
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (acosh x))
float code(float x) {
return acoshf(x);
}
function code(x) return acosh(x) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = acosh(x); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\cosh^{-1} x
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (log (+ x (sqrt (- (* x x) 1.0)))))
float code(float x) {
return logf((x + sqrtf(((x * x) - 1.0f))));
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = log((x + sqrt(((x * x) - 1.0e0))))
end function
function code(x) return log(Float32(x + sqrt(Float32(Float32(x * x) - Float32(1.0))))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((x + sqrt(((x * x) - single(1.0))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(x + \sqrt{x \cdot x - 1}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (log (- (* x 2.0) (+ (/ 0.5 x) (/ 0.125 (pow x 3.0))))))
float code(float x) {
return logf(((x * 2.0f) - ((0.5f / x) + (0.125f / powf(x, 3.0f)))));
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = log(((x * 2.0e0) - ((0.5e0 / x) + (0.125e0 / (x ** 3.0e0)))))
end function
function code(x) return log(Float32(Float32(x * Float32(2.0)) - Float32(Float32(Float32(0.5) / x) + Float32(Float32(0.125) / (x ^ Float32(3.0)))))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log(((x * single(2.0)) - ((single(0.5) / x) + (single(0.125) / (x ^ single(3.0)))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(x \cdot 2 - \left(\frac{0.5}{x} + \frac{0.125}{{x}^{3}}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 49.1%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.5%
*-commutative98.5%
associate-*r/98.5%
metadata-eval98.5%
associate-*r/98.5%
metadata-eval98.5%
Simplified98.5%
Final simplification98.5%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (log (- (* x 2.0) (/ 0.5 x))))
float code(float x) {
return logf(((x * 2.0f) - (0.5f / x)));
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = log(((x * 2.0e0) - (0.5e0 / x)))
end function
function code(x) return log(Float32(Float32(x * Float32(2.0)) - Float32(Float32(0.5) / x))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log(((x * single(2.0)) - (single(0.5) / x))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(x \cdot 2 - \frac{0.5}{x}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 49.1%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.4%
*-commutative98.4%
associate-*r/98.4%
metadata-eval98.4%
Simplified98.4%
Final simplification98.4%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (log (- (* x 2.0) 0.001953125)))
float code(float x) {
return logf(((x * 2.0f) - 0.001953125f));
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = log(((x * 2.0e0) - 0.001953125e0))
end function
function code(x) return log(Float32(Float32(x * Float32(2.0)) - Float32(0.001953125))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log(((x * single(2.0)) - single(0.001953125))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(x \cdot 2 - 0.001953125\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 49.1%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.5%
*-commutative98.5%
associate-*r/98.5%
metadata-eval98.5%
associate-*r/98.5%
metadata-eval98.5%
Simplified98.5%
metadata-eval98.5%
cube-div98.5%
add-cube-cbrt98.5%
cube-prod98.5%
Applied egg-rr98.4%
Simplified97.7%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 97.4%
Final simplification97.4%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (log (+ x 1.0625)))
float code(float x) {
return logf((x + 1.0625f));
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = log((x + 1.0625e0))
end function
function code(x) return log(Float32(x + Float32(1.0625))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((x + single(1.0625))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(x + 1.0625\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 49.1%
difference-of-sqr-149.2%
sub-neg49.2%
metadata-eval49.2%
Applied egg-rr49.2%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 -0.0%
Simplified44.5%
Final simplification44.5%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (log (+ x x)))
float code(float x) {
return logf((x + x));
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = log((x + x))
end function
function code(x) return log(Float32(x + x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((x + x)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(x + x\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 49.1%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 97.4%
Final simplification97.4%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (log x))
float code(float x) {
return logf(x);
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = log(x)
end function
function code(x) return log(x) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log(x); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log x
\end{array}
Initial program 49.1%
difference-of-sqr-149.2%
sub-neg49.2%
metadata-eval49.2%
Applied egg-rr49.2%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 -0.0%
Simplified44.5%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 44.3%
mul-1-neg44.3%
log-rec44.3%
remove-double-neg44.3%
Simplified44.3%
Final simplification44.3%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 0.8333333333333334)
float code(float x) {
return 0.8333333333333334f;
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = 0.8333333333333334e0
end function
function code(x) return Float32(0.8333333333333334) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = single(0.8333333333333334); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.8333333333333334
\end{array}
Initial program 49.1%
difference-of-sqr-149.2%
sub-neg49.2%
metadata-eval49.2%
Applied egg-rr49.2%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 -0.0%
Simplified20.7%
Final simplification20.7%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 2.125)
float code(float x) {
return 2.125f;
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = 2.125e0
end function
function code(x) return Float32(2.125) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = single(2.125); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
2.125
\end{array}
Initial program 49.1%
difference-of-sqr-149.2%
sub-neg49.2%
metadata-eval49.2%
Applied egg-rr49.2%
Taylor expanded in x around -inf -0.0%
Simplified22.0%
Final simplification22.0%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 63.333333333333336)
float code(float x) {
return 63.333333333333336f;
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = 63.333333333333336e0
end function
function code(x) return Float32(63.333333333333336) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = single(63.333333333333336); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
63.333333333333336
\end{array}
Initial program 49.1%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.5%
*-commutative98.5%
associate-*r/98.5%
metadata-eval98.5%
associate-*r/98.5%
metadata-eval98.5%
Simplified98.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 -0.0%
Simplified31.7%
Final simplification31.7%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary32 (log (+ x (* (sqrt (- x 1.0)) (sqrt (+ x 1.0))))))
float code(float x) {
return logf((x + (sqrtf((x - 1.0f)) * sqrtf((x + 1.0f)))));
}
real(4) function code(x)
real(4), intent (in) :: x
code = log((x + (sqrt((x - 1.0e0)) * sqrt((x + 1.0e0)))))
end function
function code(x) return log(Float32(x + Float32(sqrt(Float32(x - Float32(1.0))) * sqrt(Float32(x + Float32(1.0)))))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = log((x + (sqrt((x - single(1.0))) * sqrt((x + single(1.0)))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(x + \sqrt{x - 1} \cdot \sqrt{x + 1}\right)
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023174
(FPCore (x)
:name "Rust f32::acosh"
:precision binary32
:pre (>= x 1.0)
:herbie-target
(log (+ x (* (sqrt (- x 1.0)) (sqrt (+ x 1.0)))))
(log (+ x (sqrt (- (* x x) 1.0)))))