Octave 3.8, jcobi/1

Percentage Accurate: 74.5% → 99.6%

Time: 8.0s

Alternatives: 8

Speedup: 1.2×

Specification

\[\alpha > -1 \land \beta > -1\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\alpha + \beta\right) + 2} + 1}{2} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (alpha beta)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (/ (- beta alpha) (+ (+ alpha beta) 2.0)) 1.0) 2.0))

C

double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	return (((beta - alpha) / ((alpha + beta) + 2.0)) + 1.0) / 2.0;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(alpha, beta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: alpha
    real(8), intent (in) :: beta
    code = (((beta - alpha) / ((alpha + beta) + 2.0d0)) + 1.0d0) / 2.0d0
end function

Java

public static double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	return (((beta - alpha) / ((alpha + beta) + 2.0)) + 1.0) / 2.0;
}

Python

def code(alpha, beta):
	return (((beta - alpha) / ((alpha + beta) + 2.0)) + 1.0) / 2.0

Julia

function code(alpha, beta)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(beta - alpha) / Float64(Float64(alpha + beta) + 2.0)) + 1.0) / 2.0)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(alpha, beta)
	tmp = (((beta - alpha) / ((alpha + beta) + 2.0)) + 1.0) / 2.0;
end

Wolfram

code[alpha_, beta_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(beta - alpha), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(alpha + beta), $MachinePrecision] + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 74.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\alpha + \beta\right) + 2} + 1}{2} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (alpha beta)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (/ (- beta alpha) (+ (+ alpha beta) 2.0)) 1.0) 2.0))

C

double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	return (((beta - alpha) / ((alpha + beta) + 2.0)) + 1.0) / 2.0;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(alpha, beta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: alpha
    real(8), intent (in) :: beta
    code = (((beta - alpha) / ((alpha + beta) + 2.0d0)) + 1.0d0) / 2.0d0
end function

Java

public static double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	return (((beta - alpha) / ((alpha + beta) + 2.0)) + 1.0) / 2.0;
}

Python

def code(alpha, beta):
	return (((beta - alpha) / ((alpha + beta) + 2.0)) + 1.0) / 2.0

Julia

function code(alpha, beta)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(beta - alpha) / Float64(Float64(alpha + beta) + 2.0)) + 1.0) / 2.0)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(alpha, beta)
	tmp = (((beta - alpha) / ((alpha + beta) + 2.0)) + 1.0) / 2.0;
end

Wolfram

code[alpha_, beta_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(beta - alpha), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(alpha + beta), $MachinePrecision] + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 99.6% accurate, 0.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \beta + \left(\alpha + 2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} \leq -0.999995:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2 + \beta \cdot 2}{\alpha}}{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\beta}{t_0} + \left(1 - \frac{\alpha}{t_0}\right)}{2}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (alpha beta)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (+ beta (+ alpha 2.0))))
   (if (<= (/ (- beta alpha) (+ (+ beta alpha) 2.0)) -0.999995)
     (/ (/ (+ 2.0 (* beta 2.0)) alpha) 2.0)
     (/ (+ (/ beta t_0) (- 1.0 (/ alpha t_0))) 2.0))))

C

double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	double t_0 = beta + (alpha + 2.0);
	double tmp;
	if (((beta - alpha) / ((beta + alpha) + 2.0)) <= -0.999995) {
		tmp = ((2.0 + (beta * 2.0)) / alpha) / 2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = ((beta / t_0) + (1.0 - (alpha / t_0))) / 2.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(alpha, beta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: alpha
    real(8), intent (in) :: beta
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = beta + (alpha + 2.0d0)
    if (((beta - alpha) / ((beta + alpha) + 2.0d0)) <= (-0.999995d0)) then
        tmp = ((2.0d0 + (beta * 2.0d0)) / alpha) / 2.0d0
    else
        tmp = ((beta / t_0) + (1.0d0 - (alpha / t_0))) / 2.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	double t_0 = beta + (alpha + 2.0);
	double tmp;
	if (((beta - alpha) / ((beta + alpha) + 2.0)) <= -0.999995) {
		tmp = ((2.0 + (beta * 2.0)) / alpha) / 2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = ((beta / t_0) + (1.0 - (alpha / t_0))) / 2.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(alpha, beta):
	t_0 = beta + (alpha + 2.0)
	tmp = 0
	if ((beta - alpha) / ((beta + alpha) + 2.0)) <= -0.999995:
		tmp = ((2.0 + (beta * 2.0)) / alpha) / 2.0
	else:
		tmp = ((beta / t_0) + (1.0 - (alpha / t_0))) / 2.0
	return tmp

