Toniolo and Linder, Equation (3a)

Average Accuracy: 98.4% → 100.0%

Time: 21.7s

Precision: binary64

Cost: 32960

Math

\[\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}\right)} \]

↓

\[\sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \left(\ell \cdot \frac{2}{Om}\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)\right)}} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (l Om kx ky)
 :precision binary64
 (sqrt
  (*
   (/ 1.0 2.0)
   (+
    1.0
    (/
     1.0
     (sqrt
      (+
       1.0
       (*
        (pow (/ (* 2.0 l) Om) 2.0)
        (+ (pow (sin kx) 2.0) (pow (sin ky) 2.0))))))))))

↓

(FPCore (l Om kx ky)
 :precision binary64
 (sqrt
  (+
   0.5
   (*
    0.5
    (/ 1.0 (hypot 1.0 (* (* l (/ 2.0 Om)) (hypot (sin kx) (sin ky)))))))))

C

double code(double l, double Om, double kx, double ky) {
	return sqrt(((1.0 / 2.0) * (1.0 + (1.0 / sqrt((1.0 + (pow(((2.0 * l) / Om), 2.0) * (pow(sin(kx), 2.0) + pow(sin(ky), 2.0)))))))));
}

↓

double code(double l, double Om, double kx, double ky) {
	return sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 * (1.0 / hypot(1.0, ((l * (2.0 / Om)) * hypot(sin(kx), sin(ky))))))));
}

Java

public static double code(double l, double Om, double kx, double ky) {
	return Math.sqrt(((1.0 / 2.0) * (1.0 + (1.0 / Math.sqrt((1.0 + (Math.pow(((2.0 * l) / Om), 2.0) * (Math.pow(Math.sin(kx), 2.0) + Math.pow(Math.sin(ky), 2.0)))))))));
}

↓

public static double code(double l, double Om, double kx, double ky) {
	return Math.sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 * (1.0 / Math.hypot(1.0, ((l * (2.0 / Om)) * Math.hypot(Math.sin(kx), Math.sin(ky))))))));
}

Python

def code(l, Om, kx, ky):
	return math.sqrt(((1.0 / 2.0) * (1.0 + (1.0 / math.sqrt((1.0 + (math.pow(((2.0 * l) / Om), 2.0) * (math.pow(math.sin(kx), 2.0) + math.pow(math.sin(ky), 2.0)))))))))

↓

def code(l, Om, kx, ky):
	return math.sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 * (1.0 / math.hypot(1.0, ((l * (2.0 / Om)) * math.hypot(math.sin(kx), math.sin(ky))))))))

Julia

function code(l, Om, kx, ky)
	return sqrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 / 2.0) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / sqrt(Float64(1.0 + Float64((Float64(Float64(2.0 * l) / Om) ^ 2.0) * Float64((sin(kx) ^ 2.0) + (sin(ky) ^ 2.0)))))))))
end

↓

function code(l, Om, kx, ky)
	return sqrt(Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * Float64(1.0 / hypot(1.0, Float64(Float64(l * Float64(2.0 / Om)) * hypot(sin(kx), sin(ky))))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(l, Om, kx, ky)
	tmp = sqrt(((1.0 / 2.0) * (1.0 + (1.0 / sqrt((1.0 + ((((2.0 * l) / Om) ^ 2.0) * ((sin(kx) ^ 2.0) + (sin(ky) ^ 2.0)))))))));
end

↓

function tmp = code(l, Om, kx, ky)
	tmp = sqrt((0.5 + (0.5 * (1.0 / hypot(1.0, ((l * (2.0 / Om)) * hypot(sin(kx), sin(ky))))))));
end

Wolfram

code[l_, Om_, kx_, ky_] := N[Sqrt[N[(N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 + N[(N[Power[N[(N[(2.0 * l), $MachinePrecision] / Om), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[N[Sin[kx], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[Sin[ky], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

↓

code[l_, Om_, kx_, ky_] := N[Sqrt[N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[1.0 ^ 2 + N[(N[(l * N[(2.0 / Om), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[Sin[kx], $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + N[Sin[ky], $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.4%

   \[\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}\right)} \]

2. Simplified 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}}} \]
   Proof

   [Start] 98.4	\[ \sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}\right)} \]
   distribute-lft-in [=>] 98.4	\[ \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}}} \]
   metadata-eval [=>] 98.4	\[ \sqrt{\color{blue}{0.5} \cdot 1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}} \]
   metadata-eval [=>] 98.4	\[ \sqrt{\color{blue}{0.5} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}} \]
   metadata-eval [=>] 98.4	\[ \sqrt{0.5 + \color{blue}{0.5} \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{Om}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}} \]
   associate-/l* [=>] 98.4	\[ \sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right)}}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}} \]

3. Applied egg-rr 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \left(\ell \cdot \frac{2}{Om}\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)\right)}}} \]
   Proof

   [Start] 98.4	\[ \sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + {\left(\frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}} \]
   add-sqr-sqrt [=>] 98.4	\[ \sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(\frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{\left(\frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}}}}} \]
   hypot-1-def [=>] 98.4	\[ \sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sqrt{{\left(\frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}\right)}\right)}}} \]
   sqrt-prod [=>] 98.4	\[ \sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\sqrt{{\left(\frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}}\right)}} \]
   sqrt-pow1 [=>] 98.8	\[ \sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right)}^{\left(\frac{2}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)}} \]
   metadata-eval [=>] 98.8	\[ \sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, {\left(\frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}\right)}^{\color{blue}{1}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)}} \]
   pow1 [<=] 98.8	\[ \sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\frac{2}{\frac{Om}{\ell}}} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)}} \]
   associate-/r/ [=>] 98.8	\[ \sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{Om} \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)}} \]
   *-commutative [=>] 98.8	\[ \sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \frac{2}{Om}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{{\sin kx}^{2} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)}} \]
   unpow2 [=>] 98.8	\[ \sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \left(\ell \cdot \frac{2}{Om}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\sin kx \cdot \sin kx} + {\sin ky}^{2}}\right)}} \]
   unpow2 [=>] 98.8	\[ \sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \left(\ell \cdot \frac{2}{Om}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\sin kx \cdot \sin kx + \color{blue}{\sin ky \cdot \sin ky}}\right)}} \]
   hypot-def [=>] 100.0	\[ \sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \left(\ell \cdot \frac{2}{Om}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)}\right)}} \]

