
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = log((1.0d0 + exp(x))) - (x * y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return Math.log((1.0 + Math.exp(x))) - (x * y);
}
def code(x, y): return math.log((1.0 + math.exp(x))) - (x * y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(log(Float64(1.0 + exp(x))) - Float64(x * y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(1 + e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 7 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = log((1.0d0 + exp(x))) - (x * y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return Math.log((1.0 + Math.exp(x))) - (x * y);
}
def code(x, y): return math.log((1.0 + math.exp(x))) - (x * y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(log(Float64(1.0 + exp(x))) - Float64(x * y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y); end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(1 + e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y
\end{array}
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -80000000.0) (- (* x y)) (+ (* x (- 0.5 y)) (log 2.0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -80000000.0) {
tmp = -(x * y);
} else {
tmp = (x * (0.5 - y)) + log(2.0);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-80000000.0d0)) then
tmp = -(x * y)
else
tmp = (x * (0.5d0 - y)) + log(2.0d0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -80000000.0) {
tmp = -(x * y);
} else {
tmp = (x * (0.5 - y)) + Math.log(2.0);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -80000000.0: tmp = -(x * y) else: tmp = (x * (0.5 - y)) + math.log(2.0) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -80000000.0) tmp = Float64(-Float64(x * y)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(x * Float64(0.5 - y)) + log(2.0)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -80000000.0) tmp = -(x * y); else tmp = (x * (0.5 - y)) + log(2.0); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -80000000.0], (-N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), N[(N[(x * N[(0.5 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -80000000:\\
\;\;\;\;-x \cdot y\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(0.5 - y\right) + \log 2\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -8e7Initial program 100.0%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 100.0%
associate-*r*100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
mul-1-neg100.0%
Simplified100.0%
if -8e7 < x Initial program 99.5%
log1p-def99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.6%
Final simplification99.7%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (fma x (- y) (log1p (exp x))))
double code(double x, double y) {
return fma(x, -y, log1p(exp(x)));
}
function code(x, y) return fma(x, Float64(-y), log1p(exp(x))) end
code[x_, y_] := N[(x * (-y) + N[Log[1 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(x, -y, \mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{x}\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
sub-neg99.6%
+-commutative99.6%
distribute-rgt-neg-in99.6%
fma-def99.6%
log1p-def99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (log1p (exp x)) (* x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return log1p(exp(x)) - (x * y);
}
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return Math.log1p(Math.exp(x)) - (x * y);
}
def code(x, y): return math.log1p(math.exp(x)) - (x * y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(log1p(exp(x)) - Float64(x * y)) end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[Log[1 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
log1p-def99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -80000000.0) (- (* x y)) (- (log 2.0) (* x y))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -80000000.0) {
tmp = -(x * y);
} else {
tmp = log(2.0) - (x * y);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-80000000.0d0)) then
tmp = -(x * y)
else
tmp = log(2.0d0) - (x * y)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -80000000.0) {
tmp = -(x * y);
} else {
tmp = Math.log(2.0) - (x * y);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -80000000.0: tmp = -(x * y) else: tmp = math.log(2.0) - (x * y) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -80000000.0) tmp = Float64(-Float64(x * y)); else tmp = Float64(log(2.0) - Float64(x * y)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -80000000.0) tmp = -(x * y); else tmp = log(2.0) - (x * y); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -80000000.0], (-N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), N[(N[Log[2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -80000000:\\
\;\;\;\;-x \cdot y\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log 2 - x \cdot y\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -8e7Initial program 100.0%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 100.0%
associate-*r*100.0%
*-commutative100.0%
mul-1-neg100.0%
Simplified100.0%
if -8e7 < x Initial program 99.5%
log1p-def99.5%
Simplified99.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.4%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -3.5e-30) (- (* x y)) (if (<= x 1e-74) (log 2.0) (* x (- 0.5 y)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -3.5e-30) {
tmp = -(x * y);
} else if (x <= 1e-74) {
tmp = log(2.0);
} else {
tmp = x * (0.5 - y);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-3.5d-30)) then
tmp = -(x * y)