Julia

function code(alpha, beta)
	t_0 = Float64(beta + Float64(alpha + 2.0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(beta - alpha) / Float64(Float64(beta + alpha) + 2.0)) <= -0.999995)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 + Float64(beta * 2.0)) / alpha) / 2.0);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(beta / t_0) + Float64(1.0 - Float64(alpha / t_0))) / 2.0);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(alpha, beta)
	t_0 = beta + (alpha + 2.0);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (((beta - alpha) / ((beta + alpha) + 2.0)) <= -0.999995)
		tmp = ((2.0 + (beta * 2.0)) / alpha) / 2.0;
	else
		tmp = ((beta / t_0) + (1.0 - (alpha / t_0))) / 2.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[alpha_, beta_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(beta + N[(alpha + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(beta - alpha), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(beta + alpha), $MachinePrecision] + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -0.999995], N[(N[(N[(2.0 + N[(beta * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / alpha), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(beta / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 - N[(alpha / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f64 (-.f64 beta alpha) (+.f64 (+.f64 alpha beta) 2)) < -0.99999499999999997

   1. Initial program 5.8%

      \[\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\alpha + \beta\right) + 2} + 1}{2} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 5.8%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\color{blue}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right)} + 2} + 1}{2} \]

   3. Simplified 5.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} + 1}{2}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in alpha around inf 99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2 + 2 \cdot \beta}{\alpha}}}{2} \]

   if -0.99999499999999997 < (/.f64 (-.f64 beta alpha) (+.f64 (+.f64 alpha beta) 2))

   1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\alpha + \beta\right) + 2} + 1}{2} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\color{blue}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right)} + 2} + 1}{2} \]

   3. Simplified 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} + 1}{2}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. div-sub 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\beta}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} - \frac{\alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2}\right)} + 1}{2} \]

      2. associate-+l- 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\beta}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} - \left(\frac{\alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} - 1\right)}}{2} \]

      3. associate-+l+ 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta}{\color{blue}{\beta + \left(\alpha + 2\right)}} - \left(\frac{\alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} - 1\right)}{2} \]

      4. associate-+l+ 99.9%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta}{\beta + \left(\alpha + 2\right)} - \left(\frac{\alpha}{\color{blue}{\beta + \left(\alpha + 2\right)}} - 1\right)}{2} \]

   5. Applied egg-rr 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\beta}{\beta + \left(\alpha + 2\right)} - \left(\frac{\alpha}{\beta + \left(\alpha + 2\right)} - 1\right)}}{2} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 99.8%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} \leq -0.999995:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2 + \beta \cdot 2}{\alpha}}{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\beta}{\beta + \left(\alpha + 2\right)} + \left(1 - \frac{\alpha}{\beta + \left(\alpha + 2\right)}\right)}{2}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 2: 99.6% accurate, 0.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t_0 \leq -0.999995:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2 + \beta \cdot 2}{\alpha}}{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t_0 + 1}{2}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (alpha beta)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (- beta alpha) (+ (+ beta alpha) 2.0))))
   (if (<= t_0 -0.999995)
     (/ (/ (+ 2.0 (* beta 2.0)) alpha) 2.0)
     (/ (+ t_0 1.0) 2.0))))

