Quadratic roots, wide range

Percentage Accurate: 17.4% → 97.7%

Time: 18.8s

Precision: binary64

Cost: 40704

\[\left(\left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < a \land a < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right) \land \left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < b \land b < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right)\right) \land \left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < c \land c < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right)\]

Math

\[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a} \]

↓

\[\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, {\left(a \cdot c\right)}^{4} \cdot \frac{20}{a \cdot {b}^{7}}, \frac{-2 \cdot {c}^{3}}{\frac{{b}^{5}}{a \cdot a}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - a \cdot \frac{c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{c}} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))

↓

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (-
  (fma
   -0.25
   (* (pow (* a c) 4.0) (/ 20.0 (* a (pow b 7.0))))
   (- (/ (* -2.0 (pow c 3.0)) (/ (pow b 5.0) (* a a))) (/ c b)))
  (* a (/ c (/ (pow b 3.0) c)))))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}

↓

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return fma(-0.25, (pow((a * c), 4.0) * (20.0 / (a * pow(b, 7.0)))), (((-2.0 * pow(c, 3.0)) / (pow(b, 5.0) / (a * a))) - (c / b))) - (a * (c / (pow(b, 3.0) / c)));
}

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a))
end

↓

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(fma(-0.25, Float64((Float64(a * c) ^ 4.0) * Float64(20.0 / Float64(a * (b ^ 7.0)))), Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * (c ^ 3.0)) / Float64((b ^ 5.0) / Float64(a * a))) - Float64(c / b))) - Float64(a * Float64(c / Float64((b ^ 3.0) / c))))
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

↓

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(-0.25 * N[(N[Power[N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(20.0 / N[(a * N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(c / N[(N[Power[b, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 16.4%

   \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a} \]

2. Simplified 16.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)} - b\right) \cdot \frac{0.5}{a}} \]
   Step-by-step derivation

   [Start] 16.4	\[ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a} \]
   /-rgt-identity [<=] 16.4	\[ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{1}}} \]
   metadata-eval [<=] 16.4	\[ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{\color{blue}{--1}}} \]
   associate-/l* [<=] 16.4	\[ \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right) \cdot \left(--1\right)}{2 \cdot a}} \]
   associate-*r/ [<=] 16.4	\[ \color{blue}{\left(\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right) \cdot \frac{--1}{2 \cdot a}} \]
   +-commutative [=>] 16.4	\[ \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} + \left(-b\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{--1}{2 \cdot a} \]
   unsub-neg [=>] 16.4	\[ \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b\right)} \cdot \frac{--1}{2 \cdot a} \]
   fma-neg [=>] 16.4	\[ \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, -\left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c\right)}} - b\right) \cdot \frac{--1}{2 \cdot a} \]
   associate-*l* [=>] 16.4	\[ \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, -\color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)} - b\right) \cdot \frac{--1}{2 \cdot a} \]
   *-commutative [=>] 16.4	\[ \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, -\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot 4}\right)} - b\right) \cdot \frac{--1}{2 \cdot a} \]
   distribute-rgt-neg-in [=>] 16.4	\[ \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot \left(-4\right)}\right)} - b\right) \cdot \frac{--1}{2 \cdot a} \]
   metadata-eval [=>] 16.4	\[ \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-4}\right)} - b\right) \cdot \frac{--1}{2 \cdot a} \]
   associate-/r* [=>] 16.4	\[ \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)} - b\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{--1}{2}}{a}} \]
   metadata-eval [=>] 16.4	\[ \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)} - b\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{1}}{2}}{a} \]
   metadata-eval [=>] 16.4	\[ \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)} - b\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{0.5}}{a} \]

3. Taylor expanded in b around inf 98.5%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2} \cdot a}{{b}^{3}} + \left(-0.25 \cdot \frac{{\left(-2 \cdot \left({c}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + 16 \cdot \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{7}} + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -2 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3} \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}}\right)\right)} \]

4. Simplified 98.5%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(16, {c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}, 4 \cdot \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right)\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{7}}, \frac{-2 \cdot {c}^{3}}{\frac{{b}^{5}}{a \cdot a}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - \frac{c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{c}} \cdot a} \]
   Step-by-step derivation

