?

Average Accuracy: 35.9% → 98.7%
Time: 11.5s
Precision: binary32
Cost: 9892

?

\[\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \]
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) - x}\right), x\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \frac{x \cdot x}{2 + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot 0.5}\right), x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log 2 + \log x, x\right)\\ \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary32
 (copysign (log (+ (fabs x) (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0)))) x))
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= x -0.5)
   (copysign (log (/ 1.0 (- (hypot 1.0 x) x))) x)
   (if (<= x 0.5)
     (copysign (log1p (+ x (/ (* x x) (+ 2.0 (* (* x x) 0.5))))) x)
     (copysign (+ (log 2.0) (log x)) x))))
float code(float x) {
	return copysignf(logf((fabsf(x) + sqrtf(((x * x) + 1.0f)))), x);
}
float code(float x) {
	float tmp;
	if (x <= -0.5f) {
		tmp = copysignf(logf((1.0f / (hypotf(1.0f, x) - x))), x);
	} else if (x <= 0.5f) {
		tmp = copysignf(log1pf((x + ((x * x) / (2.0f + ((x * x) * 0.5f))))), x);
	} else {
		tmp = copysignf((logf(2.0f) + logf(x)), x);
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(x)
	return copysign(log(Float32(abs(x) + sqrt(Float32(Float32(x * x) + Float32(1.0))))), x)
end
function code(x)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (x <= Float32(-0.5))
		tmp = copysign(log(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(hypot(Float32(1.0), x) - x))), x);
	elseif (x <= Float32(0.5))
		tmp = copysign(log1p(Float32(x + Float32(Float32(x * x) / Float32(Float32(2.0) + Float32(Float32(x * x) * Float32(0.5)))))), x);
	else
		tmp = copysign(Float32(log(Float32(2.0)) + log(x)), x);
	end
	return tmp
end
\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right)
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -0.5:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) - x}\right), x\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 0.5:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \frac{x \cdot x}{2 + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot 0.5}\right), x\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log 2 + \log x, x\right)\\


\end{array}

Error?

Target

Original35.9%
Target99.5%
Herbie98.7%
\[\mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left|x\right| + \frac{\left|x\right|}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \frac{1}{\left|x\right|}\right) + \frac{1}{\left|x\right|}}\right), x\right) \]

Derivation?

  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if x < -0.5

    1. Initial program 50.9%

      \[\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \]
    2. Applied egg-rr99.3%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot \left(x - x\right) - 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{x - \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)}\right)}, x\right) \]
      Proof

      [Start]50.9

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \]

      flip-+ [=>]8.4

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\left|x\right| \cdot \left|x\right| - \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1} \cdot \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}{\left|x\right| - \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}\right)}, x\right) \]

      div-inv [=>]8.4

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left|x\right| \cdot \left|x\right| - \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1} \cdot \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\left|x\right| - \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}\right)}, x\right) \]

      add-sqr-sqrt [<=]8.1

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left(\left|x\right| \cdot \left|x\right| - \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + 1\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\left|x\right| - \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}\right), x\right) \]

      associate--r+ [=>]8.2

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left|x\right| \cdot \left|x\right| - x \cdot x\right) - 1\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\left|x\right| - \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}\right), x\right) \]

      sqr-abs [<=]8.2

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left(\left(\left|x\right| \cdot \left|x\right| - \color{blue}{\left|x\right| \cdot \left|x\right|}\right) - 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\left|x\right| - \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}\right), x\right) \]

      distribute-lft-out-- [=>]8.2

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left|x\right| \cdot \left(\left|x\right| - \left|x\right|\right)} - 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\left|x\right| - \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}\right), x\right) \]

      add-sqr-sqrt [=>]-0.0

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left(\left|\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}}\right| \cdot \left(\left|x\right| - \left|x\right|\right) - 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\left|x\right| - \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}\right), x\right) \]

      fabs-sqr [=>]-0.0

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)} \cdot \left(\left|x\right| - \left|x\right|\right) - 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\left|x\right| - \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}\right), x\right) \]

      add-sqr-sqrt [<=]8.2

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left(\color{blue}{x} \cdot \left(\left|x\right| - \left|x\right|\right) - 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\left|x\right| - \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}\right), x\right) \]