C

double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	double t_0 = (beta - alpha) / ((beta + alpha) + 2.0);
	double tmp;
	if (t_0 <= -0.999995) {
		tmp = ((2.0 + (beta * 2.0)) / alpha) / 2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = (t_0 + 1.0) / 2.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(alpha, beta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: alpha
    real(8), intent (in) :: beta
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = (beta - alpha) / ((beta + alpha) + 2.0d0)
    if (t_0 <= (-0.999995d0)) then
        tmp = ((2.0d0 + (beta * 2.0d0)) / alpha) / 2.0d0
    else
        tmp = (t_0 + 1.0d0) / 2.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	double t_0 = (beta - alpha) / ((beta + alpha) + 2.0);
	double tmp;
	if (t_0 <= -0.999995) {
		tmp = ((2.0 + (beta * 2.0)) / alpha) / 2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = (t_0 + 1.0) / 2.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(alpha, beta):
	t_0 = (beta - alpha) / ((beta + alpha) + 2.0)
	tmp = 0
	if t_0 <= -0.999995:
		tmp = ((2.0 + (beta * 2.0)) / alpha) / 2.0
	else:
		tmp = (t_0 + 1.0) / 2.0
	return tmp

Julia

function code(alpha, beta)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(beta - alpha) / Float64(Float64(beta + alpha) + 2.0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_0 <= -0.999995)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 + Float64(beta * 2.0)) / alpha) / 2.0);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 + 1.0) / 2.0);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(alpha, beta)
	t_0 = (beta - alpha) / ((beta + alpha) + 2.0);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_0 <= -0.999995)
		tmp = ((2.0 + (beta * 2.0)) / alpha) / 2.0;
	else
		tmp = (t_0 + 1.0) / 2.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[alpha_, beta_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(beta - alpha), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(beta + alpha), $MachinePrecision] + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, -0.999995], N[(N[(N[(2.0 + N[(beta * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / alpha), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(t$95$0 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f64 (-.f64 beta alpha) (+.f64 (+.f64 alpha beta) 2)) < -0.99999499999999997

   1. Initial program 5.8%

      \[\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\alpha + \beta\right) + 2} + 1}{2} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 5.8%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\color{blue}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right)} + 2} + 1}{2} \]

   3. Simplified 5.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} + 1}{2}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in alpha around inf 99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2 + 2 \cdot \beta}{\alpha}}}{2} \]

   if -0.99999499999999997 < (/.f64 (-.f64 beta alpha) (+.f64 (+.f64 alpha beta) 2))

   1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\alpha + \beta\right) + 2} + 1}{2} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 99.8%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} \leq -0.999995:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2 + \beta \cdot 2}{\alpha}}{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} + 1}{2}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3: 70.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{1 + \beta \cdot 0.5}{2}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\beta \leq -4.8 \cdot 10^{-127}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\beta \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-143}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2}{\alpha}}{2}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\beta \leq 2:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (alpha beta)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (+ 1.0 (* beta 0.5)) 2.0)))
   (if (<= beta -4.8e-127)
     t_0
     (if (<= beta -7e-143) (/ (/ 2.0 alpha) 2.0) (if (<= beta 2.0) t_0 1.0)))))

C

double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	double t_0 = (1.0 + (beta * 0.5)) / 2.0;
	double tmp;
	if (beta <= -4.8e-127) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (beta <= -7e-143) {
		tmp = (2.0 / alpha) / 2.0;
	} else if (beta <= 2.0) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(alpha, beta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: alpha
    real(8), intent (in) :: beta
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = (1.0d0 + (beta * 0.5d0)) / 2.0d0
    if (beta <= (-4.8d-127)) then
        tmp = t_0
    else if (beta <= (-7d-143)) then
        tmp = (2.0d0 / alpha) / 2.0d0
    else if (beta <= 2.0d0) then
        tmp = t_0
    else
        tmp = 1.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	double t_0 = (1.0 + (beta * 0.5)) / 2.0;
	double tmp;
	if (beta <= -4.8e-127) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (beta <= -7e-143) {
		tmp = (2.0 / alpha) / 2.0;
	} else if (beta <= 2.0) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(alpha, beta):
	t_0 = (1.0 + (beta * 0.5)) / 2.0
	tmp = 0
	if beta <= -4.8e-127:
		tmp = t_0
	elif beta <= -7e-143:
		tmp = (2.0 / alpha) / 2.0
	elif beta <= 2.0:
		tmp = t_0
	else:
		tmp = 1.0
	return tmp

