Data.Approximate.Numerics:blog from approximate-0.2.2.1

Percentage Accurate: 99.7% → 99.8%

Time: 6.1s

Alternatives: 7

Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{6 \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (* 6.0 (- x 1.0)) (+ (+ x 1.0) (* 4.0 (sqrt x)))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return (6.0 * (x - 1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * sqrt(x)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (6.0d0 * (x - 1.0d0)) / ((x + 1.0d0) + (4.0d0 * sqrt(x)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return (6.0 * (x - 1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * Math.sqrt(x)));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return (6.0 * (x - 1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * math.sqrt(x)))

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(6.0 * Float64(x - 1.0)) / Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) + Float64(4.0 * sqrt(x))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (6.0 * (x - 1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * sqrt(x)));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(N[(6.0 * N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 99.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{6 \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (* 6.0 (- x 1.0)) (+ (+ x 1.0) (* 4.0 (sqrt x)))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return (6.0 * (x - 1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * sqrt(x)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (6.0d0 * (x - 1.0d0)) / ((x + 1.0d0) + (4.0d0 * sqrt(x)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return (6.0 * (x - 1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * Math.sqrt(x)));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return (6.0 * (x - 1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * math.sqrt(x)))

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(6.0 * Float64(x - 1.0)) / Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) + Float64(4.0 * sqrt(x))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (6.0 * (x - 1.0)) / ((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * sqrt(x)));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(N[(6.0 * N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 99.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \left(\sqrt{x \cdot 16} + 1\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (* 6.0 (/ (+ x -1.0) (+ x (+ (sqrt (* x 16.0)) 1.0)))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return 6.0 * ((x + -1.0) / (x + (sqrt((x * 16.0)) + 1.0)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 6.0d0 * ((x + (-1.0d0)) / (x + (sqrt((x * 16.0d0)) + 1.0d0)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return 6.0 * ((x + -1.0) / (x + (Math.sqrt((x * 16.0)) + 1.0)));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return 6.0 * ((x + -1.0) / (x + (math.sqrt((x * 16.0)) + 1.0)))

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(6.0 * Float64(Float64(x + -1.0) / Float64(x + Float64(sqrt(Float64(x * 16.0)) + 1.0))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 6.0 * ((x + -1.0) / (x + (sqrt((x * 16.0)) + 1.0)));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(6.0 * N[(N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + N[(N[Sqrt[N[(x * 16.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.8%

   \[\frac{6 \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{6 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + \left(-1\right)\right)}}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]

   2. metadata-eval 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{6 \cdot \left(x + \color{blue}{-1}\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]

   3. associate-+l+ 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{6 \cdot \left(x + -1\right)}{\color{blue}{x + \left(1 + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)}} \]

3. Simplified 99.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6 \cdot \left(x + -1\right)}{x + \left(1 + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-un-lft-identity 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{6 \cdot \left(x + -1\right)}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(x + \left(1 + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)\right)}} \]

   2. times-frac 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{1} \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \left(1 + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)}} \]

   3. associate-+r+ 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{6}{1} \cdot \frac{x + -1}{\color{blue}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}}} \]

   4. +-commutative 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{6}{1} \cdot \frac{x + -1}{\color{blue}{4 \cdot \sqrt{x} + \left(x + 1\right)}} \]

   5. fma-udef 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{6}{1} \cdot \frac{x + -1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)}} \]

   6. metadata-eval 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6} \cdot \frac{x + -1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \]

   7. fma-udef 99.9%

      \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{\color{blue}{4 \cdot \sqrt{x} + \left(x + 1\right)}} \]

   8. +-commutative 99.9%

      \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{\color{blue}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}}} \]

   9. associate-+r+ 99.9%

      \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(1 + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)}} \]

   10. +-commutative 99.9%

       \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot \sqrt{x} + 1\right)}} \]

   11. fma-def 99.9%

       \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, 1\right)}} \]

5. Applied egg-rr 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, 1\right)}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. fma-udef 99.9%

      \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot \sqrt{x} + 1\right)}} \]

   2. add-sqr-sqrt 99.9%

      \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \cdot \sqrt{4 \cdot \sqrt{x}}} + 1\right)} \]

   3. sqrt-unprod 99.9%

      \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(4 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \left(4 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)}} + 1\right)} \]

