NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, B

Percentage Accurate: 78.8% → 96.7%
Time: 9.4s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 1.1×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b):
	return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 78.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((((double) M_PI) / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return ((Math.PI / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
}
def code(a, b):
	return ((math.pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(a * a)))) * Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) - Float64(1.0 / b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = ((pi / 2.0) * (1.0 / ((b * b) - (a * a)))) * ((1.0 / a) - (1.0 / b));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(Pi / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 96.7% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+91}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{-b} \cdot \frac{-0.5}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b}}{b \cdot a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b 5e+91)
   (* (/ (/ PI (+ b a)) (- b)) (/ -0.5 a))
   (/ (/ (* PI 0.5) b) (* b a))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= 5e+91) {
		tmp = ((((double) M_PI) / (b + a)) / -b) * (-0.5 / a);
	} else {
		tmp = ((((double) M_PI) * 0.5) / b) / (b * a);
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= 5e+91) {
		tmp = ((Math.PI / (b + a)) / -b) * (-0.5 / a);
	} else {
		tmp = ((Math.PI * 0.5) / b) / (b * a);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if b <= 5e+91:
		tmp = ((math.pi / (b + a)) / -b) * (-0.5 / a)
	else:
		tmp = ((math.pi * 0.5) / b) / (b * a)
	return tmp
function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= 5e+91)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(pi / Float64(b + a)) / Float64(-b)) * Float64(-0.5 / a));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(pi * 0.5) / b) / Float64(b * a));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b <= 5e+91)
		tmp = ((pi / (b + a)) / -b) * (-0.5 / a);
	else
		tmp = ((pi * 0.5) / b) / (b * a);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[b, 5e+91], N[(N[(N[(Pi / N[(b + a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(Pi * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+91}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{-b} \cdot \frac{-0.5}{a}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b}}{b \cdot a}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < 5.0000000000000002e91

    1. Initial program 82.8%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac82.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot 1}{2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. *-commutative82.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. times-frac82.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\pi}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      4. difference-of-squares89.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      5. associate-/r*90.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      6. metadata-eval90.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      7. sub-neg90.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac90.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}\right) \]
      9. metadata-eval90.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}\right) \]
    3. Simplified90.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in a around inf 69.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-log1p-u55.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-udef47.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{b}\right)} - 1} \]
      3. *-commutative47.7%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b} \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)} - 1 \]
      4. frac-2neg47.7%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{--1}{-b}} \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - 1 \]
      5. metadata-eval47.7%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{-b} \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - 1 \]
      6. associate-*l/47.7%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{-b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a} \cdot 0.5}{b - a}}\right)} - 1 \]
      7. frac-times47.7%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\frac{\pi}{b + a} \cdot 0.5\right)}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}}\right)} - 1 \]
      8. *-un-lft-identity47.7%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b + a} \cdot 0.5}}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\right)} - 1 \]
    6. Applied egg-rr47.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a} \cdot 0.5}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\right)} - 1} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-def63.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a} \cdot 0.5}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-log1p77.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a} \cdot 0.5}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
      3. times-frac77.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{-b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a}} \]
    8. Simplified77.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{-b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a}} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in b around 0 97.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{-b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-0.5}{a}} \]

