| Alternative 1 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 85.6% |
| Cost | 13896 |

(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (/ (- c) b)))
(if (<= b -1.32e-23)
t_0
(if (<= b -1.05e-97)
(*
-0.5
(/ (/ (* 4.0 (* c a)) (- b (hypot b (sqrt (* c (* a -4.0)))))) a))
(if (<= b -7.5e-143)
t_0
(if (<= b 8e+142)
(* -0.5 (/ (+ b (sqrt (fma a (* c -4.0) (* b b)))) a))
(/ (- b) a)))))))double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = -c / b;
double tmp;
if (b <= -1.32e-23) {
tmp = t_0;
} else if (b <= -1.05e-97) {
tmp = -0.5 * (((4.0 * (c * a)) / (b - hypot(b, sqrt((c * (a * -4.0)))))) / a);
} else if (b <= -7.5e-143) {
tmp = t_0;
} else if (b <= 8e+142) {
tmp = -0.5 * ((b + sqrt(fma(a, (c * -4.0), (b * b)))) / a);
} else {
tmp = -b / a;
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) - sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(4.0 * Float64(a * c))))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = Float64(Float64(-c) / b) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= -1.32e-23) tmp = t_0; elseif (b <= -1.05e-97) tmp = Float64(-0.5 * Float64(Float64(Float64(4.0 * Float64(c * a)) / Float64(b - hypot(b, sqrt(Float64(c * Float64(a * -4.0)))))) / a)); elseif (b <= -7.5e-143) tmp = t_0; elseif (b <= 8e+142) tmp = Float64(-0.5 * Float64(Float64(b + sqrt(fma(a, Float64(c * -4.0), Float64(b * b)))) / a)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(-b) / a); end return tmp end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) - N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, -1.32e-23], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[b, -1.05e-97], N[(-0.5 * N[(N[(N[(4.0 * N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b - N[Sqrt[b ^ 2 + N[Sqrt[N[(c * N[(a * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, -7.5e-143], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[b, 8e+142], N[(-0.5 * N[(N[(b + N[Sqrt[N[(a * N[(c * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[((-b) / a), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{-c}{b}\\
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1.32 \cdot 10^{-23}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\
\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq -1.05 \cdot 10^{-97}:\\
\;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)}{b - \mathsf{hypot}\left(b, \sqrt{c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)}\right)}}{a}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq -7.5 \cdot 10^{-143}:\\
\;\;\;\;t_0\\
\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 8 \cdot 10^{+142}:\\
\;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}{a}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\
\end{array}
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
| Original | 51.6% |
|---|---|
| Target | 70.2% |
| Herbie | 85.5% |
if b < -1.31999999999999994e-23 or -1.0500000000000001e-97 < b < -7.5000000000000003e-143Initial program 11.4%
Taylor expanded in b around -inf 90.6%
Simplified90.6%
[Start]90.6 | \[ -1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}
\] |
|---|---|
associate-*r/ [=>]90.6 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot c}{b}}
\] |
neg-mul-1 [<=]90.6 | \[ \frac{\color{blue}{-c}}{b}
\] |
if -1.31999999999999994e-23 < b < -1.0500000000000001e-97Initial program 73.4%
Simplified73.4%
[Start]73.4 | \[ \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}
\] |
|---|---|
/-rgt-identity [<=]73.4 | \[ \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{1}}}
\] |
metadata-eval [<=]73.4 | \[ \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{\color{blue}{--1}}}
\] |
associate-/l* [=>]73.2 | \[ \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{\frac{--1}{a}}}}
\] |
associate-/r/ [=>]73.1 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2} \cdot \frac{--1}{a}}
\] |
*-commutative [<=]73.1 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{--1}{a} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2}}
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]73.1 | \[ \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{a} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2}
\] |
metadata-eval [<=]73.1 | \[ \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}{a} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2}
\] |
associate-*l/ [<=]73.1 | \[ \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{a} \cdot -1\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2}
\] |
associate-/r/ [<=]73.1 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{a}{-1}}} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2}
\] |
times-frac [<=]73.4 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)}{\frac{a}{-1} \cdot 2}}
\] |
*-commutative [<=]73.4 | \[ \frac{-1 \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{a}{-1}}}
\] |
times-frac [=>]73.4 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{\frac{a}{-1}}}
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]73.4 | \[ \color{blue}{-0.5} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{\frac{a}{-1}}
\] |
associate-/r/ [=>]73.4 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{a} \cdot -1\right)}
\] |
*-commutative [<=]73.4 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{a}\right)}
\] |
div-sub [=>]73.4 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-b}{a} - \frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{a}\right)}\right)
\] |
Applied egg-rr72.8%
[Start]73.4 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}{a}
\] |
|---|---|
flip-+ [=>]73.4 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{b \cdot b - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}{b - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}}}{a}
\] |
add-sqr-sqrt [<=]73.1 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}{b - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}}{a}
\] |
div-sub [=>]73.1 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{b \cdot b}{b - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}} - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}{b - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}}}{a}
\] |
fma-udef [=>]73.1 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{b \cdot b}{b - \sqrt{\color{blue}{a \cdot \left(c \cdot -4\right) + b \cdot b}}} - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}{b - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}}{a}
\] |
+-commutative [=>]73.1 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{b \cdot b}{b - \sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b + a \cdot \left(c \cdot -4\right)}}} - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}{b - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}}{a}
\] |
add-sqr-sqrt [=>]72.8 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{b \cdot b}{b - \sqrt{b \cdot b + \color{blue}{\sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot -4\right)} \cdot \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot -4\right)}}}} - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}{b - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}}{a}
