Bearing on a great circle

?

Percentage Accurate: 79.0% → 99.7%
Time: 42.3s
Precision: binary64
Cost: 110080

?

\[\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
↓
\[\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(-\cos \phi_2\right)\right)\right)} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (atan2
  (* (sin (- lambda1 lambda2)) (cos phi2))
  (-
   (* (cos phi1) (sin phi2))
   (* (* (sin phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))))
↓
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (atan2
  (*
   (fma (sin lambda1) (cos lambda2) (* (cos lambda1) (- (sin lambda2))))
   (cos phi2))
  (fma
   (cos phi1)
   (sin phi2)
   (*
    (fma (sin lambda2) (sin lambda1) (* (cos lambda2) (cos lambda1)))
    (* (sin phi1) (- (cos phi2)))))))
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return atan2((sin((lambda1 - lambda2)) * cos(phi2)), ((cos(phi1) * sin(phi2)) - ((sin(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2)))));
}
↓
double code(double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return atan2((fma(sin(lambda1), cos(lambda2), (cos(lambda1) * -sin(lambda2))) * cos(phi2)), fma(cos(phi1), sin(phi2), (fma(sin(lambda2), sin(lambda1), (cos(lambda2) * cos(lambda1))) * (sin(phi1) * -cos(phi2)))));
}

function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return atan(Float64(sin(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)) * cos(phi2)), Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(phi2)) - Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2)))))
end
↓
function code(lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return atan(Float64(fma(sin(lambda1), cos(lambda2), Float64(cos(lambda1) * Float64(-sin(lambda2)))) * cos(phi2)), fma(cos(phi1), sin(phi2), Float64(fma(sin(lambda2), sin(lambda1), Float64(cos(lambda2) * cos(lambda1))) * Float64(sin(phi1) * Float64(-cos(phi2))))))
end

code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
↓
code[lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[lambda1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[lambda2], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[lambda1], $MachinePrecision] * (-N[Sin[lambda2], $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Sin[lambda2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[lambda1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[lambda2], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[lambda1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * (-N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}
↓
\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(-\cos \phi_2\right)\right)\right)}

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Herbie found 30 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup

Accuracy vs Speed

The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Bogosity?

Bogosity

Derivation?

  1. Initial program 81.7%

    \[\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]

  2. Applied egg-rr90.4%

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \left(-\cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
    Step-by-step derivation

    [Start]81.7%

    \[ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]

    sin-diff [=>]90.4%

    \[ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]

    cancel-sign-sub-inv [=>]90.4%

    \[ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \left(-\cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]

    fma-def [=>]90.4%

    \[ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \left(-\cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]

  3. Applied egg-rr99.7%

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \left(-\cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right)}} \]
    Step-by-step derivation

    [Start]90.4%

    \[ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \left(-\cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]

    cos-diff [=>]99.7%

    \[ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \left(-\cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}} \]

    +-commutative [=>]99.7%

    \[ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \left(-\cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2 + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)}} \]

    *-commutative [=>]99.7%

    \[ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \left(-\cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin \lambda_2 \cdot \sin \lambda_1} + \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)} \]

    fma-def [=>]99.7%

    \[ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \left(-\cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2\right)}} \]

    *-commutative [=>]99.7%

    \[ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \left(-\cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1, \color{blue}{\cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1}\right)} \]

  4. Applied egg-rr99.7%

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \left(-\cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, -\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right)\right)}} \]
    Step-by-step derivation

    [Start]99.7%

    \[ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \left(-\cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right)} \]

    fma-neg [=>]99.7%

    \[ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \left(-\cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, -\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right)\right)}} \]

  5. Final simplification99.7%

    \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(-\cos \phi_2\right)\right)\right)} \]

