sin(eps) * cos(x)) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = sin(eps) * cos(x); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Sin[eps], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sin \varepsilon \cdot \cos x
\end{array}
Initial program 43.3%
sin-sum69.0%
Applied egg-rr69.0%
Taylor expanded in eps around 0 44.7%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 75.2%
Final simplification75.2%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (if (<= eps -6.6e-7) (sin eps) (if (<= eps 1900.0) (* eps (cos x)) (sin eps))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
double tmp;
if (eps <= -6.6e-7) {
tmp = sin(eps);
} else if (eps <= 1900.0) {
tmp = eps * cos(x);
} else {
tmp = sin(eps);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
real(8) :: tmp
if (eps <= (-6.6d-7)) then
tmp = sin(eps)
else if (eps <= 1900.0d0) then
tmp = eps * cos(x)
else
tmp = sin(eps)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
double tmp;
if (eps <= -6.6e-7) {
tmp = Math.sin(eps);
} else if (eps <= 1900.0) {
tmp = eps * Math.cos(x);
} else {
tmp = Math.sin(eps);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, eps): tmp = 0 if eps <= -6.6e-7: tmp = math.sin(eps) elif eps <= 1900.0: tmp = eps * math.cos(x) else: tmp = math.sin(eps) return tmp
function code(x, eps) tmp = 0.0 if (eps <= -6.6e-7) tmp = sin(eps); elseif (eps <= 1900.0) tmp = Float64(eps * cos(x)); else tmp = sin(eps); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, eps) tmp = 0.0; if (eps <= -6.6e-7) tmp = sin(eps); elseif (eps <= 1900.0) tmp = eps * cos(x); else tmp = sin(eps); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, eps_] := If[LessEqual[eps, -6.6e-7], N[Sin[eps], $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[eps, 1900.0], N[(eps * N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Sin[eps], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\varepsilon \leq -6.6 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sin \varepsilon\\
\mathbf{elif}\;\varepsilon \leq 1900:\\
\;\;\;\;\varepsilon \cdot \cos x\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sin \varepsilon\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if eps < -6.6000000000000003e-7 or 1900 < eps Initial program 50.4%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 50.6%
if -6.6000000000000003e-7 < eps < 1900Initial program 35.8%
Taylor expanded in eps around 0 99.0%
Final simplification74.0%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (sin eps))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return sin(eps);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = sin(eps)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return Math.sin(eps);
}
def code(x, eps): return math.sin(eps)
function code(x, eps) return sin(eps) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = sin(eps); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[Sin[eps], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sin \varepsilon
\end{array}
Initial program 43.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 54.0%
Final simplification54.0%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 eps)
double code(double x, double eps) {
return eps;
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = eps
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return eps;
}
def code(x, eps): return eps
function code(x, eps) return eps end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = eps; end
code[x_, eps_] := eps
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\varepsilon
\end{array}
Initial program 43.3%
Taylor expanded in eps around 0 50.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 30.2%
Final simplification30.2%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (* 2.0 (* (cos (+ x (/ eps 2.0))) (sin (/ eps 2.0)))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return 2.0 * (cos((x + (eps / 2.0))) * sin((eps / 2.0)));
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = 2.0d0 * (cos((x + (eps / 2.0d0))) * sin((eps / 2.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return 2.0 * (Math.cos((x + (eps / 2.0))) * Math.sin((eps / 2.0)));
}
def code(x, eps): return 2.0 * (math.cos((x + (eps / 2.0))) * math.sin((eps / 2.0)))
function code(x, eps) return Float64(2.0 * Float64(cos(Float64(x + Float64(eps / 2.0))) * sin(Float64(eps / 2.0)))) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = 2.0 * (cos((x + (eps / 2.0))) * sin((eps / 2.0))); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(2.0 * N[(N[Cos[N[(x + N[(eps / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(eps / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
2 \cdot \left(\cos \left(x + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right)
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023192
(FPCore (x eps)
:name "2sin (example 3.3)"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(* 2.0 (* (cos (+ x (/ eps 2.0))) (sin (/ eps 2.0))))
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))