\] |
hypot-def [=>]72.8 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{b \cdot b}{b - \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(b, \sqrt{a \cdot \left(c \cdot -4\right)}\right)}} - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}{b - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}}{a}
\] |
associate-*r* [=>]72.8 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{b \cdot b}{b - \mathsf{hypot}\left(b, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4}}\right)} - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}{b - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)}}}{a}
\] |
Simplified89.9%
[Start]72.8 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{b \cdot b}{b - \mathsf{hypot}\left(b, \sqrt{\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4}\right)} - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)}{b - \mathsf{hypot}\left(b, \sqrt{\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4}\right)}}{a}
\] |
|---|---|
div-sub [<=]72.8 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{b \cdot b - \mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)}{b - \mathsf{hypot}\left(b, \sqrt{\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4}\right)}}}{a}
\] |
fma-udef [=>]72.8 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{b \cdot b - \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b + \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)}}{b - \mathsf{hypot}\left(b, \sqrt{\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4}\right)}}{a}
\] |
associate--r+ [=>]89.9 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b - b \cdot b\right) - \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4}}{b - \mathsf{hypot}\left(b, \sqrt{\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4}\right)}}{a}
\] |
+-inverses [=>]89.9 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{0} - \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4}{b - \mathsf{hypot}\left(b, \sqrt{\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4}\right)}}{a}
\] |
neg-sub0 [<=]89.9 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{-\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4}}{b - \mathsf{hypot}\left(b, \sqrt{\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4}\right)}}{a}
\] |
*-commutative [=>]89.9 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{-\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot a\right)} \cdot -4}{b - \mathsf{hypot}\left(b, \sqrt{\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4}\right)}}{a}
\] |
distribute-rgt-neg-in [=>]89.9 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(--4\right)}}{b - \mathsf{hypot}\left(b, \sqrt{\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4}\right)}}{a}
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]89.9 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{4}}{b - \mathsf{hypot}\left(b, \sqrt{\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4}\right)}}{a}
\] |
*-commutative [=>]89.9 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot 4}{b - \mathsf{hypot}\left(b, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot a\right)} \cdot -4}\right)}}{a}
\] |
associate-*l* [=>]89.9 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot 4}{b - \mathsf{hypot}\left(b, \sqrt{\color{blue}{c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)}}\right)}}{a}
\] |
if -7.5000000000000003e-143 < b < 8.00000000000000041e142Initial program 88.1%
Simplified88.1%
[Start]88.1 | \[ \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}
\] |
|---|---|
/-rgt-identity [<=]88.1 | \[ \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{1}}}
\] |
metadata-eval [<=]88.1 | \[ \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{\color{blue}{--1}}}
\] |
associate-/l* [=>]88.0 | \[ \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{\frac{--1}{a}}}}
\] |
associate-/r/ [=>]88.0 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2} \cdot \frac{--1}{a}}
\] |
*-commutative [<=]88.0 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{--1}{a} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2}}
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]88.0 | \[ \frac{\color{blue}{1}}{a} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2}
\] |
metadata-eval [<=]88.0 | \[ \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot -1}}{a} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2}
\] |
associate-*l/ [<=]88.0 | \[ \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{a} \cdot -1\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2}
\] |
associate-/r/ [<=]88.0 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{a}{-1}}} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2}
\] |
times-frac [<=]88.1 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)}{\frac{a}{-1} \cdot 2}}
\] |
*-commutative [<=]88.1 | \[ \frac{-1 \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{a}{-1}}}
\] |
times-frac [=>]88.1 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{\frac{a}{-1}}}
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]88.1 | \[ \color{blue}{-0.5} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{\frac{a}{-1}}
\] |
associate-/r/ [=>]88.1 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{a} \cdot -1\right)}
\] |
*-commutative [<=]88.1 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{a}\right)}
\] |
div-sub [=>]88.1 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-b}{a} - \frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{a}\right)}\right)
\] |
if 8.00000000000000041e142 < b Initial program 41.8%
Taylor expanded in b around inf 93.4%
Simplified93.4%
[Start]93.4 | \[ -1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}
\] |
|---|---|
associate-*r/ [=>]93.4 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b}{a}}
\] |
mul-1-neg [=>]93.4 | \[ \frac{\color{blue}{-b}}{a}
\] |
Final simplification90.3%
| Alternative 1 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 85.6% |
| Cost | 13896 |
| Alternative 2 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 85.6% |
| Cost | 7688 |
| Alternative 3 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 79.8% |
| Cost | 7432 |
| Alternative 4 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 43.0% |
| Cost | 388 |
| Alternative 5 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 68.5% |
| Cost | 388 |
| Alternative 6 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 2.5% |
| Cost | 192 |
| Alternative 7 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 11.0% |
| Cost | 192 |
herbie shell --seed 2023161
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "The quadratic formula (r2)"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(if (< b 0.0) (/ c (* a (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))) (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))
(/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))