
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t_0\right) + t_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
(*
(- s)
(log
(-
(/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) t_0)) t_0))
1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
float t_0 = 1.0f / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)));
return -s * logf(((1.0f / ((u * ((1.0f / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - 1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) t_0 = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))) return Float32(Float32(-s) * log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - Float32(1.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) t_0 = single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s))); tmp = -s * log(((single(1.0) / ((u * ((single(1.0) / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) - t_0)) + t_0)) - single(1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}\\
\left(-s\right) \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{u \cdot \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} - t_0\right) + t_0} - 1\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (u s)
:precision binary32
(*
s
(-
(log
(+
(/
1.0
(+
(/ u (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s))))
(/ (- 1.0 u) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s))))))
-1.0)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * -logf(((1.0f / ((u / (1.0f + expf((-((float) M_PI) / s)))) + ((1.0f - u) / (1.0f + expf((((float) M_PI) / s)))))) + -1.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(u / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-Float32(pi)) / s)))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u) / Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(pi) / s)))))) + Float32(-1.0))))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * -log(((single(1.0) / ((u / (single(1.0) + exp((-single(pi) / s)))) + ((single(1.0) - u) / (single(1.0) + exp((single(pi) / s)))))) + single(-1.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(-\log \left(\frac{1}{\frac{u}{1 + e^{\frac{-\pi}{s}}} + \frac{1 - u}{1 + e^{\frac{\pi}{s}}}} + -1\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.9%
sub-neg98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Final simplification98.9%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (log1p (expm1 (* s (* -4.0 (/ (* PI (fma -0.5 u 0.25)) s))))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return log1pf(expm1f((s * (-4.0f * ((((float) M_PI) * fmaf(-0.5f, u, 0.25f)) / s)))));
}
function code(u, s) return log1p(expm1(Float32(s * Float32(Float32(-4.0) * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * fma(Float32(-0.5), u, Float32(0.25))) / s))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(s \cdot \left(-4 \cdot \frac{\pi \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u, 0.25\right)}{s}\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.9%
sub-neg98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.0%
associate--r+11.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.0%
distribute-rgt-out--11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
Simplified11.0%
*-un-lft-identity11.0%
add-sqr-sqrt11.0%
times-frac11.0%
+-commutative11.0%
fma-def11.0%
associate-*l*11.0%
Applied egg-rr11.0%
associate-*l/11.0%
*-lft-identity11.0%
fma-udef11.0%
+-commutative11.0%
distribute-lft-out11.0%
Simplified11.0%
log1p-expm1-u11.0%
distribute-lft-neg-in11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
associate-/l/11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
fma-udef11.0%
add-sqr-sqrt11.0%
Applied egg-rr11.0%
Final simplification11.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (* (fma 0.25 (/ PI s) (* -0.5 (/ u (/ s PI)))) (- 4.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * (fmaf(0.25f, (((float) M_PI) / s), (-0.5f * (u / (s / ((float) M_PI))))) * -4.0f);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(fma(Float32(0.25), Float32(Float32(pi) / s), Float32(Float32(-0.5) * Float32(u / Float32(s / Float32(pi))))) * Float32(-Float32(4.0)))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{\pi}{s}, -0.5 \cdot \frac{u}{\frac{s}{\pi}}\right) \cdot \left(-4\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.9%
sub-neg98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.0%
associate--r+11.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.0%
distribute-rgt-out--11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
Simplified11.0%
*-un-lft-identity11.0%
add-cube-cbrt11.0%
times-frac11.0%
pow211.0%
+-commutative11.0%
fma-def11.0%
associate-*l*11.0%
Applied egg-rr11.0%
associate-*l/11.0%
*-lft-identity11.0%
fma-udef11.0%
+-commutative11.0%
distribute-lft-out11.0%
Simplified11.0%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 11.0%
fma-def11.0%
associate-/l*11.0%
Simplified11.0%