    if 5.0000000000000002e91 < b

    1. Initial program 70.8%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac70.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot 1}{2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. *-commutative70.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. times-frac70.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\pi}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      4. difference-of-squares84.8%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      5. associate-/r*84.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      6. metadata-eval84.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      7. sub-neg84.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac84.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}\right) \]
      9. metadata-eval84.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}\right) \]
    3. Simplified84.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. clear-num84.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b + a}{\pi}}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
      2. inv-pow84.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b + a}{\pi}\right)}^{-1}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    5. Applied egg-rr84.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b + a}{\pi}\right)}^{-1}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow-184.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b + a}{\pi}}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
      2. +-commutative84.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{a + b}}{\pi}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    7. Simplified84.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{a + b}{\pi}}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around 0 84.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot {b}^{2}}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/84.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a \cdot {b}^{2}}} \]
      2. *-commutative84.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 0.5}}{a \cdot {b}^{2}} \]
      3. times-frac84.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{{b}^{2}}} \]
      4. unpow284.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}} \]
    10. Simplified84.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b \cdot b}} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. frac-times84.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{a \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}} \]
      2. *-commutative84.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \pi}}{a \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
      3. *-un-lft-identity84.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \pi\right)}}{a \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
      4. frac-times84.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{b \cdot b}} \]
      5. associate-/r*84.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{a} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{b}}{b}} \]
      6. frac-times99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{b}}{a \cdot b}} \]
      7. *-un-lft-identity99.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{b}}}{a \cdot b} \]
      8. *-commutative99.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 0.5}}{b}}{a \cdot b} \]
      9. *-commutative99.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b}}{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}} \]
    12. Applied egg-rr99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b}}{b \cdot a}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification98.2%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+91}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{-b} \cdot \frac{-0.5}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\pi \cdot 0.5}{b}}{b \cdot a}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 2: 89.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -2.25 \cdot 10^{-72} \lor \neg \left(a \leq 1.06 \cdot 10^{-46}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-\pi}{b \cdot a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{0.5}{b}}{b \cdot \frac{a}{\pi}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= a -2.25e-72) (not (<= a 1.06e-46)))
   (* (/ (- PI) (* b a)) (/ 0.5 (- b a)))
   (/ (/ 0.5 b) (* b (/ a PI)))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if ((a <= -2.25e-72) || !(a <= 1.06e-46)) {
		tmp = (-((double) M_PI) / (b * a)) * (0.5 / (b - a));
	} else {
		tmp = (0.5 / b) / (b * (a / ((double) M_PI)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if ((a <= -2.25e-72) || !(a <= 1.06e-46)) {
		tmp = (-Math.PI / (b * a)) * (0.5 / (b - a));
	} else {
		tmp = (0.5 / b) / (b * (a / Math.PI));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if (a <= -2.25e-72) or not (a <= 1.06e-46):
		tmp = (-math.pi / (b * a)) * (0.5 / (b - a))
	else:
		tmp = (0.5 / b) / (b * (a / math.pi))
	return tmp
function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((a <= -2.25e-72) || !(a <= 1.06e-46))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-pi) / Float64(b * a)) * Float64(0.5 / Float64(b - a)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 / b) / Float64(b * Float64(a / pi)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((a <= -2.25e-72) || ~((a <= 1.06e-46)))
		tmp = (-pi / (b * a)) * (0.5 / (b - a));
	else
		tmp = (0.5 / b) / (b * (a / pi));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_] := If[Or[LessEqual[a, -2.25e-72], N[Not[LessEqual[a, 1.06e-46]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[((-Pi) / N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 / N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * N[(a / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -2.25 \cdot 10^{-72} \lor \neg \left(a \leq 1.06 \cdot 10^{-46}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-\pi}{b \cdot a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{0.5}{b}}{b \cdot \frac{a}{\pi}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < -2.25e-72 or 1.06e-46 < a

    1. Initial program 80.4%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac80.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot 1}{2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. *-commutative80.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. times-frac80.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\pi}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      4. difference-of-squares89.8%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      5. associate-/r*90.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      6. metadata-eval90.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      7. sub-neg90.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac90.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}\right) \]
      9. metadata-eval90.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}\right) \]
    3. Simplified90.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in a around inf 83.7%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-log1p-u73.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-udef63.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{b}\right)} - 1} \]
      3. *-commutative63.3%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b} \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right)}\right)} - 1 \]
      4. frac-2neg63.3%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{--1}{-b}} \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - 1 \]
      5. metadata-eval63.3%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{-b} \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} - 1 \]
      6. associate-*l/63.3%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{1}{-b} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a} \cdot 0.5}{b - a}}\right)} - 1 \]
      7. frac-times63.3%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\frac{\pi}{b + a} \cdot 0.5\right)}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}}\right)} - 1 \]
      8. *-un-lft-identity63.3%

