Trowbridge-Reitz Sample, near normal, slope_y

Percentage Accurate: 98.3% → 98.4%

Time: 11.8s

Alternatives: 13

Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

\[\left(\left(cosTheta_i > 0.9999 \land cosTheta_i \leq 1\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u1 \land u1 \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u2 \land u2 \leq 1\right)\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1))) (sin (* 6.28318530718 u2))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((u1 / (1.0f - u1))) * sinf((6.28318530718f * u2));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1))) * sin((6.28318530718e0 * u2))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1))) * sin(Float32(Float32(6.28318530718) * u2)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1))) * sin((single(6.28318530718) * u2));
end

Initial Program: 98.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1))) (sin (* 6.28318530718 u2))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((u1 / (1.0f - u1))) * sinf((6.28318530718f * u2));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1))) * sin((6.28318530718e0 * u2))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1))) * sin(Float32(Float32(6.28318530718) * u2)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1))) * sin((single(6.28318530718) * u2));
end

Alternative 1: 98.4% accurate, 0.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1))) (sin (sqrt (* 39.47841760436263 (* u2 u2))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((u1 / (1.0f - u1))) * sinf(sqrtf((39.47841760436263f * (u2 * u2))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1))) * sin(sqrt((39.47841760436263e0 * (u2 * u2))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1))) * sin(sqrt(Float32(Float32(39.47841760436263) * Float32(u2 * u2)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1))) * sin(sqrt((single(39.47841760436263) * (u2 * u2))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.3%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 97.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot u2} \cdot \sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot u2}\right)} \]

   2. pow1/2 97.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\color{blue}{{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot u2}\right) \]

   3. pow1/2 97.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left({\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{0.5} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)}^{0.5}}\right) \]

   4. pow-prod-down 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left({\left(\left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}\right)} \]

   5. swap-sqr 98.2%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left({\color{blue}{\left(\left(6.28318530718 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}}^{0.5}\right) \]

   6. metadata-eval 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left({\left(\color{blue}{39.47841760436263} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}\right) \]

3. Applied egg-rr 98.5%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left({\left(39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}^{0.5}\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow1/2 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)}\right)} \]

5. Simplified 98.5%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)}\right)} \]

6. Final simplification 98.5%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(\sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)}\right) \]

Alternative 2: 98.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1 \cdot u1} \cdot \left(u1 + 1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(u2 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (* (/ u1 (- 1.0 (* u1 u1))) (+ u1 1.0))) (sin (* u2 6.28318530718))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf(((u1 / (1.0f - (u1 * u1))) * (u1 + 1.0f))) * sinf((u2 * 6.28318530718f));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt(((u1 / (1.0e0 - (u1 * u1))) * (u1 + 1.0e0))) * sin((u2 * 6.28318530718e0))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(u1 * u1))) * Float32(u1 + Float32(1.0)))) * sin(Float32(u2 * Float32(6.28318530718))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt(((u1 / (single(1.0) - (u1 * u1))) * (u1 + single(1.0)))) * sin((u2 * single(6.28318530718)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.3%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. flip-- 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 1 - u1 \cdot u1}{1 + u1}}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. associate-/r/ 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{u1}{1 \cdot 1 - u1 \cdot u1} \cdot \left(1 + u1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. metadata-eval 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{\color{blue}{1} - u1 \cdot u1} \cdot \left(1 + u1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   4. +-commutative 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1 \cdot u1} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u1 + 1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

3. Applied egg-rr 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{u1}{1 - u1 \cdot u1} \cdot \left(u1 + 1\right)}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

4. Final simplification 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1 \cdot u1} \cdot \left(u1 + 1\right)} \cdot \sin \left(u2 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \]

Alternative 3: 98.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin \left(u2 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} + -1}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sin (* u2 6.28318530718)) (sqrt (/ 1.0 (+ (/ 1.0 u1) -1.0)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sinf((u2 * 6.28318530718f)) * sqrtf((1.0f / ((1.0f / u1) + -1.0f)));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sin((u2 * 6.28318530718e0)) * sqrt((1.0e0 / ((1.0e0 / u1) + (-1.0e0))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sin(Float32(u2 * Float32(6.28318530718))) * sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / u1) + Float32(-1.0)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sin((u2 * single(6.28318530718))) * sqrt((single(1.0) / ((single(1.0) / u1) + single(-1.0))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.3%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. clear-num 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. inv-pow 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1 - u1}{u1}\right)}^{-1}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. div-sub 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - \frac{u1}{u1}\right)}}^{-1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   4. pow1 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - \frac{\color{blue}{{u1}^{1}}}{u1}\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   5. pow1 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - \frac{{u1}^{1}}{\color{blue}{{u1}^{1}}}\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   6. pow-div 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - \color{blue}{{u1}^{\left(1 - 1\right)}}\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   7. metadata-eval 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - {u1}^{\color{blue}{0}}\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   8. metadata-eval 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - \color{blue}{1}\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