Final simplification11.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (* (/ PI s) (* -4.0 (fma -0.5 u 0.25)))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * ((((float) M_PI) / s) * (-4.0f * fmaf(-0.5f, u, 0.25f)));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) / s) * Float32(Float32(-4.0) * fma(Float32(-0.5), u, Float32(0.25))))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \left(\frac{\pi}{s} \cdot \left(-4 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u, 0.25\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.9%
sub-neg98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.0%
associate--r+11.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.0%
distribute-rgt-out--11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
Simplified11.0%
*-un-lft-identity11.0%
add-cube-cbrt11.0%
times-frac11.0%
pow211.0%
+-commutative11.0%
fma-def11.0%
associate-*l*11.0%
Applied egg-rr11.0%
associate-*l/11.0%
*-lft-identity11.0%
fma-udef11.0%
+-commutative11.0%
distribute-lft-out11.0%
Simplified11.0%
div-inv11.0%
associate-/l*11.0%
fma-def11.0%
Applied egg-rr11.0%
associate-*l/11.0%
fma-udef11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
+-commutative11.0%
associate-/r/11.0%
associate-*r/11.0%
*-rgt-identity11.0%
+-commutative11.0%
fma-def11.0%
Simplified11.0%
pow111.0%
distribute-lft-neg-in11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
Applied egg-rr11.0%
unpow111.0%
associate-*r*11.0%
associate-/l/11.0%
unpow211.0%
rem-3cbrt-rft11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
associate-*r/11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
associate-*r*11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
associate-*l/11.0%
associate-*l*11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
Simplified11.0%
Final simplification11.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* s (/ (* PI (+ -1.0 (* u 2.0))) s)))
float code(float u, float s) {
return s * ((((float) M_PI) * (-1.0f + (u * 2.0f))) / s);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(s * Float32(Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(u * Float32(2.0)))) / s)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = s * ((single(pi) * (single(-1.0) + (u * single(2.0)))) / s); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
s \cdot \frac{\pi \cdot \left(-1 + u \cdot 2\right)}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.9%
sub-neg98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.0%
pow111.0%
distribute-lft-neg-in11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
fma-def11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
Applied egg-rr11.0%
unpow111.0%
associate-*r*11.0%
associate-*r/11.0%
Simplified11.0%
Final simplification11.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (* PI (+ -1.0 (* u 2.0))))
float code(float u, float s) {
return ((float) M_PI) * (-1.0f + (u * 2.0f));
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(Float32(-1.0) + Float32(u * Float32(2.0)))) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(pi) * (single(-1.0) + (u * single(2.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\pi \cdot \left(-1 + u \cdot 2\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.9%
sub-neg98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf 11.0%
associate--r+11.0%
cancel-sign-sub-inv11.0%
distribute-rgt-out--11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
Simplified11.0%
Taylor expanded in s around 0 11.0%
distribute-lft-in11.0%
associate-*r*11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
associate-*r*11.0%
metadata-eval11.0%
associate-*r*11.0%
distribute-rgt-out11.0%
*-commutative11.0%
Simplified11.0%
Final simplification11.0%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 (- PI))
float code(float u, float s) {
return -((float) M_PI);
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(-Float32(pi)) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = -single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.9%
sub-neg98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 10.7%
mul-1-neg10.7%
Simplified10.7%
Final simplification10.7%
(FPCore (u s) :precision binary32 PI)
float code(float u, float s) {
return (float) M_PI;
}
function code(u, s) return Float32(pi) end
function tmp = code(u, s) tmp = single(pi); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\pi
\end{array}
Initial program 98.9%
distribute-lft-neg-out98.9%
distribute-rgt-neg-in98.9%
sub-neg98.9%
Simplified98.9%
Taylor expanded in u around 0 10.7%
expm1-log1p-u-0.0%
expm1-udef-0.0%
add-sqr-sqrt-0.0%
sqrt-unprod3.3%
sqr-neg3.3%
sqrt-unprod4.7%
add-sqr-sqrt4.7%
Applied egg-rr4.7%
expm1-def4.7%
expm1-log1p4.7%
associate-*r/4.7%
associate-*l/4.7%
*-inverses4.7%
*-lft-identity4.7%
Simplified4.7%
Final simplification4.7%
herbie shell --seed 2023174
(FPCore (u s)
:name "Sample trimmed logistic on [-pi, pi]"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u) (<= u 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631)))
(* (- s) (log (- (/ 1.0 (+ (* u (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- PI) s)))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (/ PI s)))))) 1.0))))