      add-sqr-sqrt [=>]-0.0

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left(x \cdot \left(\left|\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}}\right| - \left|x\right|\right) - 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\left|x\right| - \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}\right), x\right) \]

      fabs-sqr [=>]-0.0

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left(x \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}} - \left|x\right|\right) - 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\left|x\right| - \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}\right), x\right) \]

      add-sqr-sqrt [<=]0.1

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left(x \cdot \left(\color{blue}{x} - \left|x\right|\right) - 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\left|x\right| - \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}\right), x\right) \]

      add-sqr-sqrt [=>]-0.0

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left(x \cdot \left(x - \left|\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}}\right|\right) - 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\left|x\right| - \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}\right), x\right) \]

      fabs-sqr [=>]-0.0

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left(x \cdot \left(x - \color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}}\right) - 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\left|x\right| - \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}\right), x\right) \]

      add-sqr-sqrt [<=]8.2

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left(x \cdot \left(x - \color{blue}{x}\right) - 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\left|x\right| - \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}}\right), x\right) \]
    3. Simplified99.3%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) - x}\right)}, x\right) \]
      Proof

      [Start]99.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left(x \cdot \left(x - x\right) - 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{x - \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)}\right), x\right) \]

      +-inverses [=>]99.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left(x \cdot \color{blue}{0} - 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{x - \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)}\right), x\right) \]

      mul0-rgt [=>]99.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left(\color{blue}{0} - 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{x - \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)}\right), x\right) \]

      metadata-eval [=>]99.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\color{blue}{-1} \cdot \frac{1}{x - \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)}\right), x\right) \]

      associate-*r/ [=>]99.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1 \cdot 1}{x - \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)}\right)}, x\right) \]

      metadata-eval [=>]99.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{x - \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)}\right), x\right) \]

      metadata-eval [<=]99.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{-1}}}{x - \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)}\right), x\right) \]

      associate-/r* [<=]99.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{-1 \cdot \left(x - \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)\right)}\right)}, x\right) \]

      neg-mul-1 [<=]99.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{-\left(x - \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)\right)}}\right), x\right) \]

      neg-sub0 [=>]99.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(x - \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)\right)}}\right), x\right) \]

      associate--r- [=>]99.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - x\right) + \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)}}\right), x\right) \]

      neg-sub0 [<=]99.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(-x\right)} + \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)}\right), x\right) \]

      mul-1-neg [<=]99.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot x} + \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)}\right), x\right) \]

      +-commutative [<=]99.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) + -1 \cdot x}}\right), x\right) \]

      mul-1-neg [=>]99.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-x\right)}}\right), x\right) \]

      sub-neg [<=]99.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) - x}}\right), x\right) \]

    if -0.5 < x < 0.5

    1. Initial program 21.1%

      \[\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \]
    2. Applied egg-rr97.3%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) - 1\right)\right)}, x\right) \]
      Proof

      [Start]21.1

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \]

      log1p-expm1-u [=>]21.1

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)\right)\right)}, x\right) \]

      expm1-udef [=>]21.1

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)} - 1}\right), x\right) \]

      add-exp-log [<=]21.1

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)} - 1\right), x\right) \]

      associate--l+ [=>]97.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left|x\right| + \left(\sqrt{x \cdot x + 1} - 1\right)}\right), x\right) \]

      add-sqr-sqrt [=>]48.4

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left|\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}}\right| + \left(\sqrt{x \cdot x + 1} - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]

      fabs-sqr [=>]48.4

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}} + \left(\sqrt{x \cdot x + 1} - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]

      add-sqr-sqrt [<=]97.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{x} + \left(\sqrt{x \cdot x + 1} - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]

      +-commutative [=>]97.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + x \cdot x}} - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]

      sqr-abs [<=]97.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\left|x\right| \cdot \left|x\right|}} - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]

      hypot-1-def [=>]97.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \left|x\right|\right)} - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]

      add-sqr-sqrt [=>]49.0

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \left|\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}}\right|\right) - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]

      fabs-sqr [=>]49.0

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}}\right) - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]

      add-sqr-sqrt [<=]97.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{x}\right) - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]
    3. Applied egg-rr99.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + 0\right) \cdot \frac{1}{1 + \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)}}\right), x\right) \]
      Proof