   4. *-commutative 99.9%

      \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 4\right)} \cdot \left(4 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)} + 1\right)} \]

   5. *-commutative 99.9%

      \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \left(\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 4\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 4\right)}} + 1\right)} \]

   6. swap-sqr 99.9%

      \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \left(4 \cdot 4\right)}} + 1\right)} \]

   7. add-sqr-sqrt 99.9%

      \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{x} \cdot \left(4 \cdot 4\right)} + 1\right)} \]

   8. metadata-eval 99.9%

      \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \left(\sqrt{x \cdot \color{blue}{16}} + 1\right)} \]

7. Applied egg-rr 99.9%

   \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{x \cdot 16} + 1\right)}} \]

8. Final simplification 99.9%

   \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \left(\sqrt{x \cdot 16} + 1\right)} \]

Alternative 2: 96.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.2:\\ \;\;\;\;6 \cdot x - 6\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{6 \cdot x}{x + \left(1 + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x 1.2)
   (- (* 6.0 x) 6.0)
   (/ (* 6.0 x) (+ x (+ 1.0 (* 4.0 (sqrt x)))))))

C

double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= 1.2) {
		tmp = (6.0 * x) - 6.0;
	} else {
		tmp = (6.0 * x) / (x + (1.0 + (4.0 * sqrt(x))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x <= 1.2d0) then
        tmp = (6.0d0 * x) - 6.0d0
    else
        tmp = (6.0d0 * x) / (x + (1.0d0 + (4.0d0 * sqrt(x))))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= 1.2) {
		tmp = (6.0 * x) - 6.0;
	} else {
		tmp = (6.0 * x) / (x + (1.0 + (4.0 * Math.sqrt(x))));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= 1.2:
		tmp = (6.0 * x) - 6.0
	else:
		tmp = (6.0 * x) / (x + (1.0 + (4.0 * math.sqrt(x))))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= 1.2)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(6.0 * x) - 6.0);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(6.0 * x) / Float64(x + Float64(1.0 + Float64(4.0 * sqrt(x)))));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(x)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= 1.2)
		tmp = (6.0 * x) - 6.0;
	else
		tmp = (6.0 * x) / (x + (1.0 + (4.0 * sqrt(x))));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.2], N[(N[(6.0 * x), $MachinePrecision] - 6.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(6.0 * x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + N[(1.0 + N[(4.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if x < 1.19999999999999996

   1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{6 \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*l/ 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]

      2. +-commutative 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{4 \cdot \sqrt{x} + \left(x + 1\right)}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right) \]

      3. fma-def 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right) \]

      4. sub-neg 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + \left(-1\right)\right)} \]

      5. metadata-eval 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(x + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]

   3. Simplified 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(x + -1\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 94.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{1}} \cdot \left(x + -1\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. metadata-eval 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6} \cdot \left(x + -1\right) \]

      2. distribute-rgt-in 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot 6 + -1 \cdot 6} \]

      3. metadata-eval 94.2%

         \[\leadsto x \cdot 6 + \color{blue}{-6} \]

      4. fma-def 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 6, -6\right)} \]

      5. metadata-eval 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, 6, \color{blue}{-6}\right) \]

      6. fma-neg 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot 6 - 6} \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 94.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot 6 - 6} \]

   if 1.19999999999999996 < x

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\frac{6 \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sub-neg 99.7%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + \left(-1\right)\right)}}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]

      2. metadata-eval 99.7%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6 \cdot \left(x + \color{blue}{-1}\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]

      3. associate-+l+ 99.7%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6 \cdot \left(x + -1\right)}{\color{blue}{x + \left(1 + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)}} \]

   3. Simplified 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6 \cdot \left(x + -1\right)}{x + \left(1 + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in x around inf 97.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{6 \cdot x}}{x + \left(1 + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 95.8%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.2:\\ \;\;\;\;6 \cdot x - 6\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{6 \cdot x}{x + \left(1 + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3: 95.3% accurate, 12.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;6 \cdot x - 6\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x 1.0) (- (* 6.0 x) 6.0) (* 6.0 (/ (+ x -1.0) x))))