Julia

function code(alpha, beta)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(beta * 0.5)) / 2.0)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (beta <= -4.8e-127)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (beta <= -7e-143)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(2.0 / alpha) / 2.0);
	elseif (beta <= 2.0)
		tmp = t_0;
	else
		tmp = 1.0;
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(alpha, beta)
	t_0 = (1.0 + (beta * 0.5)) / 2.0;
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (beta <= -4.8e-127)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (beta <= -7e-143)
		tmp = (2.0 / alpha) / 2.0;
	elseif (beta <= 2.0)
		tmp = t_0;
	else
		tmp = 1.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[alpha_, beta_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(1.0 + N[(beta * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[beta, -4.8e-127], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[beta, -7e-143], N[(N[(2.0 / alpha), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[beta, 2.0], t$95$0, 1.0]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if beta < -4.79999999999999964e-127 or -7.00000000000000011e-143 < beta < 2

   1. Initial program 73.4%

      \[\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\alpha + \beta\right) + 2} + 1}{2} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 73.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\color{blue}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right)} + 2} + 1}{2} \]

   3. Simplified 73.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} + 1}{2}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in alpha around 0 71.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\beta}{\beta + 2}} + 1}{2} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in beta around 0 71.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \beta} + 1}{2} \]

   if -4.79999999999999964e-127 < beta < -7.00000000000000011e-143

   1. Initial program 25.4%

      \[\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\alpha + \beta\right) + 2} + 1}{2} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 25.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\color{blue}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right)} + 2} + 1}{2} \]

   3. Simplified 25.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} + 1}{2}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in beta around 0 25.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - \frac{\alpha}{2 + \alpha}}}{2} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 25.4%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \frac{\alpha}{\color{blue}{\alpha + 2}}}{2} \]

   6. Simplified 25.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - \frac{\alpha}{\alpha + 2}}}{2} \]

   7. Taylor expanded in alpha around inf 78.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{\alpha}}}{2} \]

   if 2 < beta

   1. Initial program 92.0%

      \[\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\alpha + \beta\right) + 2} + 1}{2} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 92.0%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\color{blue}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right)} + 2} + 1}{2} \]

   3. Simplified 92.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} + 1}{2}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in beta around inf 90.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2}}{2} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 77.9%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\beta \leq -4.8 \cdot 10^{-127}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1 + \beta \cdot 0.5}{2}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\beta \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-143}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2}{\alpha}}{2}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\beta \leq 2:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1 + \beta \cdot 0.5}{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4: 93.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\alpha \leq 32000:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1 + \frac{\beta}{\beta + 2}}{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\beta}{\alpha} + \frac{\beta - -2}{\alpha}}{2}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (alpha beta)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= alpha 32000.0)
   (/ (+ 1.0 (/ beta (+ beta 2.0))) 2.0)
   (/ (+ (/ beta alpha) (/ (- beta -2.0) alpha)) 2.0)))

C

double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	double tmp;
	if (alpha <= 32000.0) {
		tmp = (1.0 + (beta / (beta + 2.0))) / 2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = ((beta / alpha) + ((beta - -2.0) / alpha)) / 2.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(alpha, beta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: alpha
    real(8), intent (in) :: beta
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (alpha <= 32000.0d0) then
        tmp = (1.0d0 + (beta / (beta + 2.0d0))) / 2.0d0
    else
        tmp = ((beta / alpha) + ((beta - (-2.0d0)) / alpha)) / 2.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	double tmp;
	if (alpha <= 32000.0) {
		tmp = (1.0 + (beta / (beta + 2.0))) / 2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = ((beta / alpha) + ((beta - -2.0) / alpha)) / 2.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(alpha, beta):
	tmp = 0
	if alpha <= 32000.0:
		tmp = (1.0 + (beta / (beta + 2.0))) / 2.0
	else:
		tmp = ((beta / alpha) + ((beta - -2.0) / alpha)) / 2.0
	return tmp