else if (x <= 1d-74) then
tmp = log(2.0d0)
else
tmp = x * (0.5d0 - y)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -3.5e-30) {
tmp = -(x * y);
} else if (x <= 1e-74) {
tmp = Math.log(2.0);
} else {
tmp = x * (0.5 - y);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= -3.5e-30: tmp = -(x * y) elif x <= 1e-74: tmp = math.log(2.0) else: tmp = x * (0.5 - y) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -3.5e-30) tmp = Float64(-Float64(x * y)); elseif (x <= 1e-74) tmp = log(2.0); else tmp = Float64(x * Float64(0.5 - y)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -3.5e-30) tmp = -(x * y); elseif (x <= 1e-74) tmp = log(2.0); else tmp = x * (0.5 - y); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -3.5e-30], (-N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), If[LessEqual[x, 1e-74], N[Log[2.0], $MachinePrecision], N[(x * N[(0.5 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -3.5 \cdot 10^{-30}:\\
\;\;\;\;-x \cdot y\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 10^{-74}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log 2\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(0.5 - y\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -3.5000000000000003e-30Initial program 100.0%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 97.8%
associate-*r*97.8%
*-commutative97.8%
mul-1-neg97.8%
Simplified97.8%
if -3.5000000000000003e-30 < x < 9.99999999999999958e-75Initial program 100.0%
log1p-def100.0%
Simplified100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 82.5%
if 9.99999999999999958e-75 < x Initial program 96.5%
log1p-def96.5%
Simplified96.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 72.7%
Final simplification86.5%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (* x y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
return -(x * y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = -(x * y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return -(x * y);
}
def code(x, y): return -(x * y)
function code(x, y) return Float64(-Float64(x * y)) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = -(x * y); end
code[x_, y_] := (-N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision])
\begin{array}{l}
\\
-x \cdot y
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
log1p-def99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 50.5%
associate-*r*50.5%
*-commutative50.5%
mul-1-neg50.5%
Simplified50.5%
Final simplification50.5%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (* x 0.5))
double code(double x, double y) {
return x * 0.5;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
code = x * 0.5d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
return x * 0.5;
}
def code(x, y): return x * 0.5
function code(x, y) return Float64(x * 0.5) end
function tmp = code(x, y) tmp = x * 0.5; end
code[x_, y_] := N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
x \cdot 0.5
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
log1p-def99.6%
Simplified99.6%
Taylor expanded in x around 0 83.7%
Taylor expanded in y around 0 51.6%
Taylor expanded in x around inf 3.4%
*-commutative3.4%
Simplified3.4%
Final simplification3.4%
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 0.0) (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)) (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp (- x)))) (* (- x) (- 1.0 y)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 0.0) {
tmp = log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y);
} else {
tmp = log((1.0 + exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0 - y));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: y
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= 0.0d0) then
tmp = log((1.0d0 + exp(x))) - (x * y)
else
tmp = log((1.0d0 + exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0d0 - y))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 0.0) {
tmp = Math.log((1.0 + Math.exp(x))) - (x * y);
} else {
tmp = Math.log((1.0 + Math.exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0 - y));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x, y): tmp = 0 if x <= 0.0: tmp = math.log((1.0 + math.exp(x))) - (x * y) else: tmp = math.log((1.0 + math.exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0 - y)) return tmp
function code(x, y) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 0.0) tmp = Float64(log(Float64(1.0 + exp(x))) - Float64(x * y)); else tmp = Float64(log(Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-x)))) - Float64(Float64(-x) * Float64(1.0 - y))); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= 0.0) tmp = log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y); else tmp = log((1.0 + exp(-x))) - (-x * (1.0 - y)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, 0.0], N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-x)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[((-x) * N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(1 + e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(1 + e^{-x}\right) - \left(-x\right) \cdot \left(1 - y\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2023172
(FPCore (x y)
:name "Logistic regression 2"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(if (<= x 0.0) (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)) (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp (- x)))) (* (- x) (- 1.0 y))))
(- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)))