3. Applied egg-rr 98.3%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{u1} - 1\right)}^{-1}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow-1 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} - 1}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. sub-neg 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{u1} + \left(-1\right)}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   3. metadata-eval 98.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} + \color{blue}{-1}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

5. Simplified 98.3%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} + -1}}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

6. Final simplification 98.3%

   \[\leadsto \sin \left(u2 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{u1} + -1}} \]

Alternative 4: 90.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;u2 \cdot 6.28318530718 \leq 0.00559999980032444:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(39.47841760436263 \cdot \frac{u2}{\frac{1}{u1} + -1}\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin \left(u2 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \sqrt{u1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= (* u2 6.28318530718) 0.00559999980032444)
   (sqrt (* u2 (* 39.47841760436263 (/ u2 (+ (/ 1.0 u1) -1.0)))))
   (* (sin (* u2 6.28318530718)) (sqrt u1))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	float tmp;
	if ((u2 * 6.28318530718f) <= 0.00559999980032444f) {
		tmp = sqrtf((u2 * (39.47841760436263f * (u2 / ((1.0f / u1) + -1.0f)))));
	} else {
		tmp = sinf((u2 * 6.28318530718f)) * sqrtf(u1);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    real(4) :: tmp
    if ((u2 * 6.28318530718e0) <= 0.00559999980032444e0) then
        tmp = sqrt((u2 * (39.47841760436263e0 * (u2 / ((1.0e0 / u1) + (-1.0e0))))))
    else
        tmp = sin((u2 * 6.28318530718e0)) * sqrt(u1)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (Float32(u2 * Float32(6.28318530718)) <= Float32(0.00559999980032444))
		tmp = sqrt(Float32(u2 * Float32(Float32(39.47841760436263) * Float32(u2 / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / u1) + Float32(-1.0))))));
	else
		tmp = Float32(sin(Float32(u2 * Float32(6.28318530718))) * sqrt(u1));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if ((u2 * single(6.28318530718)) <= single(0.00559999980032444))
		tmp = sqrt((u2 * (single(39.47841760436263) * (u2 / ((single(1.0) / u1) + single(-1.0))))));
	else
		tmp = sin((u2 * single(6.28318530718))) * sqrt(u1);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f32 314159265359/50000000000 u2) < 0.0055999998

   1. Initial program 98.5%

      \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 97.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)} \]
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. add-exp-log 92.2%

         \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}} \]

   4. Applied egg-rr 92.2%

      \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. add-sqr-sqrt 92.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}}} \]

      2. sqrt-unprod 92.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right)}} \]

      3. add-exp-log 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right)} \]

      4. add-exp-log 97.3%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right)} \]

      5. swap-sqr 97.1%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)}} \]

      6. metadata-eval 97.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{39.47841760436263} \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)} \]

      7. swap-sqr 97.4%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)}} \]

      8. add-sqr-sqrt 97.9%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)} \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 97.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right)}} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative 97.9%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263}} \]

      2. associate-*l* 97.8%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right)\right)} \cdot 39.47841760436263} \]

      3. associate-*l* 97.9%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u2 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}} \]

      4. *-lft-identity 97.9%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot u1}}{1 - u1}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

      5. associate-/l* 97.8%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

      6. associate-*r/ 97.9%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{u2 \cdot 1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

      7. *-rgt-identity 97.9%

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{u2}}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

   8. Simplified 97.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\frac{u2}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}} \]

   9. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 97.9%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\frac{u2}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{u1} - 1}} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

   if 0.0055999998 < (*.f32 314159265359/50000000000 u2)

