| Alternative 1 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 77.1% |
| Cost | 845 |
(FPCore (a b eps) :precision binary64 (/ (* eps (- (exp (* (+ a b) eps)) 1.0)) (* (- (exp (* a eps)) 1.0) (- (exp (* b eps)) 1.0))))
(FPCore (a b eps) :precision binary64 (if (<= b 2.5e-141) (- (/ 1.0 b) (* eps (+ (* eps (* b -0.08333333333333333)) 0.5))) (/ (+ b a) (* b a))))
double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
return (eps * (exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (exp((b * eps)) - 1.0));
}
double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
double tmp;
if (b <= 2.5e-141) {
tmp = (1.0 / b) - (eps * ((eps * (b * -0.08333333333333333)) + 0.5));
} else {
tmp = (b + a) / (b * a);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = (eps * (exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0d0)) / ((exp((a * eps)) - 1.0d0) * (exp((b * eps)) - 1.0d0))
end function
real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
real(8) :: tmp
if (b <= 2.5d-141) then
tmp = (1.0d0 / b) - (eps * ((eps * (b * (-0.08333333333333333d0))) + 0.5d0))
else
tmp = (b + a) / (b * a)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
return (eps * (Math.exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((Math.exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (Math.exp((b * eps)) - 1.0));
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
double tmp;
if (b <= 2.5e-141) {
tmp = (1.0 / b) - (eps * ((eps * (b * -0.08333333333333333)) + 0.5));
} else {
tmp = (b + a) / (b * a);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, eps): return (eps * (math.exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((math.exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (math.exp((b * eps)) - 1.0))
def code(a, b, eps): tmp = 0 if b <= 2.5e-141: tmp = (1.0 / b) - (eps * ((eps * (b * -0.08333333333333333)) + 0.5)) else: tmp = (b + a) / (b * a) return tmp
function code(a, b, eps) return Float64(Float64(eps * Float64(exp(Float64(Float64(a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / Float64(Float64(exp(Float64(a * eps)) - 1.0) * Float64(exp(Float64(b * eps)) - 1.0))) end
function code(a, b, eps) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= 2.5e-141) tmp = Float64(Float64(1.0 / b) - Float64(eps * Float64(Float64(eps * Float64(b * -0.08333333333333333)) + 0.5))); else tmp = Float64(Float64(b + a) / Float64(b * a)); end return tmp end
function tmp = code(a, b, eps) tmp = (eps * (exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (exp((b * eps)) - 1.0)); end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, eps) tmp = 0.0; if (b <= 2.5e-141) tmp = (1.0 / b) - (eps * ((eps * (b * -0.08333333333333333)) + 0.5)); else tmp = (b + a) / (b * a); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_, eps_] := N[(N[(eps * N[(N[Exp[N[(N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision] * eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Exp[N[(a * eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Exp[N[(b * eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
code[a_, b_, eps_] := If[LessEqual[b, 2.5e-141], N[(N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(eps * N[(N[(eps * N[(b * -0.08333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(b + a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq 2.5 \cdot 10^{-141}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{1}{b} - \varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(b \cdot -0.08333333333333333\right) + 0.5\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{b + a}{b \cdot a}\\
\end{array}
Results
| Original | 5.7% |
|---|---|
| Target | 76.4% |
| Herbie | 85.0% |
if b < 2.5e-141Initial program 3.1%
Simplified24.8%
[Start]3.1 | \[ \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}
\] |
|---|---|
expm1-def [=>]3.1 | \[ \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)}}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}
\] |
*-commutative [=>]3.1 | \[ \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)}\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}
\] |
expm1-def [=>]3.1 | \[ \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(a \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}
\] |
*-commutative [=>]3.1 | \[ \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}
\] |
expm1-def [=>]24.8 | \[ \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(b \cdot \varepsilon\right)}}
\] |
*-commutative [=>]24.8 | \[ \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right) \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot b}\right)}
\] |
Taylor expanded in b around 0 16.4%
Simplified24.5%
[Start]16.4 | \[ \frac{\left(e^{\varepsilon \cdot a} - 1\right) \cdot \varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right) \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot b\right)}
\] |
|---|---|
expm1-def [=>]24.5 | \[ \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)} \cdot \varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right) \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot b\right)}
\] |
*-commutative [=>]24.5 | \[ \frac{\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right)}}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right) \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot b\right)}
\] |
*-commutative [=>]24.5 | \[ \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{a \cdot \varepsilon}\right)}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right) \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot b\right)}
\] |
Taylor expanded in eps around 0 85.2%
Simplified85.2%
[Start]85.2 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \varepsilon + \left(-1 \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot b + -0.25 \cdot b\right)\right) + \frac{1}{b}\right)
\] |
|---|---|
fma-def [=>]85.2 | \[ \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \varepsilon, -1 \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot b + -0.25 \cdot b\right)\right) + \frac{1}{b}\right)}
\] |
+-commutative [=>]85.2 | \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \varepsilon, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b} + -1 \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot b + -0.25 \cdot b\right)\right)}\right)
\] |
mul-1-neg [=>]85.2 | \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \varepsilon, \frac{1}{b} + \color{blue}{\left(-{\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot b + -0.25 \cdot b\right)\right)}\right)
\] |
unsub-neg [=>]85.2 | \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \varepsilon, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b} - {\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot b + -0.25 \cdot b\right)}\right)
\] |