        \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{b + a} \cdot 0.5}}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\right)} - 1 \]
    6. Applied egg-rr63.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a} \cdot 0.5}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\right)} - 1} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. expm1-def82.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a} \cdot 0.5}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}\right)\right)} \]
      2. expm1-log1p93.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a} \cdot 0.5}{\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \]
      3. times-frac93.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{-b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a}} \]
    8. Simplified93.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{-b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a}} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in b around 0 93.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot b}\right)} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/93.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \pi}{a \cdot b}} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a} \]
      2. mul-1-neg93.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\pi}}{a \cdot b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a} \]
    11. Simplified93.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\pi}{a \cdot b}} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a} \]

    if -2.25e-72 < a < 1.06e-46

    1. Initial program 79.7%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac79.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot 1}{2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. *-commutative79.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. times-frac79.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\pi}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      4. difference-of-squares87.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      5. associate-/r*87.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      6. metadata-eval87.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      7. sub-neg87.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac87.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}\right) \]
      9. metadata-eval87.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}\right) \]
    3. Simplified87.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. clear-num87.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b + a}{\pi}}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
      2. inv-pow87.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b + a}{\pi}\right)}^{-1}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    5. Applied egg-rr87.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b + a}{\pi}\right)}^{-1}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow-187.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b + a}{\pi}}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
      2. +-commutative87.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{a + b}}{\pi}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    7. Simplified87.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{a + b}{\pi}}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around 0 82.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot {b}^{2}}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/82.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a \cdot {b}^{2}}} \]
      2. *-commutative82.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 0.5}}{a \cdot {b}^{2}} \]
      3. times-frac82.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{{b}^{2}}} \]
      4. unpow282.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}} \]
    10. Simplified82.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b \cdot b}} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. clear-num81.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{a}{\pi}}} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b \cdot b} \]
      2. associate-/r*81.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{a}{\pi}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5}{b}}{b}} \]
      3. frac-times94.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \frac{0.5}{b}}{\frac{a}{\pi} \cdot b}} \]
      4. *-un-lft-identity94.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{b}}}{\frac{a}{\pi} \cdot b} \]
    12. Applied egg-rr94.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5}{b}}{\frac{a}{\pi} \cdot b}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification93.7%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -2.25 \cdot 10^{-72} \lor \neg \left(a \leq 1.06 \cdot 10^{-46}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-\pi}{b \cdot a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b - a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{0.5}{b}}{b \cdot \frac{a}{\pi}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3: 74.3% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -3900000000 \lor \neg \left(b \leq 9 \cdot 10^{-58}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b \cdot b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a \cdot a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= b -3900000000.0) (not (<= b 9e-58)))
   (* (/ PI a) (/ 0.5 (* b b)))
   (* 0.5 (/ (/ PI b) (* a a)))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if ((b <= -3900000000.0) || !(b <= 9e-58)) {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) / a) * (0.5 / (b * b));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * ((((double) M_PI) / b) / (a * a));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if ((b <= -3900000000.0) || !(b <= 9e-58)) {
		tmp = (Math.PI / a) * (0.5 / (b * b));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * ((Math.PI / b) / (a * a));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if (b <= -3900000000.0) or not (b <= 9e-58):
		tmp = (math.pi / a) * (0.5 / (b * b))
	else:
		tmp = 0.5 * ((math.pi / b) / (a * a))
	return tmp
function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((b <= -3900000000.0) || !(b <= 9e-58))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi / a) * Float64(0.5 / Float64(b * b)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(Float64(pi / b) / Float64(a * a)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((b <= -3900000000.0) || ~((b <= 9e-58)))
		tmp = (pi / a) * (0.5 / (b * b));
	else
		tmp = 0.5 * ((pi / b) / (a * a));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_] := If[Or[LessEqual[b, -3900000000.0], N[Not[LessEqual[b, 9e-58]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(Pi / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[(N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -3900000000 \lor \neg \left(b \leq 9 \cdot 10^{-58}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b \cdot b}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a \cdot a}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < -3.9e9 or 9.0000000000000006e-58 < b

