VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (24)

Average Accuracy: 99.7% → 99.8%

Time: 12.6s

Precision: binary64

Cost: 13248

Math

\[\left(-x \cdot \frac{1}{\tan B}\right) + \frac{1}{\sin B} \]

↓

\[\frac{1}{\sin B} - \frac{x}{\tan B} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (B x)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (- (* x (/ 1.0 (tan B)))) (/ 1.0 (sin B))))

↓

(FPCore (B x) :precision binary64 (- (/ 1.0 (sin B)) (/ x (tan B))))

C

double code(double B, double x) {
	return -(x * (1.0 / tan(B))) + (1.0 / sin(B));
}

↓

double code(double B, double x) {
	return (1.0 / sin(B)) - (x / tan(B));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(b, x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = -(x * (1.0d0 / tan(b))) + (1.0d0 / sin(b))
end function

↓

real(8) function code(b, x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (1.0d0 / sin(b)) - (x / tan(b))
end function

Java

public static double code(double B, double x) {
	return -(x * (1.0 / Math.tan(B))) + (1.0 / Math.sin(B));
}

↓

public static double code(double B, double x) {
	return (1.0 / Math.sin(B)) - (x / Math.tan(B));
}

Python

def code(B, x):
	return -(x * (1.0 / math.tan(B))) + (1.0 / math.sin(B))

↓

def code(B, x):
	return (1.0 / math.sin(B)) - (x / math.tan(B))

Julia

function code(B, x)
	return Float64(Float64(-Float64(x * Float64(1.0 / tan(B)))) + Float64(1.0 / sin(B)))
end

↓

function code(B, x)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / sin(B)) - Float64(x / tan(B)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(B, x)
	tmp = -(x * (1.0 / tan(B))) + (1.0 / sin(B));
end

↓

function tmp = code(B, x)
	tmp = (1.0 / sin(B)) - (x / tan(B));
end

Wolfram

code[B_, x_] := N[((-N[(x * N[(1.0 / N[Tan[B], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]) + N[(1.0 / N[Sin[B], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

↓

code[B_, x_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sin[B], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(x / N[Tan[B], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.7%

   \[\left(-x \cdot \frac{1}{\tan B}\right) + \frac{1}{\sin B} \]

2. Simplified 99.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sin B} - \frac{x}{\tan B}} \]
   Step-by-step derivation

   [Start] 99.7	\[ \left(-x \cdot \frac{1}{\tan B}\right) + \frac{1}{\sin B} \]
   +-commutative [=>] 99.7	\[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sin B} + \left(-x \cdot \frac{1}{\tan B}\right)} \]
   unsub-neg [=>] 99.7	\[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sin B} - x \cdot \frac{1}{\tan B}} \]
   associate-*r/ [=>] 99.8	\[ \frac{1}{\sin B} - \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot 1}{\tan B}} \]
   *-rgt-identity [=>] 99.8	\[ \frac{1}{\sin B} - \frac{\color{blue}{x}}{\tan B} \]

3. Final simplification 99.8%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sin B} - \frac{x}{\tan B} \]

Alternatives

Alternative 1
Accuracy	75.5%
Cost	7113

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 0.0015 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-7}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{B} - \frac{x}{\tan B}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sin B}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 2
Accuracy	75.5%
Cost	7113

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.15 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 5.5 \cdot 10^{-6}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{B} - \frac{x}{\tan B}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sin B} - \frac{x}{B}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3
Accuracy	50.6%
Cost	6857

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;B \leq 3.8 \lor \neg \left(B \leq 4.6 \cdot 10^{-6}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sin B}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1 - x}{B}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4
Accuracy	51.7%
Cost	704

\[\frac{1 - x}{B} + 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \left(B \cdot x\right) \]

Alternative 5
Accuracy	26.6%
Cost	521

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 260000 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 6.5\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-x}{B}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{B}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 6
Accuracy	51.4%
Cost	320

\[\frac{1 - x}{B} \]

Alternative 7
Accuracy	3.2%
Cost	192

\[B \cdot 0.16666666666666666 \]

Alternative 8
Accuracy	27.0%
Cost	192

\[\frac{1}{B} \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2023159 
(FPCore (B x)
  :name "VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (24)"
  :precision binary64
  (+ (- (* x (/ 1.0 (tan B)))) (/ 1.0 (sin B))))