   1. Initial program 97.9%

      \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

   2. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 70.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 88.0%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;u2 \cdot 6.28318530718 \leq 0.00559999980032444:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(39.47841760436263 \cdot \frac{u2}{\frac{1}{u1} + -1}\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sin \left(u2 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \sqrt{u1}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5: 98.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(u2 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* (sqrt (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1))) (sin (* u2 6.28318530718))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((u1 / (1.0f - u1))) * sinf((u2 * 6.28318530718f));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1))) * sin((u2 * 6.28318530718e0))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1))) * sin(Float32(u2 * Float32(6.28318530718))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1))) * sin((u2 * single(6.28318530718)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.3%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Final simplification 98.3%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(u2 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \]

Alternative 6: 82.0% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (sqrt (* 39.47841760436263 (* (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1)) (* u2 u2)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((39.47841760436263f * ((u1 / (1.0f - u1)) * (u2 * u2))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((39.47841760436263e0 * ((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1)) * (u2 * u2))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return sqrt(Float32(Float32(39.47841760436263) * Float32(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1)) * Float32(u2 * u2))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((single(39.47841760436263) * ((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1)) * (u2 * u2))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.3%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 78.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 77.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}} \]

   2. sqrt-unprod 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)}} \]

   3. swap-sqr 77.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)}} \]

   4. metadata-eval 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{39.47841760436263} \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)} \]

   5. swap-sqr 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)}} \]

   6. add-sqr-sqrt 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)} \]

4. Applied egg-rr 78.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right)}} \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}} \]

6. Simplified 78.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}} \]

7. Final simplification 78.3%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\frac{u1}{1 - u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)} \]

Alternative 7: 82.0% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \frac{u2 \cdot u2}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (sqrt (* 39.47841760436263 (/ (* u2 u2) (/ (- 1.0 u1) u1)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((39.47841760436263f * ((u2 * u2) / ((1.0f - u1) / u1))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((39.47841760436263e0 * ((u2 * u2) / ((1.0e0 - u1) / u1))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return sqrt(Float32(Float32(39.47841760436263) * Float32(Float32(u2 * u2) / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1) / u1))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((single(39.47841760436263) * ((u2 * u2) / ((single(1.0) - u1) / u1))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.3%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 78.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-exp-log 74.7%

      \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}} \]

4. Applied egg-rr 74.7%

   \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}} \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 74.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}}} \]

   2. sqrt-unprod 74.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right)}} \]

   3. add-exp-log 75.9%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right)} \]

   4. add-exp-log 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right)} \]

   5. swap-sqr 77.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)}} \]

   6. metadata-eval 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{39.47841760436263} \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)} \]

   7. swap-sqr 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)}} \]

   8. add-sqr-sqrt 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)} \]

6. Applied egg-rr 78.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right)}} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263}} \]

   2. associate-*l* 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right)\right)} \cdot 39.47841760436263} \]

   3. associate-*l* 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u2 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}} \]

   4. *-lft-identity 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot u1}}{1 - u1}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

   5. associate-/l* 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

   6. associate-*r/ 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{u2 \cdot 1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

   7. *-rgt-identity 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{u2}}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

8. Simplified 78.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\frac{u2}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}} \]

9. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 78.2%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{39.47841760436263 \cdot \frac{{u2}^{2} \cdot u1}{1 - u1}}} \]
10. Step-by-step derivation

    1. associate-/l* 78.3%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{u2}^{2}}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \]

    2. unpow2 78.3%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{u2 \cdot u2}}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}} \]

11. Simplified 78.3%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{39.47841760436263 \cdot \frac{u2 \cdot u2}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}} \]

12. Final simplification 78.3%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \frac{u2 \cdot u2}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}} \]

Alternative 8: 82.0% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(39.47841760436263 \cdot \frac{u2}{\frac{1}{u1} + -1}\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (sqrt (* u2 (* 39.47841760436263 (/ u2 (+ (/ 1.0 u1) -1.0))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((u2 * (39.47841760436263f * (u2 / ((1.0f / u1) + -1.0f)))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((u2 * (39.47841760436263e0 * (u2 / ((1.0e0 / u1) + (-1.0e0))))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return sqrt(Float32(u2 * Float32(Float32(39.47841760436263) * Float32(u2 / Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / u1) + Float32(-1.0))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((u2 * (single(39.47841760436263) * (u2 / ((single(1.0) / u1) + single(-1.0))))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.3%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 78.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-exp-log 74.7%

      \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}} \]

4. Applied egg-rr 74.7%

   \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}} \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 74.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}}} \]

   2. sqrt-unprod 74.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right)}} \]

   3. add-exp-log 75.9%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right)} \]