   [Start] 98.5	\[ -1 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2} \cdot a}{{b}^{3}} + \left(-0.25 \cdot \frac{{\left(-2 \cdot \left({c}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + 16 \cdot \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{7}} + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -2 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3} \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}}\right)\right) \]
   +-commutative [=>] 98.5	\[ \color{blue}{\left(-0.25 \cdot \frac{{\left(-2 \cdot \left({c}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + 16 \cdot \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{7}} + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -2 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3} \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2} \cdot a}{{b}^{3}}} \]
   mul-1-neg [=>] 98.5	\[ \left(-0.25 \cdot \frac{{\left(-2 \cdot \left({c}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + 16 \cdot \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{7}} + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -2 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3} \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}}\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{{c}^{2} \cdot a}{{b}^{3}}\right)} \]
   unsub-neg [=>] 98.5	\[ \color{blue}{\left(-0.25 \cdot \frac{{\left(-2 \cdot \left({c}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + 16 \cdot \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{7}} + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -2 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3} \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}}\right)\right) - \frac{{c}^{2} \cdot a}{{b}^{3}}} \]

5. Taylor expanded in c around 0 98.5%

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, \color{blue}{\frac{{c}^{4} \cdot \left(4 \cdot {a}^{4} + 16 \cdot {a}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{7}}}, \frac{-2 \cdot {c}^{3}}{\frac{{b}^{5}}{a \cdot a}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - \frac{c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{c}} \cdot a \]

6. Simplified 98.5%

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, \color{blue}{{\left(a \cdot c\right)}^{4} \cdot \frac{20}{a \cdot {b}^{7}}}, \frac{-2 \cdot {c}^{3}}{\frac{{b}^{5}}{a \cdot a}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - \frac{c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{c}} \cdot a \]
   Step-by-step derivation

   [Start] 98.5	\[ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, \frac{{c}^{4} \cdot \left(4 \cdot {a}^{4} + 16 \cdot {a}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{7}}, \frac{-2 \cdot {c}^{3}}{\frac{{b}^{5}}{a \cdot a}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - \frac{c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{c}} \cdot a \]
   distribute-rgt-out [=>] 98.5	\[ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, \frac{{c}^{4} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{4} \cdot \left(4 + 16\right)\right)}}{a \cdot {b}^{7}}, \frac{-2 \cdot {c}^{3}}{\frac{{b}^{5}}{a \cdot a}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - \frac{c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{c}} \cdot a \]
   metadata-eval [=>] 98.5	\[ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, \frac{{c}^{4} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot \color{blue}{20}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{7}}, \frac{-2 \cdot {c}^{3}}{\frac{{b}^{5}}{a \cdot a}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - \frac{c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{c}} \cdot a \]
   associate-*r* [=>] 98.5	\[ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, \frac{\color{blue}{\left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right) \cdot 20}}{a \cdot {b}^{7}}, \frac{-2 \cdot {c}^{3}}{\frac{{b}^{5}}{a \cdot a}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - \frac{c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{c}} \cdot a \]
   times-frac [=>] 98.5	\[ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, \color{blue}{\frac{{c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}}{a} \cdot \frac{20}{{b}^{7}}}, \frac{-2 \cdot {c}^{3}}{\frac{{b}^{5}}{a \cdot a}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - \frac{c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{c}} \cdot a \]

7. Final simplification 98.5%

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, {\left(a \cdot c\right)}^{4} \cdot \frac{20}{a \cdot {b}^{7}}, \frac{-2 \cdot {c}^{3}}{\frac{{b}^{5}}{a \cdot a}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - a \cdot \frac{c}{\frac{{b}^{3}}{c}} \]

Alternatives

Alternative 1
Accuracy	97.0%
Cost	14528

\[\left(\frac{-2 \cdot {c}^{3}}{\frac{{b}^{5}}{a \cdot a}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - \frac{c \cdot c}{\frac{b \cdot b}{\frac{a}{b}}} \]

Alternative 2
Accuracy	95.5%
Cost	1024

\[\frac{-c}{b} - \frac{c \cdot c}{\frac{b \cdot b}{\frac{a}{b}}} \]

Alternative 3
Accuracy	90.7%
Cost	256

\[\frac{-c}{b} \]

Alternative 4
Accuracy	1.7%
Cost	192

\[\frac{c}{b} \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2023160 
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
  :precision binary64
  :pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))