C

double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= 1.0) {
		tmp = (6.0 * x) - 6.0;
	} else {
		tmp = 6.0 * ((x + -1.0) / x);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x <= 1.0d0) then
        tmp = (6.0d0 * x) - 6.0d0
    else
        tmp = 6.0d0 * ((x + (-1.0d0)) / x)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= 1.0) {
		tmp = (6.0 * x) - 6.0;
	} else {
		tmp = 6.0 * ((x + -1.0) / x);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= 1.0:
		tmp = (6.0 * x) - 6.0
	else:
		tmp = 6.0 * ((x + -1.0) / x)
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= 1.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(6.0 * x) - 6.0);
	else
		tmp = Float64(6.0 * Float64(Float64(x + -1.0) / x));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(x)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= 1.0)
		tmp = (6.0 * x) - 6.0;
	else
		tmp = 6.0 * ((x + -1.0) / x);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.0], N[(N[(6.0 * x), $MachinePrecision] - 6.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(6.0 * N[(N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if x < 1

   1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{6 \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*l/ 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]

      2. +-commutative 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{4 \cdot \sqrt{x} + \left(x + 1\right)}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right) \]

      3. fma-def 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right) \]

      4. sub-neg 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + \left(-1\right)\right)} \]

      5. metadata-eval 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(x + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]

   3. Simplified 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(x + -1\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 94.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{1}} \cdot \left(x + -1\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. metadata-eval 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6} \cdot \left(x + -1\right) \]

      2. distribute-rgt-in 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot 6 + -1 \cdot 6} \]

      3. metadata-eval 94.2%

         \[\leadsto x \cdot 6 + \color{blue}{-6} \]

      4. fma-def 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 6, -6\right)} \]

      5. metadata-eval 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, 6, \color{blue}{-6}\right) \]

      6. fma-neg 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot 6 - 6} \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 94.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot 6 - 6} \]

   if 1 < x

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\frac{6 \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sub-neg 99.7%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + \left(-1\right)\right)}}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]

      2. metadata-eval 99.7%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6 \cdot \left(x + \color{blue}{-1}\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]

      3. associate-+l+ 99.7%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6 \cdot \left(x + -1\right)}{\color{blue}{x + \left(1 + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)}} \]

   3. Simplified 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6 \cdot \left(x + -1\right)}{x + \left(1 + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-un-lft-identity 99.7%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6 \cdot \left(x + -1\right)}{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(x + \left(1 + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)\right)}} \]

      2. times-frac 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{1} \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \left(1 + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)}} \]

      3. associate-+r+ 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{1} \cdot \frac{x + -1}{\color{blue}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}}} \]

      4. +-commutative 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{1} \cdot \frac{x + -1}{\color{blue}{4 \cdot \sqrt{x} + \left(x + 1\right)}} \]

      5. fma-udef 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{1} \cdot \frac{x + -1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)}} \]

      6. metadata-eval 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6} \cdot \frac{x + -1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \]

      7. fma-udef 100.0%

         \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{\color{blue}{4 \cdot \sqrt{x} + \left(x + 1\right)}} \]

      8. +-commutative 100.0%

         \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{\color{blue}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}}} \]

      9. associate-+r+ 100.0%

         \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(1 + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)}} \]

      10. +-commutative 100.0%

          \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot \sqrt{x} + 1\right)}} \]

      11. fma-def 100.0%

          \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, 1\right)}} \]

   5. Applied egg-rr 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + \mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, 1\right)}} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in x around inf 94.3%

      \[\leadsto 6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{\color{blue}{x}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 94.3%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;6 \cdot x - 6\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;6 \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4: 95.3% accurate, 16.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;-6\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;6 + \frac{-6}{x}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 0.5) -6.0 (+ 6.0 (/ -6.0 x))))

C

double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= 0.5) {
		tmp = -6.0;
	} else {
		tmp = 6.0 + (-6.0 / x);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x <= 0.5d0) then
        tmp = -6.0d0
    else
        tmp = 6.0d0 + ((-6.0d0) / x)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= 0.5) {
		tmp = -6.0;
	} else {
		tmp = 6.0 + (-6.0 / x);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= 0.5:
		tmp = -6.0
	else:
		tmp = 6.0 + (-6.0 / x)
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= 0.5)
		tmp = -6.0;
	else
		tmp = Float64(6.0 + Float64(-6.0 / x));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(x)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= 0.5)
		tmp = -6.0;
	else
		tmp = 6.0 + (-6.0 / x);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 0.5], -6.0, N[(6.0 + N[(-6.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if x < 0.5