   4. add-exp-log 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right)} \]

   5. swap-sqr 77.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)}} \]

   6. metadata-eval 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{39.47841760436263} \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)} \]

   7. swap-sqr 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)}} \]

   8. add-sqr-sqrt 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)} \]

6. Applied egg-rr 78.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right)}} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263}} \]

   2. associate-*l* 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right)\right)} \cdot 39.47841760436263} \]

   3. associate-*l* 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u2 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}} \]

   4. *-lft-identity 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot u1}}{1 - u1}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

   5. associate-/l* 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

   6. associate-*r/ 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{u2 \cdot 1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

   7. *-rgt-identity 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{u2}}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

8. Simplified 78.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\frac{u2}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}} \]

9. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 78.3%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\frac{u2}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{u1} - 1}} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

10. Final simplification 78.3%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(39.47841760436263 \cdot \frac{u2}{\frac{1}{u1} + -1}\right)} \]

Alternative 9: 81.6% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot u2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* 6.28318530718 (* (sqrt (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1))) u2)))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return 6.28318530718f * (sqrtf((u1 / (1.0f - u1))) * u2);
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = 6.28318530718e0 * (sqrt((u1 / (1.0e0 - u1))) * u2)
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(Float32(6.28318530718) * Float32(sqrt(Float32(u1 / Float32(Float32(1.0) - u1))) * u2))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = single(6.28318530718) * (sqrt((u1 / (single(1.0) - u1))) * u2);
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.3%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 78.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)} \]

3. Final simplification 78.0%

   \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot u2\right) \]

Alternative 10: 64.8% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (sqrt (* 39.47841760436263 (* u1 (* u2 u2)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((39.47841760436263f * (u1 * (u2 * u2))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((39.47841760436263e0 * (u1 * (u2 * u2))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return sqrt(Float32(Float32(39.47841760436263) * Float32(u1 * Float32(u2 * u2))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((single(39.47841760436263) * (u1 * (u2 * u2))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.3%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 78.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)} \]

3. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 60.1%

   \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1}}\right) \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 60.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)}} \]

   2. sqrt-unprod 60.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)\right)}} \]

   3. swap-sqr 60.1%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)\right)}} \]

   4. metadata-eval 60.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{39.47841760436263} \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)\right)} \]

   5. *-commutative 60.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot u2\right)} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right)\right)} \]

   6. *-commutative 60.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot u2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot u2\right)}\right)} \]

   7. swap-sqr 60.1%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{u1} \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}} \]

   8. add-sqr-sqrt 60.2%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{u1} \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)} \]

5. Applied egg-rr 60.2%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}} \]

6. Final simplification 60.2%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)} \]

Alternative 11: 64.8% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{u1 \cdot \left(39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (sqrt (* u1 (* 39.47841760436263 (* u2 u2)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((u1 * (39.47841760436263f * (u2 * u2))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((u1 * (39.47841760436263e0 * (u2 * u2))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return sqrt(Float32(u1 * Float32(Float32(39.47841760436263) * Float32(u2 * u2))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((u1 * (single(39.47841760436263) * (u2 * u2))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.3%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 78.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-exp-log 74.7%

      \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}} \]

4. Applied egg-rr 74.7%

   \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}} \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 74.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}}} \]

   2. sqrt-unprod 74.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right)}} \]

   3. add-exp-log 75.9%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right)} \]

   4. add-exp-log 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right)} \]

   5. swap-sqr 77.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)}} \]

   6. metadata-eval 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{39.47841760436263} \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)} \]

   7. swap-sqr 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)}} \]

   8. add-sqr-sqrt 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)} \]

6. Applied egg-rr 78.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right)}} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263}} \]

   2. associate-*l* 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right)\right)} \cdot 39.47841760436263} \]

   3. associate-*l* 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u2 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}} \]

   4. *-lft-identity 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot u1}}{1 - u1}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

   5. associate-/l* 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

   6. associate-*r/ 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{u2 \cdot 1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

   7. *-rgt-identity 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{u2}}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

8. Simplified 78.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\frac{u2}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}} \]

9. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 60.2%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left({u2}^{2} \cdot u1\right)}} \]
10. Step-by-step derivation

    1. associate-*r* 60.2%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(39.47841760436263 \cdot {u2}^{2}\right) \cdot u1}} \]

    2. unpow2 60.2%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(39.47841760436263 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot u2\right)}\right) \cdot u1} \]