    1. Initial program 78.7%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac78.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot 1}{2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. *-commutative78.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. times-frac78.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\pi}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      4. difference-of-squares90.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      5. associate-/r*90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      6. metadata-eval90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      7. sub-neg90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}\right) \]
      9. metadata-eval90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}\right) \]
    3. Simplified90.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. clear-num90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b + a}{\pi}}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
      2. inv-pow90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b + a}{\pi}\right)}^{-1}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    5. Applied egg-rr90.3%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b + a}{\pi}\right)}^{-1}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow-190.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b + a}{\pi}}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
      2. +-commutative90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{a + b}}{\pi}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    7. Simplified90.3%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{a + b}{\pi}}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around 0 86.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot {b}^{2}}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/86.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a \cdot {b}^{2}}} \]
      2. *-commutative86.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 0.5}}{a \cdot {b}^{2}} \]
      3. times-frac84.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{{b}^{2}}} \]
      4. unpow284.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}} \]
    10. Simplified84.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b \cdot b}} \]

    if -3.9e9 < b < 9.0000000000000006e-58

    1. Initial program 81.6%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac81.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot 1}{2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. *-commutative81.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. times-frac81.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\pi}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      4. difference-of-squares87.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      5. associate-/r*87.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      6. metadata-eval87.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      7. sub-neg87.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac87.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}\right) \]
      9. metadata-eval87.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}\right) \]
    3. Simplified87.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. frac-add87.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot b + a \cdot -1}{a \cdot b}} \]
      2. *-un-lft-identity87.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b} + a \cdot -1}{a \cdot b} \]
    5. Applied egg-rr87.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b + a \cdot -1}{a \cdot b}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative87.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{b + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot a}}{a \cdot b} \]
      2. neg-mul-187.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{b + \color{blue}{\left(-a\right)}}{a \cdot b} \]
      3. sub-neg87.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b - a}}{a \cdot b} \]
    7. Simplified87.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b - a}{a \cdot b}} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in b around 0 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{{a}^{2} \cdot b}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative78.0%

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{b \cdot {a}^{2}}} \]
      2. associate-/r*78.0%

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{{a}^{2}}} \]
      3. unpow278.0%

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}} \]
    10. Simplified78.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a \cdot a}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification81.4%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -3900000000 \lor \neg \left(b \leq 9 \cdot 10^{-58}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b \cdot b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a \cdot a}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4: 80.0% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -165000000000 \lor \neg \left(b \leq 9 \cdot 10^{-58}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b \cdot b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= b -165000000000.0) (not (<= b 9e-58)))
   (* (/ PI a) (/ 0.5 (* b b)))
   (* 0.5 (/ PI (* a (* b a))))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if ((b <= -165000000000.0) || !(b <= 9e-58)) {
		tmp = (((double) M_PI) / a) * (0.5 / (b * b));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / (a * (b * a)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if ((b <= -165000000000.0) || !(b <= 9e-58)) {
		tmp = (Math.PI / a) * (0.5 / (b * b));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * (Math.PI / (a * (b * a)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if (b <= -165000000000.0) or not (b <= 9e-58):
		tmp = (math.pi / a) * (0.5 / (b * b))
	else:
		tmp = 0.5 * (math.pi / (a * (b * a)))
	return tmp
function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((b <= -165000000000.0) || !(b <= 9e-58))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(pi / a) * Float64(0.5 / Float64(b * b)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / Float64(a * Float64(b * a))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((b <= -165000000000.0) || ~((b <= 9e-58)))
		tmp = (pi / a) * (0.5 / (b * b));
	else
		tmp = 0.5 * (pi / (a * (b * a)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_] := If[Or[LessEqual[b, -165000000000.0], N[Not[LessEqual[b, 9e-58]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(Pi / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / N[(a * N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -165000000000 \lor \neg \left(b \leq 9 \cdot 10^{-58}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b \cdot b}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < -1.65e11 or 9.0000000000000006e-58 < b