   1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{6 \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*l/ 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]

      2. +-commutative 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{4 \cdot \sqrt{x} + \left(x + 1\right)}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right) \]

      3. fma-def 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right) \]

      4. sub-neg 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + \left(-1\right)\right)} \]

      5. metadata-eval 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(x + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]

   3. Simplified 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(x + -1\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 94.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-6} \]

   if 0.5 < x

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\frac{6 \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*l/ 99.8%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]

      2. +-commutative 99.8%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{4 \cdot \sqrt{x} + \left(x + 1\right)}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right) \]

      3. fma-def 99.8%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right) \]

      4. sub-neg 99.8%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + \left(-1\right)\right)} \]

      5. metadata-eval 99.8%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(x + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]

   3. Simplified 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(x + -1\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in x around inf 94.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{x}} \cdot \left(x + -1\right) \]

   5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 94.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6 - 6 \cdot \frac{1}{x}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sub-neg 94.3%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6 + \left(-6 \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right)} \]

      2. associate-*r/ 94.3%

         \[\leadsto 6 + \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{6 \cdot 1}{x}}\right) \]

      3. metadata-eval 94.3%

         \[\leadsto 6 + \left(-\frac{\color{blue}{6}}{x}\right) \]

      4. distribute-neg-frac 94.3%

         \[\leadsto 6 + \color{blue}{\frac{-6}{x}} \]

      5. metadata-eval 94.3%

         \[\leadsto 6 + \frac{\color{blue}{-6}}{x} \]

   7. Simplified 94.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6 + \frac{-6}{x}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 94.3%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;-6\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;6 + \frac{-6}{x}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5: 95.3% accurate, 16.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;6 \cdot x - 6\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;6 + \frac{-6}{x}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x 1.0) (- (* 6.0 x) 6.0) (+ 6.0 (/ -6.0 x))))

C

double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= 1.0) {
		tmp = (6.0 * x) - 6.0;
	} else {
		tmp = 6.0 + (-6.0 / x);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x <= 1.0d0) then
        tmp = (6.0d0 * x) - 6.0d0
    else
        tmp = 6.0d0 + ((-6.0d0) / x)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= 1.0) {
		tmp = (6.0 * x) - 6.0;
	} else {
		tmp = 6.0 + (-6.0 / x);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= 1.0:
		tmp = (6.0 * x) - 6.0
	else:
		tmp = 6.0 + (-6.0 / x)
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= 1.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(6.0 * x) - 6.0);
	else
		tmp = Float64(6.0 + Float64(-6.0 / x));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(x)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= 1.0)
		tmp = (6.0 * x) - 6.0;
	else
		tmp = 6.0 + (-6.0 / x);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.0], N[(N[(6.0 * x), $MachinePrecision] - 6.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(6.0 + N[(-6.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if x < 1

   1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{6 \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*l/ 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]

      2. +-commutative 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{4 \cdot \sqrt{x} + \left(x + 1\right)}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right) \]

      3. fma-def 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right) \]

      4. sub-neg 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + \left(-1\right)\right)} \]

      5. metadata-eval 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(x + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]

   3. Simplified 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(x + -1\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 94.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{1}} \cdot \left(x + -1\right) \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. metadata-eval 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6} \cdot \left(x + -1\right) \]

      2. distribute-rgt-in 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot 6 + -1 \cdot 6} \]

      3. metadata-eval 94.2%

         \[\leadsto x \cdot 6 + \color{blue}{-6} \]

      4. fma-def 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 6, -6\right)} \]

      5. metadata-eval 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x, 6, \color{blue}{-6}\right) \]

      6. fma-neg 94.2%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot 6 - 6} \]

   6. Applied egg-rr 94.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot 6 - 6} \]

   if 1 < x

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\frac{6 \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*l/ 99.8%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]

      2. +-commutative 99.8%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{4 \cdot \sqrt{x} + \left(x + 1\right)}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right) \]

      3. fma-def 99.8%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right) \]

      4. sub-neg 99.8%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + \left(-1\right)\right)} \]

      5. metadata-eval 99.8%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(x + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]

   3. Simplified 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(x + -1\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in x around inf 94.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{x}} \cdot \left(x + -1\right) \]

   5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 94.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6 - 6 \cdot \frac{1}{x}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. sub-neg 94.3%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6 + \left(-6 \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right)} \]