Alternatives

Alternative 1
Accuracy99.7%
Cost110080
\[\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(-\cos \phi_2\right)\right)\right)} \]
Alternative 2
Accuracy99.7%
Cost103808
\[\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_2 \cdot \left(-\cos \lambda_1\right) - \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right)\right)} \]
Alternative 3
Accuracy94.5%
Cost97480
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\\ t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\\ t_2 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\\ t_3 := \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -1.4 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_1}{t_0 - t_2 \cdot t_3}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 1.28 \cdot 10^{-33}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_1}{t_0 - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_2, \sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_1}{t_0 - t_2 \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{t_3}\right)}^{3}}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 4
Accuracy99.7%
Cost97472
\[\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)\right)} \]
Alternative 5
Accuracy93.2%
Cost91144
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\\ t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\\ t_2 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\\ t_3 := \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -6.8 \cdot 10^{-20}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_1}{t_0 - t_2 \cdot t_3}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 6.1 \cdot 10^{-61}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_1}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_2 \cdot \left(-\cos \lambda_1\right) - \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_1}{t_0 - t_2 \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{t_3}\right)}^{3}}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 6
Accuracy93.2%
Cost78217
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -1.26 \cdot 10^{-16} \lor \neg \left(\phi_2 \leq 6.1 \cdot 10^{-61}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_2 \cdot \left(-\cos \lambda_1\right) - \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 7
Accuracy93.3%
Cost78216
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-16}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_1}{t_0}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_2 \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{-61}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_1}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_2 \cdot \left(-\cos \lambda_1\right) - \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}{t_0}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 8
Accuracy87.9%
Cost71945
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -0.008 \lor \neg \left(\phi_1 \leq 3.2 \cdot 10^{-33}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_2 \cdot \cos \lambda_1 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \phi_1\right) + 1\right) - \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \phi_1\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 9
Accuracy89.5%
Cost71680
\[\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)} \]
Alternative 10
Accuracy88.0%
Cost71492
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ t_2 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -0.008:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_2}{t_0 - t_1 \cdot \log \left({\left(e^{\sin \phi_1}\right)}^{\cos \phi_2}\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \phi_1\right) + 1\right) - t_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \phi_1\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_2}{t_0 - \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot t_1}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 11
Accuracy88.0%
Cost65864
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ t_2 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\\ t_3 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -0.008:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_3}{t_0 - t_1 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(t_2\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_2 \cdot \left(-0.5 \cdot \left(\phi_1 \cdot \phi_1\right) + 1\right) - t_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \phi_1\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_3}{t_0 - t_2 \cdot t_1}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 12
Accuracy88.0%
Cost65352
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ t_2 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\\ t_3 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -0.008:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_3}{t_0 - t_1 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(t_2\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 2.5 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_2 - t_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \phi_1\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_3}{t_0 - t_2 \cdot t_1}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 13
Accuracy87.0%
Cost65156
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ t_2 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\\ t_3 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -7.5 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_3}{t_0 - t_1 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(t_2\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\phi_1 \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{-8}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_3}{t_0 - t_2 \cdot t_1}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 14
Accuracy87.1%
Cost52489
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -1.15 \cdot 10^{-16} \lor \neg \left(\phi_1 \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{-8}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_2}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 15
Accuracy87.0%
Cost52489
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-11} \lor \neg \left(\phi_1 \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{-8}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_2}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 16
Accuracy78.6%
Cost52424
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\\ t_1 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\\ \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_2 \leq -0.024:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}{\sin \phi_2}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\lambda_2 \leq 6 \cdot 10^{+28}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{t_1 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot t_0}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)}{t_1 - t_0 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 17
Accuracy70.4%
Cost52361
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\\ t_1 := \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 \leq -450000000 \lor \neg \left(\lambda_1 \leq 160000000000\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}{t_0 - \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot t_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{t_0 - \sin \phi_1 \cdot t_1}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 18
Accuracy78.4%
Cost52361
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\\ \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 \leq -280000000 \lor \neg \left(\lambda_1 \leq 23000000\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}{t_0 - \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{t_0 - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 19
Accuracy79.3%
Cost52360
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ t_1 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2\\ \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_2 \leq -0.0034:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}{\sin \phi_2}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\lambda_2 \leq 9.8 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_0}{t_1 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_0}{t_1 - \cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\cos \lambda_2 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 20
Accuracy73.9%
Cost52041
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -3900 \lor \neg \left(\phi_1 \leq 3.6 \cdot 10^{-8}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \lambda_1, \cos \lambda_2, \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \left(-\sin \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_2}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 21
Accuracy73.9%
Cost45961
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq -3900 \lor \neg \left(\phi_1 \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{-8}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}{\sin \phi_2}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 22
Accuracy71.4%
Cost45705
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -0.000225 \lor \neg \left(\phi_2 \leq 0.0028\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \left(\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 - \cos \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}{\sin \phi_2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 23
Accuracy64.8%
Cost39561
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\phi_2 \leq -0.055 \lor \neg \left(\phi_2 \leq 0.00295\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_0}{\sin \phi_2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t_0}{\phi_2 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 24
Accuracy50.7%
Cost39172
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq 4.7 \cdot 10^{-35}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\sin \phi_2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \lambda_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 25
Accuracy43.9%
Cost26185
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 \leq -2.5 \cdot 10^{-12} \lor \neg \left(\lambda_1 \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{-61}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)}{\sin \phi_2}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 26
Accuracy38.1%
Cost26121
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_2 \leq -1.38 \cdot 10^{-56} \lor \neg \left(\lambda_2 \leq 4.3 \cdot 10^{-45}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\sin \phi_2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2}{\sin \phi_2}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 27
Accuracy49.2%
Cost25984
\[\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_2 \cdot \sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\sin \phi_2} \]
Alternative 28
Accuracy29.5%
Cost19657
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 \leq -55000000000000 \lor \neg \left(\lambda_1 \leq 1.7 \cdot 10^{+15}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \lambda_1}{\sin \phi_2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(-\lambda_2\right)}{\sin \phi_2}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 29
Accuracy32.2%
Cost19456
\[\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)}{\sin \phi_2} \]
Alternative 30
Accuracy24.4%
Cost19328
\[\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin \lambda_1}{\sin \phi_2} \]

Reproduce?

herbie shell --seed 2023165 
(FPCore (lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
  :name "Bearing on a great circle"
  :precision binary64
  (atan2 (* (sin (- lambda1 lambda2)) (cos phi2)) (- (* (cos phi1) (sin phi2)) (* (* (sin phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))))