| Alternative 1 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 80.5% |
| Cost | 20100 |

(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(if (<= b -150000000.0)
(- (/ (- c) b) (* (pow (/ (pow (cbrt c) 2.0) b) 3.0) a))
(if (<= b 2e-90)
(* -0.5 (/ 1.0 (* a (/ 1.0 (+ b (hypot b (sqrt (* c (* a -4.0)))))))))
(/ (- b) a))))double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (b <= -150000000.0) {
tmp = (-c / b) - (pow((pow(cbrt(c), 2.0) / b), 3.0) * a);
} else if (b <= 2e-90) {
tmp = -0.5 * (1.0 / (a * (1.0 / (b + hypot(b, sqrt((c * (a * -4.0))))))));
} else {
tmp = -b / a;
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b - Math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (b <= -150000000.0) {
tmp = (-c / b) - (Math.pow((Math.pow(Math.cbrt(c), 2.0) / b), 3.0) * a);
} else if (b <= 2e-90) {
tmp = -0.5 * (1.0 / (a * (1.0 / (b + Math.hypot(b, Math.sqrt((c * (a * -4.0))))))));
} else {
tmp = -b / a;
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) - sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(4.0 * Float64(a * c))))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= -150000000.0) tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-c) / b) - Float64((Float64((cbrt(c) ^ 2.0) / b) ^ 3.0) * a)); elseif (b <= 2e-90) tmp = Float64(-0.5 * Float64(1.0 / Float64(a * Float64(1.0 / Float64(b + hypot(b, sqrt(Float64(c * Float64(a * -4.0))))))))); else tmp = Float64(Float64(-b) / a); end return tmp end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) - N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -150000000.0], N[(N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Power[N[(N[Power[N[Power[c, 1/3], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision], 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 2e-90], N[(-0.5 * N[(1.0 / N[(a * N[(1.0 / N[(b + N[Sqrt[b ^ 2 + N[Sqrt[N[(c * N[(a * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[((-b) / a), $MachinePrecision]]]
\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -150000000:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b} - {\left(\frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}{b}\right)}^{3} \cdot a\\
\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-90}:\\
\;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot \frac{1}{b + \mathsf{hypot}\left(b, \sqrt{c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)}\right)}}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\
\end{array}
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
Results
| Original | 52.4% |
|---|---|
| Target | 70.2% |
| Herbie | 80.5% |
if b < -1.5e8Initial program 13.9%
Taylor expanded in b around -inf 79.3%
Simplified81.8%
[Start]79.3% | \[ -1 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2} \cdot a}{{b}^{3}} + -1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}
\] |
|---|---|
+-commutative [=>]79.3% | \[ \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -1 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2} \cdot a}{{b}^{3}}}
\] |
mul-1-neg [=>]79.3% | \[ -1 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{{c}^{2} \cdot a}{{b}^{3}}\right)}
\] |
unsub-neg [=>]79.3% | \[ \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b} - \frac{{c}^{2} \cdot a}{{b}^{3}}}
\] |
associate-*r/ [=>]79.3% | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot c}{b}} - \frac{{c}^{2} \cdot a}{{b}^{3}}
\] |
neg-mul-1 [<=]79.3% | \[ \frac{\color{blue}{-c}}{b} - \frac{{c}^{2} \cdot a}{{b}^{3}}
\] |
associate-/l* [=>]81.8% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - \color{blue}{\frac{{c}^{2}}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}}
\] |
unpow2 [=>]81.8% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - \frac{\color{blue}{c \cdot c}}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}
\] |
Applied egg-rr94.0%
[Start]81.8% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - \frac{c \cdot c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}
\] |
|---|---|
add-cube-cbrt [=>]81.8% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{c \cdot c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{c \cdot c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}}\right) \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{c \cdot c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}}}
\] |
pow2 [=>]81.8% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - \color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{c \cdot c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{c \cdot c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}}
\] |
cbrt-div [=>]81.8% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sqrt[3]{c \cdot c}}{\sqrt[3]{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}}\right)}}^{2} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{c \cdot c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}}
\] |
cbrt-prod [=>]81.8% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{c} \cdot \sqrt[3]{c}}}{\sqrt[3]{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{c \cdot c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}}
\] |
pow2 [=>]81.8% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt[3]{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{c \cdot c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}}
\] |
cbrt-div [=>]81.8% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - {\left(\frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt[3]{{b}^{3}}}{\sqrt[3]{a}}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{c \cdot c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}}
\] |
rem-cbrt-cube [=>]81.8% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - {\left(\frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\color{blue}{b}}{\sqrt[3]{a}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \sqrt[3]{\frac{c \cdot c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}}
\] |
cbrt-div [=>]81.8% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - {\left(\frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{b}{\sqrt[3]{a}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt[3]{c \cdot c}}{\sqrt[3]{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}}}
\] |
cbrt-prod [=>]94.0% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - {\left(\frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{b}{\sqrt[3]{a}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt[3]{c} \cdot \sqrt[3]{c}}}{\sqrt[3]{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}}
\] |
pow2 [=>]94.0% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - {\left(\frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{b}{\sqrt[3]{a}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}}{\sqrt[3]{\frac{{b}^{3}}{a}}}
\] |
cbrt-div [=>]94.0% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - {\left(\frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{b}{\sqrt[3]{a}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt[3]{{b}^{3}}}{\sqrt[3]{a}}}}
\] |
rem-cbrt-cube [=>]94.0% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - {\left(\frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{b}{\sqrt[3]{a}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\color{blue}{b}}{\sqrt[3]{a}}}
\] |
Simplified94.1%
[Start]94.0% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - {\left(\frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{b}{\sqrt[3]{a}}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{b}{\sqrt[3]{a}}}