      2. associate-*r/ 94.3%

         \[\leadsto 6 + \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{6 \cdot 1}{x}}\right) \]

      3. metadata-eval 94.3%

         \[\leadsto 6 + \left(-\frac{\color{blue}{6}}{x}\right) \]

      4. distribute-neg-frac 94.3%

         \[\leadsto 6 + \color{blue}{\frac{-6}{x}} \]

      5. metadata-eval 94.3%

         \[\leadsto 6 + \frac{\color{blue}{-6}}{x} \]

   7. Simplified 94.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6 + \frac{-6}{x}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 94.3%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;6 \cdot x - 6\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;6 + \frac{-6}{x}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 6: 95.3% accurate, 36.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;-6\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;6\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 1.0) -6.0 6.0))

C

double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= 1.0) {
		tmp = -6.0;
	} else {
		tmp = 6.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x <= 1.0d0) then
        tmp = -6.0d0
    else
        tmp = 6.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= 1.0) {
		tmp = -6.0;
	} else {
		tmp = 6.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= 1.0:
		tmp = -6.0
	else:
		tmp = 6.0
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= 1.0)
		tmp = -6.0;
	else
		tmp = 6.0;
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(x)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= 1.0)
		tmp = -6.0;
	else
		tmp = 6.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.0], -6.0, 6.0]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if x < 1

   1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{6 \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*l/ 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]

      2. +-commutative 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{4 \cdot \sqrt{x} + \left(x + 1\right)}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right) \]

      3. fma-def 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right) \]

      4. sub-neg 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + \left(-1\right)\right)} \]

      5. metadata-eval 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(x + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]

   3. Simplified 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(x + -1\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 94.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-6} \]

   if 1 < x

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\frac{6 \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*l/ 99.8%

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]

      2. +-commutative 99.8%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{4 \cdot \sqrt{x} + \left(x + 1\right)}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right) \]

      3. fma-def 99.8%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right) \]

      4. sub-neg 99.8%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + \left(-1\right)\right)} \]

      5. metadata-eval 99.8%

         \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(x + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]

   3. Simplified 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(x + -1\right)} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in x around inf 94.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{6} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 94.3%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;-6\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;6\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 7: 49.2% accurate, 113.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -6 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 -6.0)

C

double code(double x) {
	return -6.0;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = -6.0d0
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return -6.0;
}

Python

def code(x):
	return -6.0

Julia

function code(x)
	return -6.0
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = -6.0;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := -6.0

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.8%

   \[\frac{6 \cdot \left(x - 1\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-*l/ 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right)} \]

   2. +-commutative 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{4 \cdot \sqrt{x} + \left(x + 1\right)}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right) \]

   3. fma-def 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)}} \cdot \left(x - 1\right) \]

   4. sub-neg 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + \left(-1\right)\right)} \]

   5. metadata-eval 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(x + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]

3. Simplified 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{6}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4, \sqrt{x}, x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(x + -1\right)} \]

4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 46.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-6} \]

5. Final simplification 46.8%

   \[\leadsto -6 \]

Developer target: 99.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{6}{\frac{\left(x + 1\right) + 4 \cdot \sqrt{x}}{x - 1}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (/ 6.0 (/ (+ (+ x 1.0) (* 4.0 (sqrt x))) (- x 1.0))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return 6.0 / (((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * sqrt(x))) / (x - 1.0));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 6.0d0 / (((x + 1.0d0) + (4.0d0 * sqrt(x))) / (x - 1.0d0))
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return 6.0 / (((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * Math.sqrt(x))) / (x - 1.0));
}

Python

def code(x):
	return 6.0 / (((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * math.sqrt(x))) / (x - 1.0))

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(6.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) + Float64(4.0 * sqrt(x))) / Float64(x - 1.0)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 6.0 / (((x + 1.0) + (4.0 * sqrt(x))) / (x - 1.0));
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(6.0 / N[(N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2023181 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "Data.Approximate.Numerics:blog from approximate-0.2.2.1"
  :precision binary64

  :herbie-target
  (/ 6.0 (/ (+ (+ x 1.0) (* 4.0 (sqrt x))) (- x 1.0)))

  (/ (* 6.0 (- x 1.0)) (+ (+ x 1.0) (* 4.0 (sqrt x)))))