4. Final simplification 100.0%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \left(\ell \cdot \frac{2}{Om}\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(\sin kx, \sin ky\right)\right)}} \]

Alternatives

Alternative 1
Accuracy	86.4%
Cost	39826

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\sin kx \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-120} \lor \neg \left(\sin kx \leq 10^{-222}\right) \land \left(\sin kx \leq 0.735 \lor \neg \left(\sin kx \leq 0.975\right)\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\ell \cdot 2}{\frac{Om}{kx}}\right)}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, 2 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot ky}{Om}\right)}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 2
Accuracy	98.4%
Cost	39496

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := 0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \left(\ell \cdot 2\right) \cdot \frac{\sin ky}{Om}\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\sin ky \leq -0.08:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{t_0}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\sin ky \leq 10^{-75}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sin kx \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot 2}{Om}\right)}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt[3]{{t_0}^{1.5}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3
Accuracy	95.5%
Cost	33033

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\sin ky \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-193} \lor \neg \left(\sin ky \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-187}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \left(\ell \cdot 2\right) \cdot \frac{\sin ky}{Om}\right)}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\ell \cdot 2}{\frac{Om}{kx}}\right)}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4
Accuracy	98.4%
Cost	33033

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\sin ky \leq -0.08 \lor \neg \left(\sin ky \leq 10^{-75}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \left(\ell \cdot 2\right) \cdot \frac{\sin ky}{Om}\right)}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \sin kx \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot 2}{Om}\right)}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5
Accuracy	84.7%
Cost	14228

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sqrt{0.5 + \frac{0.5}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{\ell \cdot 2}{\frac{Om}{kx}}\right)}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;Om \leq -4 \cdot 10^{+73}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;Om \leq -2.25 \cdot 10^{-63}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{1 + 2 \cdot \frac{\left(ky \cdot ky\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{Om \cdot Om}}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;Om \leq -2.2 \cdot 10^{-189}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;Om \leq 2.3 \cdot 10^{-229}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;Om \leq 10^{+101}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 6
Accuracy	79.5%
Cost	8404

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sqrt{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \frac{1}{1 + 2 \cdot \frac{\left(ky \cdot ky\right) \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{Om \cdot Om}}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;Om \leq -4.2 \cdot 10^{+74}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;Om \leq -6.3 \cdot 10^{-68}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;Om \leq -7.5 \cdot 10^{-102}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;Om \leq 9.6 \cdot 10^{-118}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;Om \leq 4.4 \cdot 10^{-71}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;Om \leq 0.21:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 7
Accuracy	78.2%
Cost	6992

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\ell \leq -5.1 \cdot 10^{+212}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\ell \leq -7.6 \cdot 10^{+200}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{ky}{\frac{Om \cdot Om}{ky}}\right)\right) \cdot -0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\ell \leq -3.8 \cdot 10^{-20}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\ell \leq 4.6 \cdot 10^{-44}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 8
Accuracy	73.9%
Cost	6729

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;Om \leq -1.3 \cdot 10^{-16} \lor \neg \left(Om \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{+101}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;1 + \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{ky}{\frac{Om \cdot Om}{ky}}\right)\right) \cdot -0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 9
Accuracy	45.6%
Cost	1225

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;Om \leq -4 \cdot 10^{+33} \lor \neg \left(Om \leq 6.8 \cdot 10^{-221}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;1 + \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{ky}{\frac{Om \cdot Om}{ky}}\right)\right) \cdot -0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + -0.5 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\frac{ky}{Om} \cdot \frac{ky}{Om}\right)\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 10
Accuracy	47.5%
Cost	1225

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;Om \leq -50000000 \lor \neg \left(Om \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-139}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;1 + \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{ky}{\frac{Om \cdot Om}{ky}}\right)\right) \cdot -0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + -0.5 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\frac{ky \cdot ky}{Om} \cdot \frac{\ell}{Om}\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 11
Accuracy	46.5%
Cost	1092

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\ell \leq -6 \cdot 10^{-96}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{ky}{\frac{Om \cdot Om}{ky}}\right)\right) \cdot -0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + -0.5 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{ky \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot ky}{Om}}{Om}\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 12
Accuracy	32.8%
Cost	960

\[1 + -0.5 \cdot \frac{\ell \cdot \ell}{\frac{Om \cdot Om}{ky \cdot ky}} \]

Alternative 13
Accuracy	43.5%
Cost	960

\[1 + -0.5 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\frac{ky}{Om} \cdot \frac{ky}{Om}\right)\right)\right) \]

Alternative 14
Accuracy	43.8%
Cost	960

\[1 + -0.5 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \frac{ky}{Om \cdot \frac{Om}{ky}}\right)\right) \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2023137 
(FPCore (l Om kx ky)
  :name "Toniolo and Linder, Equation (3a)"
  :precision binary64
  (sqrt (* (/ 1.0 2.0) (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (* (pow (/ (* 2.0 l) Om) 2.0) (+ (pow (sin kx) 2.0) (pow (sin ky) 2.0))))))))))