    1. Initial program 78.7%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac78.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot 1}{2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. *-commutative78.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. times-frac78.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\pi}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      4. difference-of-squares90.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      5. associate-/r*90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      6. metadata-eval90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      7. sub-neg90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}\right) \]
      9. metadata-eval90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}\right) \]
    3. Simplified90.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. clear-num90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b + a}{\pi}}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
      2. inv-pow90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b + a}{\pi}\right)}^{-1}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    5. Applied egg-rr90.3%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b + a}{\pi}\right)}^{-1}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow-190.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b + a}{\pi}}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
      2. +-commutative90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{a + b}}{\pi}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    7. Simplified90.3%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{a + b}{\pi}}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around 0 86.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot {b}^{2}}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/86.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a \cdot {b}^{2}}} \]
      2. *-commutative86.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 0.5}}{a \cdot {b}^{2}} \]
      3. times-frac84.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{{b}^{2}}} \]
      4. unpow284.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}} \]
    10. Simplified84.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b \cdot b}} \]

    if -1.65e11 < b < 9.0000000000000006e-58

    1. Initial program 81.6%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative81.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. associate-/r/81.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. associate-*l/81.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}} \]
      4. *-commutative81.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot 1}}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{\pi}{2}}} \]
      5. associate-/r/81.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\pi} \cdot 2}} \]
      6. times-frac81.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\pi}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
    3. Simplified81.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \frac{-1}{b}, \frac{\pi}{a}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in b around 0 67.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5 \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/67.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \pi}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5 \]
      2. mul-1-neg67.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-\pi}}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5 \]
    6. Simplified67.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-\pi}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5 \]
    7. Taylor expanded in b around 0 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{{a}^{2} \cdot b}} \cdot 0.5 \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow278.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)} \cdot b} \cdot 0.5 \]
      2. associate-*l*89.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \cdot 0.5 \]
    9. Simplified89.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \cdot 0.5 \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification87.3%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -165000000000 \lor \neg \left(b \leq 9 \cdot 10^{-58}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b \cdot b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5: 80.0% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1400000000 \lor \neg \left(b \leq 8.5 \cdot 10^{-58}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= b -1400000000.0) (not (<= b 8.5e-58)))
   (* 0.5 (/ PI (* a (* b b))))
   (* 0.5 (/ PI (* a (* b a))))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if ((b <= -1400000000.0) || !(b <= 8.5e-58)) {
		tmp = 0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / (a * (b * b)));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / (a * (b * a)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if ((b <= -1400000000.0) || !(b <= 8.5e-58)) {
		tmp = 0.5 * (Math.PI / (a * (b * b)));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * (Math.PI / (a * (b * a)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if (b <= -1400000000.0) or not (b <= 8.5e-58):
		tmp = 0.5 * (math.pi / (a * (b * b)))
	else:
		tmp = 0.5 * (math.pi / (a * (b * a)))
	return tmp
function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((b <= -1400000000.0) || !(b <= 8.5e-58))
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / Float64(a * Float64(b * b))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / Float64(a * Float64(b * a))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((b <= -1400000000.0) || ~((b <= 8.5e-58)))
		tmp = 0.5 * (pi / (a * (b * b)));
	else
		tmp = 0.5 * (pi / (a * (b * a)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_] := If[Or[LessEqual[b, -1400000000.0], N[Not[LessEqual[b, 8.5e-58]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / N[(a * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / N[(a * N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1400000000 \lor \neg \left(b \leq 8.5 \cdot 10^{-58}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < -1.4e9 or 8.5000000000000004e-58 < b

    1. Initial program 78.7%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative78.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. associate-/r/78.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. associate-*l/78.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}} \]
      4. *-commutative78.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot 1}}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{\pi}{2}}} \]
      5. associate-/r/78.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\pi} \cdot 2}} \]
      6. times-frac78.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\pi}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
    3. Simplified78.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \frac{-1}{b}, \frac{\pi}{a}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in b around inf 86.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot {b}^{2}}} \cdot 0.5 \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow286.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b\right)}} \cdot 0.5 \]
    6. Simplified86.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}} \cdot 0.5 \]