\] |
|---|---|
pow-plus [=>]94.0% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{b}{\sqrt[3]{a}}}\right)}^{\left(2 + 1\right)}}
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]94.0% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - {\left(\frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{b}{\sqrt[3]{a}}}\right)}^{\color{blue}{3}}
\] |
associate-/r/ [=>]94.0% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}{b} \cdot \sqrt[3]{a}\right)}}^{3}
\] |
cube-prod [=>]94.1% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}{b}\right)}^{3} \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{a}\right)}^{3}}
\] |
rem-cube-cbrt [=>]94.1% | \[ \frac{-c}{b} - {\left(\frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}^{2}}{b}\right)}^{3} \cdot \color{blue}{a}
\] |
if -1.5e8 < b < 1.99999999999999999e-90Initial program 67.7%
Simplified67.7%
[Start]67.7% | \[ \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}
\] |
|---|---|
/-rgt-identity [<=]67.7% | \[ \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{1}}}
\] |
metadata-eval [<=]67.7% | \[ \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{\color{blue}{--1}}}
\] |
associate-/l* [=>]67.6% | \[ \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{\frac{--1}{a}}}}
\] |
associate-/r/ [=>]67.6% | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2} \cdot \frac{--1}{a}}
\] |
*-commutative [<=]67.6% | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{--1}{a} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2}}
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]67.6% | \[ \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{a} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2}
\] |
metadata-eval [<=]67.6% | \[ \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}{a} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2}
\] |
associate-*l/ [<=]67.6% | \[ \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{a} \cdot -1\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2}
\] |
associate-/r/ [<=]67.6% | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{a}{-1}}} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2}
\] |
times-frac [<=]67.7% | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)}{\frac{a}{-1} \cdot 2}}
\] |
*-commutative [<=]67.7% | \[ \frac{-1 \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{a}{-1}}}
\] |
times-frac [=>]67.7% | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{\frac{a}{-1}}}
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]67.7% | \[ \color{blue}{-0.5} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{\frac{a}{-1}}
\] |
associate-/r/ [=>]67.7% | \[ -0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{a} \cdot -1\right)}
\] |
*-commutative [<=]67.7% | \[ -0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{a}\right)}
\] |
div-sub [=>]67.7% | \[ -0.5 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-b}{a} - \frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{a}\right)}\right)
\] |
Applied egg-rr67.6%
[Start]67.7% | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}{a}
\] |
|---|---|
clear-num [=>]67.6% | \[ -0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{a}{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}}}
\] |
inv-pow [=>]67.6% | \[ -0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{a}{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}\right)}^{-1}}
\] |
Simplified67.6%
[Start]67.6% | \[ -0.5 \cdot {\left(\frac{a}{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}\right)}^{-1}
\] |
|---|---|
unpow-1 [=>]67.6% | \[ -0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{a}{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}}}
\] |
fma-udef [=>]67.6% | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{a}{b + \sqrt{\color{blue}{a \cdot \left(c \cdot -4\right) + b \cdot b}}}}
\] |
*-commutative [=>]67.6% | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{a}{b + \sqrt{a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot c\right)} + b \cdot b}}}
\] |
associate-*l* [<=]67.6% | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{a}{b + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c} + b \cdot b}}}
\] |
+-commutative [<=]67.6% | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{a}{b + \sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b + \left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c}}}}
\] |
fma-def [=>]67.6% | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{a}{b + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot c\right)}}}}
\] |
*-commutative [=>]67.6% | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{a}{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)}\right)}}}
\] |
Applied egg-rr69.2%
[Start]67.6% | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{a}{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)\right)}}}
\] |
|---|---|
div-inv [=>]67.6% | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{1}{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)\right)}}}}
\] |
fma-udef [=>]67.6% | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot \frac{1}{b + \sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b + c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)}}}}
\] |
add-sqr-sqrt [=>]67.6% | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot \frac{1}{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b + \color{blue}{\sqrt{c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)} \cdot \sqrt{c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)}}}}}
\] |
hypot-def [=>]69.2% | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{a \cdot \frac{1}{b + \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(b, \sqrt{c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)}\right)}}}
\] |
if 1.99999999999999999e-90 < b Initial program 59.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 88.9%
Simplified88.9%
[Start]88.9% | \[ -1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}
\] |
|---|---|
associate-*r/ [=>]88.9% | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b}{a}}
\] |
mul-1-neg [=>]88.9% | \[ \frac{\color{blue}{-b}}{a}
\] |
Final simplification83.6%
| Alternative 1 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 80.5% |
| Cost | 20100 |
| Alternative 2 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 80.9% |
| Cost | 14088 |
| Alternative 3 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 82.2% |
| Cost | 7688 |
| Alternative 4 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 79.2% |
| Cost | 7432 |
| Alternative 5 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 66.7% |
| Cost | 1092 |
| Alternative 6 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 67.0% |
| Cost | 580 |
| Alternative 7 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 66.8% |
| Cost | 388 |
| Alternative 8 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 34.9% |
| Cost | 256 |
herbie shell --seed 2023178
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "The quadratic formula (r2)"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(if (< b 0.0) (/ c (* a (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))) (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))
(/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))