Julia

function code(alpha, beta)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (alpha <= 32000.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(beta / Float64(beta + 2.0))) / 2.0);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(beta / alpha) + Float64(Float64(beta - -2.0) / alpha)) / 2.0);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(alpha, beta)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (alpha <= 32000.0)
		tmp = (1.0 + (beta / (beta + 2.0))) / 2.0;
	else
		tmp = ((beta / alpha) + ((beta - -2.0) / alpha)) / 2.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[alpha_, beta_] := If[LessEqual[alpha, 32000.0], N[(N[(1.0 + N[(beta / N[(beta + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(beta / alpha), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(beta - -2.0), $MachinePrecision] / alpha), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if alpha < 32000

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\alpha + \beta\right) + 2} + 1}{2} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\color{blue}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right)} + 2} + 1}{2} \]

   3. Simplified 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} + 1}{2}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in alpha around 0 98.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\beta}{\beta + 2}} + 1}{2} \]

   if 32000 < alpha

   1. Initial program 24.3%

      \[\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\alpha + \beta\right) + 2} + 1}{2} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 24.3%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\color{blue}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right)} + 2} + 1}{2} \]

   3. Simplified 24.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} + 1}{2}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. div-sub 24.3%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\beta}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} - \frac{\alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2}\right)} + 1}{2} \]

      2. associate-+l- 25.8%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\beta}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} - \left(\frac{\alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} - 1\right)}}{2} \]

      3. associate-+l+ 25.8%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta}{\color{blue}{\beta + \left(\alpha + 2\right)}} - \left(\frac{\alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} - 1\right)}{2} \]

      4. associate-+l+ 25.8%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta}{\beta + \left(\alpha + 2\right)} - \left(\frac{\alpha}{\color{blue}{\beta + \left(\alpha + 2\right)}} - 1\right)}{2} \]

   5. Applied egg-rr 25.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\beta}{\beta + \left(\alpha + 2\right)} - \left(\frac{\alpha}{\beta + \left(\alpha + 2\right)} - 1\right)}}{2} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in alpha around inf 8.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\beta}{\alpha}} - \left(\frac{\alpha}{\beta + \left(\alpha + 2\right)} - 1\right)}{2} \]

   7. Taylor expanded in alpha around inf 81.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta}{\alpha} - \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{\beta + 2}{\alpha}}}{2} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ 81.7%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta}{\alpha} - \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(\beta + 2\right)}{\alpha}}}{2} \]

      2. neg-mul-1 81.7%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta}{\alpha} - \frac{\color{blue}{-\left(\beta + 2\right)}}{\alpha}}{2} \]

      3. +-commutative 81.7%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta}{\alpha} - \frac{-\color{blue}{\left(2 + \beta\right)}}{\alpha}}{2} \]

      4. distribute-neg-in 81.7%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta}{\alpha} - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-2\right) + \left(-\beta\right)}}{\alpha}}{2} \]

      5. metadata-eval 81.7%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta}{\alpha} - \frac{\color{blue}{-2} + \left(-\beta\right)}{\alpha}}{2} \]

      6. unsub-neg 81.7%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta}{\alpha} - \frac{\color{blue}{-2 - \beta}}{\alpha}}{2} \]

   9. Simplified 81.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta}{\alpha} - \color{blue}{\frac{-2 - \beta}{\alpha}}}{2} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 93.8%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\alpha \leq 32000:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1 + \frac{\beta}{\beta + 2}}{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\beta}{\alpha} + \frac{\beta - -2}{\alpha}}{2}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5: 87.8% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\alpha \leq 230000:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1 + \frac{\beta}{\beta + 2}}{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2}{\alpha}}{2}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (alpha beta)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= alpha 230000.0)
   (/ (+ 1.0 (/ beta (+ beta 2.0))) 2.0)
   (/ (/ 2.0 alpha) 2.0)))

C

double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	double tmp;
	if (alpha <= 230000.0) {
		tmp = (1.0 + (beta / (beta + 2.0))) / 2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = (2.0 / alpha) / 2.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(alpha, beta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: alpha
    real(8), intent (in) :: beta
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (alpha <= 230000.0d0) then
        tmp = (1.0d0 + (beta / (beta + 2.0d0))) / 2.0d0
    else
        tmp = (2.0d0 / alpha) / 2.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	double tmp;
	if (alpha <= 230000.0) {
		tmp = (1.0 + (beta / (beta + 2.0))) / 2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = (2.0 / alpha) / 2.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(alpha, beta):
	tmp = 0
	if alpha <= 230000.0:
		tmp = (1.0 + (beta / (beta + 2.0))) / 2.0
	else:
		tmp = (2.0 / alpha) / 2.0
	return tmp