    if -1.4e9 < b < 8.5000000000000004e-58

    1. Initial program 81.6%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative81.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. associate-/r/81.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. associate-*l/81.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}} \]
      4. *-commutative81.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot 1}}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{\pi}{2}}} \]
      5. associate-/r/81.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\pi} \cdot 2}} \]
      6. times-frac81.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\pi}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
    3. Simplified81.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \frac{-1}{b}, \frac{\pi}{a}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in b around 0 67.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5 \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/67.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \pi}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5 \]
      2. mul-1-neg67.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-\pi}}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5 \]
    6. Simplified67.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-\pi}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5 \]
    7. Taylor expanded in b around 0 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{{a}^{2} \cdot b}} \cdot 0.5 \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow278.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)} \cdot b} \cdot 0.5 \]
      2. associate-*l*89.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \cdot 0.5 \]
    9. Simplified89.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \cdot 0.5 \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification87.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1400000000 \lor \neg \left(b \leq 8.5 \cdot 10^{-58}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 6: 86.1% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1.02 \cdot 10^{+14} \lor \neg \left(b \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{-58}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{b \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\pi}\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= b -1.02e+14) (not (<= b 5.4e-58)))
   (/ 0.5 (* b (* b (/ a PI))))
   (* 0.5 (/ PI (* a (* b a))))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if ((b <= -1.02e+14) || !(b <= 5.4e-58)) {
		tmp = 0.5 / (b * (b * (a / ((double) M_PI))));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * (((double) M_PI) / (a * (b * a)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if ((b <= -1.02e+14) || !(b <= 5.4e-58)) {
		tmp = 0.5 / (b * (b * (a / Math.PI)));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * (Math.PI / (a * (b * a)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if (b <= -1.02e+14) or not (b <= 5.4e-58):
		tmp = 0.5 / (b * (b * (a / math.pi)))
	else:
		tmp = 0.5 * (math.pi / (a * (b * a)))
	return tmp
function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((b <= -1.02e+14) || !(b <= 5.4e-58))
		tmp = Float64(0.5 / Float64(b * Float64(b * Float64(a / pi))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(pi / Float64(a * Float64(b * a))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((b <= -1.02e+14) || ~((b <= 5.4e-58)))
		tmp = 0.5 / (b * (b * (a / pi)));
	else
		tmp = 0.5 * (pi / (a * (b * a)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_] := If[Or[LessEqual[b, -1.02e+14], N[Not[LessEqual[b, 5.4e-58]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(0.5 / N[(b * N[(b * N[(a / Pi), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[(Pi / N[(a * N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1.02 \cdot 10^{+14} \lor \neg \left(b \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{-58}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{b \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\pi}\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < -1.02e14 or 5.3999999999999998e-58 < b

    1. Initial program 78.7%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-frac78.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot 1}{2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. *-commutative78.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. times-frac78.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\pi}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      4. difference-of-squares90.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      5. associate-/r*90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      6. metadata-eval90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      7. sub-neg90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      8. distribute-neg-frac90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}\right) \]
      9. metadata-eval90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}\right) \]
    3. Simplified90.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. clear-num90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b + a}{\pi}}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
      2. inv-pow90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b + a}{\pi}\right)}^{-1}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    5. Applied egg-rr90.3%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b + a}{\pi}\right)}^{-1}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow-190.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b + a}{\pi}}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
      2. +-commutative90.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{a + b}}{\pi}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    7. Simplified90.3%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{a + b}{\pi}}}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right) \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around 0 86.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot {b}^{2}}} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/86.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5 \cdot \pi}{a \cdot {b}^{2}}} \]
      2. *-commutative86.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\pi \cdot 0.5}}{a \cdot {b}^{2}} \]
      3. times-frac84.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{{b}^{2}}} \]
      4. unpow284.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}} \]
    10. Simplified84.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b \cdot b}} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. clear-num84.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{a}{\pi}}} \cdot \frac{0.5}{b \cdot b} \]
      2. frac-times86.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 0.5}{\frac{a}{\pi} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}} \]
      3. metadata-eval86.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{\frac{a}{\pi} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
    12. Applied egg-rr86.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\frac{a}{\pi} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}} \]
    13. Taylor expanded in a around 0 85.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot {b}^{2}}{\pi}}} \]
    14. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative85.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{\frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot a}}{\pi}} \]
      2. associate-*r/86.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \frac{a}{\pi}}} \]
      3. unpow286.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b\right)} \cdot \frac{a}{\pi}} \]
      4. associate-*l*95.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{b \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\pi}\right)}} \]
    15. Simplified95.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{b \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\pi}\right)}} \]