    3. *-commutative 60.2%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1 \cdot \left(39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}} \]

11. Simplified 60.2%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1 \cdot \left(39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}} \]

12. Final simplification 60.2%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{u1 \cdot \left(39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)} \]

Alternative 12: 64.8% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{u1 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \left(39.47841760436263 \cdot u2\right)\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (sqrt (* u1 (* u2 (* 39.47841760436263 u2)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return sqrtf((u1 * (u2 * (39.47841760436263f * u2))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = sqrt((u1 * (u2 * (39.47841760436263e0 * u2))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return sqrt(Float32(u1 * Float32(u2 * Float32(Float32(39.47841760436263) * u2))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = sqrt((u1 * (u2 * (single(39.47841760436263) * u2))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.3%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 78.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)} \]
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-exp-log 74.7%

      \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}} \]

4. Applied egg-rr 74.7%

   \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}} \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. add-sqr-sqrt 74.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}}} \]

   2. sqrt-unprod 74.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right)}} \]

   3. add-exp-log 75.9%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot e^{\log \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right)} \]

   4. add-exp-log 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(6.28318530718 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)}\right)} \]

   5. swap-sqr 77.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(6.28318530718 \cdot 6.28318530718\right) \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)}} \]

   6. metadata-eval 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{39.47841760436263} \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right) \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)} \]

   7. swap-sqr 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)\right)}} \]

   8. add-sqr-sqrt 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)} \]

6. Applied egg-rr 78.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right)}} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(u2 \cdot u2\right) \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263}} \]

   2. associate-*l* 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right)\right)} \cdot 39.47841760436263} \]

   3. associate-*l* 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u2 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \frac{u1}{1 - u1}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}} \]

   4. *-lft-identity 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot u1}}{1 - u1}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

   5. associate-/l* 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\left(u2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}}\right) \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

   6. associate-*r/ 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{u2 \cdot 1}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}}} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

   7. *-rgt-identity 78.3%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{u2}}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \]

8. Simplified 78.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{u2 \cdot \left(\frac{u2}{\frac{1 - u1}{u1}} \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)}} \]

9. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 60.2%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{39.47841760436263 \cdot \left({u2}^{2} \cdot u1\right)}} \]
10. Step-by-step derivation

    1. associate-*r* 60.2%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(39.47841760436263 \cdot {u2}^{2}\right) \cdot u1}} \]

    2. unpow2 60.2%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(39.47841760436263 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot u2\right)}\right) \cdot u1} \]

    3. *-commutative 60.2%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1 \cdot \left(39.47841760436263 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot u2\right)\right)}} \]

    4. associate-*r* 60.2%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{u1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(39.47841760436263 \cdot u2\right) \cdot u2\right)}} \]

    5. *-commutative 60.2%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{u1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)} \cdot u2\right)} \]

    6. *-commutative 60.2%

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{u1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)\right)}} \]

11. Simplified 60.2%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot 39.47841760436263\right)\right)}} \]

12. Final simplification 60.2%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{u1 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \left(39.47841760436263 \cdot u2\right)\right)} \]

Alternative 13: 64.8% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
 :precision binary32
 (* 6.28318530718 (* u2 (sqrt u1))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float u1, float u2) {
	return 6.28318530718f * (u2 * sqrtf(u1));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, u1, u2)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: u2
    code = 6.28318530718e0 * (u2 * sqrt(u1))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	return Float32(Float32(6.28318530718) * Float32(u2 * sqrt(u1)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, u1, u2)
	tmp = single(6.28318530718) * (u2 * sqrt(u1));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.3%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}} \cdot \sin \left(6.28318530718 \cdot u2\right) \]

2. Taylor expanded in u2 around 0 78.0%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{u1}{1 - u1}}\right)} \]

3. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0 60.1%

   \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{u1}}\right) \]

4. Final simplification 60.1%

   \[\leadsto 6.28318530718 \cdot \left(u2 \cdot \sqrt{u1}\right) \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2023185 
(FPCore (cosTheta_i u1 u2)
  :name "Trowbridge-Reitz Sample, near normal, slope_y"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (> cosTheta_i 0.9999) (<= cosTheta_i 1.0)) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u1) (<= u1 1.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u2) (<= u2 1.0)))
  (* (sqrt (/ u1 (- 1.0 u1))) (sin (* 6.28318530718 u2))))