Julia

function code(alpha, beta)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (alpha <= 230000.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(beta / Float64(beta + 2.0))) / 2.0);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(2.0 / alpha) / 2.0);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(alpha, beta)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (alpha <= 230000.0)
		tmp = (1.0 + (beta / (beta + 2.0))) / 2.0;
	else
		tmp = (2.0 / alpha) / 2.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[alpha_, beta_] := If[LessEqual[alpha, 230000.0], N[(N[(1.0 + N[(beta / N[(beta + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(2.0 / alpha), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if alpha < 2.3e5

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\alpha + \beta\right) + 2} + 1}{2} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\color{blue}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right)} + 2} + 1}{2} \]

   3. Simplified 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} + 1}{2}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in alpha around 0 98.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\beta}{\beta + 2}} + 1}{2} \]

   if 2.3e5 < alpha

   1. Initial program 24.3%

      \[\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\alpha + \beta\right) + 2} + 1}{2} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 24.3%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\color{blue}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right)} + 2} + 1}{2} \]

   3. Simplified 24.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} + 1}{2}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in beta around 0 6.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - \frac{\alpha}{2 + \alpha}}}{2} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 6.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \frac{\alpha}{\color{blue}{\alpha + 2}}}{2} \]

   6. Simplified 6.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - \frac{\alpha}{\alpha + 2}}}{2} \]

   7. Taylor expanded in alpha around inf 71.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{\alpha}}}{2} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 90.9%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\alpha \leq 230000:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1 + \frac{\beta}{\beta + 2}}{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2}{\alpha}}{2}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 6: 93.1% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\alpha \leq 1360:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1 + \frac{\beta}{\beta + 2}}{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2 + \beta \cdot 2}{\alpha}}{2}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (alpha beta)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= alpha 1360.0)
   (/ (+ 1.0 (/ beta (+ beta 2.0))) 2.0)
   (/ (/ (+ 2.0 (* beta 2.0)) alpha) 2.0)))

C

double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	double tmp;
	if (alpha <= 1360.0) {
		tmp = (1.0 + (beta / (beta + 2.0))) / 2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = ((2.0 + (beta * 2.0)) / alpha) / 2.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(alpha, beta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: alpha
    real(8), intent (in) :: beta
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (alpha <= 1360.0d0) then
        tmp = (1.0d0 + (beta / (beta + 2.0d0))) / 2.0d0
    else
        tmp = ((2.0d0 + (beta * 2.0d0)) / alpha) / 2.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	double tmp;
	if (alpha <= 1360.0) {
		tmp = (1.0 + (beta / (beta + 2.0))) / 2.0;
	} else {
		tmp = ((2.0 + (beta * 2.0)) / alpha) / 2.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(alpha, beta):
	tmp = 0
	if alpha <= 1360.0:
		tmp = (1.0 + (beta / (beta + 2.0))) / 2.0
	else:
		tmp = ((2.0 + (beta * 2.0)) / alpha) / 2.0
	return tmp

Julia

function code(alpha, beta)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (alpha <= 1360.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(beta / Float64(beta + 2.0))) / 2.0);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 + Float64(beta * 2.0)) / alpha) / 2.0);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(alpha, beta)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (alpha <= 1360.0)
		tmp = (1.0 + (beta / (beta + 2.0))) / 2.0;
	else
		tmp = ((2.0 + (beta * 2.0)) / alpha) / 2.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[alpha_, beta_] := If[LessEqual[alpha, 1360.0], N[(N[(1.0 + N[(beta / N[(beta + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(2.0 + N[(beta * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / alpha), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if alpha < 1360

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\alpha + \beta\right) + 2} + 1}{2} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\color{blue}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right)} + 2} + 1}{2} \]