*-commutative [=>]85.2 | \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \varepsilon, \frac{1}{b} - \color{blue}{\left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot b + -0.25 \cdot b\right) \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}}\right)
\] |
distribute-rgt-out [=>]85.2 | \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \varepsilon, \frac{1}{b} - \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot \left(0.16666666666666666 + -0.25\right)\right)} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right)
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]85.2 | \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \varepsilon, \frac{1}{b} - \left(b \cdot \color{blue}{-0.08333333333333333}\right) \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right)
\] |
associate-*l* [=>]85.2 | \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \varepsilon, \frac{1}{b} - \color{blue}{b \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right)}\right)
\] |
*-commutative [<=]85.2 | \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \varepsilon, \frac{1}{b} - b \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot -0.08333333333333333\right)}\right)
\] |
unpow2 [=>]85.2 | \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \varepsilon, \frac{1}{b} - b \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \cdot -0.08333333333333333\right)\right)
\] |
associate-*l* [=>]85.2 | \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \varepsilon, \frac{1}{b} - b \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot -0.08333333333333333\right)\right)}\right)
\] |
Taylor expanded in eps around 0 85.2%
Simplified85.2%
[Start]85.2 | \[ -0.5 \cdot \varepsilon + \left(\frac{1}{b} + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot b\right)\right)
\] |
|---|---|
*-commutative [=>]85.2 | \[ \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot -0.5} + \left(\frac{1}{b} + 0.08333333333333333 \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot b\right)\right)
\] |
metadata-eval [<=]85.2 | \[ \varepsilon \cdot -0.5 + \left(\frac{1}{b} + \color{blue}{\left(--0.08333333333333333\right)} \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot b\right)\right)
\] |
cancel-sign-sub-inv [<=]85.2 | \[ \varepsilon \cdot -0.5 + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{b} - -0.08333333333333333 \cdot \left({\varepsilon}^{2} \cdot b\right)\right)}
\] |
unpow2 [=>]85.2 | \[ \varepsilon \cdot -0.5 + \left(\frac{1}{b} - -0.08333333333333333 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \cdot b\right)\right)
\] |
associate-*r* [=>]85.2 | \[ \varepsilon \cdot -0.5 + \left(\frac{1}{b} - \color{blue}{\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right) \cdot b}\right)
\] |
*-commutative [=>]85.2 | \[ \varepsilon \cdot -0.5 + \left(\frac{1}{b} - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot -0.08333333333333333\right)} \cdot b\right)
\] |
associate-*r* [<=]85.2 | \[ \varepsilon \cdot -0.5 + \left(\frac{1}{b} - \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot b\right)}\right)
\] |
+-commutative [=>]85.2 | \[ \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{b} - \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot b\right)\right) + \varepsilon \cdot -0.5}
\] |
associate-+l- [=>]85.2 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b} - \left(\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot b\right) - \varepsilon \cdot -0.5\right)}
\] |
associate-*l* [=>]85.2 | \[ \frac{1}{b} - \left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot b\right)\right)} - \varepsilon \cdot -0.5\right)
\] |
distribute-lft-out-- [=>]85.2 | \[ \frac{1}{b} - \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot b\right) - -0.5\right)}
\] |
fma-neg [=>]85.2 | \[ \frac{1}{b} - \varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, -0.08333333333333333 \cdot b, --0.5\right)}
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]85.2 | \[ \frac{1}{b} - \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, -0.08333333333333333 \cdot b, \color{blue}{0.5}\right)
\] |
Applied egg-rr85.2%
[Start]85.2 | \[ \frac{1}{b} - \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, -0.08333333333333333 \cdot b, 0.5\right)
\] |
|---|---|
fma-udef [=>]85.2 | \[ \frac{1}{b} - \varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot b\right) + 0.5\right)}
\] |
*-commutative [=>]85.2 | \[ \frac{1}{b} - \varepsilon \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} + 0.5\right)
\] |
if 2.5e-141 < b Initial program 7.6%
Simplified47.8%
[Start]7.6 | \[ \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}
\] |
|---|---|
associate-*l/ [<=]7.6 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{\varepsilon}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}
\] |
*-commutative [=>]7.6 | \[ \color{blue}{\left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \frac{\varepsilon}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}}
\] |
expm1-def [=>]7.6 | \[ \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \cdot \frac{\varepsilon}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}
\] |
*-commutative [=>]7.6 | \[ \mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{\varepsilon}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}
\] |
expm1-def [=>]23.4 | \[ \mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\varepsilon}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(a \cdot \varepsilon\right)} \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}
\] |
*-commutative [=>]23.4 | \[ \mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot a}\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}
\] |
expm1-def [=>]47.8 | \[ \mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(b \cdot \varepsilon\right)}}
\] |
*-commutative [=>]47.8 | \[ \mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(a + b\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\varepsilon}{\mathsf{expm1}\left(\varepsilon \cdot a\right) \cdot \mathsf{expm1}\left(\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot b}\right)}
\] |
Taylor expanded in eps around 0 84.9%
Final simplification85.0%
| Alternative 1 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 77.1% |
| Cost | 845 |
| Alternative 2 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 76.8% |
| Cost | 589 |
| Alternative 3 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 85.1% |
| Cost | 580 |
| Alternative 4 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 3.1% |
| Cost | 192 |
| Alternative 5 | |
|---|---|
| Accuracy | 47.8% |
| Cost | 192 |
herbie shell --seed 2023136
(FPCore (a b eps)
:name "expq3 (problem 3.4.2)"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (< -1.0 eps) (< eps 1.0))
:herbie-target
(/ (+ a b) (* a b))
(/ (* eps (- (exp (* (+ a b) eps)) 1.0)) (* (- (exp (* a eps)) 1.0) (- (exp (* b eps)) 1.0))))