    if -1.02e14 < b < 5.3999999999999998e-58

    1. Initial program 81.6%

      \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutative81.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{\pi}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      2. associate-/r/81.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
      3. associate-*l/81.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right)}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{\pi}{2}}}} \]
      4. *-commutative81.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot 1}}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\frac{\pi}{2}}} \]
      5. associate-/r/81.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\pi} \cdot 2}} \]
      6. times-frac81.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}}{\frac{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}{\pi}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
    3. Simplified81.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\pi, \frac{-1}{b}, \frac{\pi}{a}\right)}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in b around 0 67.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{\pi}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5 \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/67.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \pi}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5 \]
      2. mul-1-neg67.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-\pi}}{b}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5 \]
    6. Simplified67.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-\pi}{b}}}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot 0.5 \]
    7. Taylor expanded in b around 0 78.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{{a}^{2} \cdot b}} \cdot 0.5 \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow278.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)} \cdot b} \cdot 0.5 \]
      2. associate-*l*89.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \cdot 0.5 \]
    9. Simplified89.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}} \cdot 0.5 \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification92.6%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1.02 \cdot 10^{+14} \lor \neg \left(b \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{-58}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{b \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\pi}\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{a \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 7: 57.1% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a \cdot a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (* 0.5 (/ (/ PI b) (* a a))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return 0.5 * ((((double) M_PI) / b) / (a * a));
}
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return 0.5 * ((Math.PI / b) / (a * a));
}
def code(a, b):
	return 0.5 * ((math.pi / b) / (a * a))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(0.5 * Float64(Float64(pi / b) / Float64(a * a)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.5 * ((pi / b) / (a * a));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(0.5 * N[(N[(Pi / b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a \cdot a}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 80.1%

    \[\left(\frac{\pi}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
  2. Step-by-step derivation
    1. times-frac80.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\pi \cdot 1}{2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    2. *-commutative80.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\pi \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b - a \cdot a\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    3. times-frac80.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\pi}{b \cdot b - a \cdot a} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    4. difference-of-squares88.7%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    5. associate-/r*89.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    6. metadata-eval89.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot \color{blue}{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}\right) \]
    7. sub-neg89.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{a} + \left(-\frac{1}{b}\right)\right)} \]
    8. distribute-neg-frac89.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{b}}\right) \]
    9. metadata-eval89.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{b}\right) \]
  3. Simplified89.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{-1}{b}\right)} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. frac-add88.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot b + a \cdot -1}{a \cdot b}} \]
    2. *-un-lft-identity88.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b} + a \cdot -1}{a \cdot b} \]
  5. Applied egg-rr88.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b + a \cdot -1}{a \cdot b}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative88.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{b + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot a}}{a \cdot b} \]
    2. neg-mul-188.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{b + \color{blue}{\left(-a\right)}}{a \cdot b} \]
    3. sub-neg88.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b - a}}{a \cdot b} \]
  7. Simplified88.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{\pi}{b + a}}{b - a} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b - a}{a \cdot b}} \]
  8. Taylor expanded in b around 0 58.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{{a}^{2} \cdot b}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutative58.2%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \frac{\pi}{\color{blue}{b \cdot {a}^{2}}} \]
    2. associate-/r*58.2%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{{a}^{2}}} \]
    3. unpow258.2%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}} \]
  10. Simplified58.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a \cdot a}} \]
  11. Final simplification58.2%

    \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\pi}{b}}{a \cdot a} \]

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2023182 
(FPCore (a b)
  :name "NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, B"
  :precision binary64
  (* (* (/ PI 2.0) (/ 1.0 (- (* b b) (* a a)))) (- (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b))))