   3. Simplified 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} + 1}{2}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in alpha around 0 98.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\beta}{\beta + 2}} + 1}{2} \]

   if 1360 < alpha

   1. Initial program 24.3%

      \[\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\alpha + \beta\right) + 2} + 1}{2} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 24.3%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\color{blue}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right)} + 2} + 1}{2} \]

   3. Simplified 24.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} + 1}{2}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in alpha around inf 81.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2 + 2 \cdot \beta}{\alpha}}}{2} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 93.8%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\alpha \leq 1360:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1 + \frac{\beta}{\beta + 2}}{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2 + \beta \cdot 2}{\alpha}}{2}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 7: 52.7% accurate, 1.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\alpha \leq 58000:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2}{\alpha}}{2}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (alpha beta)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= alpha 58000.0) 1.0 (/ (/ 2.0 alpha) 2.0)))

C

double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	double tmp;
	if (alpha <= 58000.0) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = (2.0 / alpha) / 2.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(alpha, beta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: alpha
    real(8), intent (in) :: beta
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (alpha <= 58000.0d0) then
        tmp = 1.0d0
    else
        tmp = (2.0d0 / alpha) / 2.0d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	double tmp;
	if (alpha <= 58000.0) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = (2.0 / alpha) / 2.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(alpha, beta):
	tmp = 0
	if alpha <= 58000.0:
		tmp = 1.0
	else:
		tmp = (2.0 / alpha) / 2.0
	return tmp

Julia

function code(alpha, beta)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (alpha <= 58000.0)
		tmp = 1.0;
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(2.0 / alpha) / 2.0);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(alpha, beta)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (alpha <= 58000.0)
		tmp = 1.0;
	else
		tmp = (2.0 / alpha) / 2.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[alpha_, beta_] := If[LessEqual[alpha, 58000.0], 1.0, N[(N[(2.0 / alpha), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if alpha < 58000

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\alpha + \beta\right) + 2} + 1}{2} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 100.0%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\color{blue}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right)} + 2} + 1}{2} \]

   3. Simplified 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} + 1}{2}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in beta around inf 46.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2}}{2} \]

   if 58000 < alpha

   1. Initial program 24.3%

      \[\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\alpha + \beta\right) + 2} + 1}{2} \]
   2. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 24.3%

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\color{blue}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right)} + 2} + 1}{2} \]

   3. Simplified 24.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} + 1}{2}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in beta around 0 6.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - \frac{\alpha}{2 + \alpha}}}{2} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative 6.2%

         \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \frac{\alpha}{\color{blue}{\alpha + 2}}}{2} \]

   6. Simplified 6.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - \frac{\alpha}{\alpha + 2}}}{2} \]

   7. Taylor expanded in alpha around inf 71.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{\alpha}}}{2} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 54.1%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\alpha \leq 58000:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2}{\alpha}}{2}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 8: 37.3% accurate, 13.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (alpha beta) :precision binary64 1.0)

C

double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	return 1.0;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(alpha, beta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: alpha
    real(8), intent (in) :: beta
    code = 1.0d0
end function

Java

public static double code(double alpha, double beta) {
	return 1.0;
}

Python

def code(alpha, beta):
	return 1.0

Julia

function code(alpha, beta)
	return 1.0
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(alpha, beta)
	tmp = 1.0;
end

Wolfram

code[alpha_, beta_] := 1.0

Derivation

1. Initial program 77.8%

   \[\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\alpha + \beta\right) + 2} + 1}{2} \]
2. Step-by-step derivation

   1. +-commutative 77.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\color{blue}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right)} + 2} + 1}{2} \]

3. Simplified 77.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\beta - \alpha}{\left(\beta + \alpha\right) + 2} + 1}{2}} \]

4. Taylor expanded in beta around inf 39.5%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2}}{2} \]

5. Final simplification 39.5%

   \[\leadsto 1 \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2023174 
(FPCore (alpha beta)
  :name "Octave 3.8, jcobi/1"
  :precision binary64
  :pre (and (> alpha -1.0) (> beta -1.0))
  (/ (+ (/ (- beta alpha) (+ (+ alpha beta) 2.0)) 1.0) 2.0))