      [Start]97.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]

      flip-- [=>]97.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) - 1 \cdot 1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) + 1}}\right), x\right) \]

      div-inv [=>]97.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) - 1 \cdot 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) + 1}}\right), x\right) \]

      hypot-udef [=>]97.4

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 \cdot 1 + x \cdot x}} \cdot \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) - 1 \cdot 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) + 1}\right), x\right) \]

      hypot-udef [=>]97.3

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\sqrt{1 \cdot 1 + x \cdot x} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 \cdot 1 + x \cdot x}} - 1 \cdot 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) + 1}\right), x\right) \]

      add-sqr-sqrt [<=]97.6

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\color{blue}{\left(1 \cdot 1 + x \cdot x\right)} - 1 \cdot 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) + 1}\right), x\right) \]

      metadata-eval [=>]97.6

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\left(\color{blue}{1} + x \cdot x\right) - 1 \cdot 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) + 1}\right), x\right) \]

      +-commutative [=>]97.6

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + 1\right)} - 1 \cdot 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) + 1}\right), x\right) \]

      metadata-eval [=>]97.6

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\left(x \cdot x + 1\right) - \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) + 1}\right), x\right) \]

      associate--l+ [=>]99.9

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + \left(1 - 1\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) + 1}\right), x\right) \]

      metadata-eval [=>]99.9

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(x \cdot x + \color{blue}{0}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) + 1}\right), x\right) \]

      +-commutative [=>]99.9

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(x \cdot x + 0\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)}}\right), x\right) \]
    4. Simplified99.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot x}{1 + \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)}}\right), x\right) \]
      Proof

      [Start]99.9

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(x \cdot x + 0\right) \cdot \frac{1}{1 + \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)}\right), x\right) \]

      associate-*r/ [=>]99.9

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \color{blue}{\frac{\left(x \cdot x + 0\right) \cdot 1}{1 + \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)}}\right), x\right) \]

      +-rgt-identity [=>]99.9

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \frac{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right)} \cdot 1}{1 + \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)}\right), x\right) \]

      *-rgt-identity [=>]99.9

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{1 + \mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right)}\right), x\right) \]
    5. Taylor expanded in x around 0 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \frac{x \cdot x}{\color{blue}{2 + 0.5 \cdot {x}^{2}}}\right), x\right) \]
    6. Simplified99.6%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \frac{x \cdot x}{\color{blue}{2 + 0.5 \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)}}\right), x\right) \]
      Proof

      [Start]99.6

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \frac{x \cdot x}{2 + 0.5 \cdot {x}^{2}}\right), x\right) \]

      unpow2 [=>]99.6

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \frac{x \cdot x}{2 + 0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right)}}\right), x\right) \]

    if 0.5 < x

    1. Initial program 49.4%

      \[\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \]
    2. Applied egg-rr99.0%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) - 1\right)\right)}, x\right) \]
      Proof

      [Start]49.4

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \]

      log1p-expm1-u [=>]49.4

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{expm1}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)\right)\right)}, x\right) \]

      expm1-udef [=>]49.4

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)} - 1}\right), x\right) \]

      add-exp-log [<=]49.4

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right)} - 1\right), x\right) \]

      associate--l+ [=>]49.4

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\left|x\right| + \left(\sqrt{x \cdot x + 1} - 1\right)}\right), x\right) \]

      add-sqr-sqrt [=>]49.4

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left|\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}}\right| + \left(\sqrt{x \cdot x + 1} - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]

      fabs-sqr [=>]49.4

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}} + \left(\sqrt{x \cdot x + 1} - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]

      add-sqr-sqrt [<=]49.4

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{x} + \left(\sqrt{x \cdot x + 1} - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]

      +-commutative [=>]49.4

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + x \cdot x}} - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]

      sqr-abs [<=]49.4

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\sqrt{1 + \color{blue}{\left|x\right| \cdot \left|x\right|}} - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]

      hypot-1-def [=>]99.0

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \left|x\right|\right)} - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]

      add-sqr-sqrt [=>]99.0

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \left|\color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}}\right|\right) - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]

      fabs-sqr [=>]99.0

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \sqrt{x}}\right) - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]

      add-sqr-sqrt [<=]99.0

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, \color{blue}{x}\right) - 1\right)\right), x\right) \]
    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 96.6%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{\log 2 + -1 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}, x\right) \]
    4. Simplified96.6%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{copysign}\left(\color{blue}{\log 2 + \log x}, x\right) \]
      Proof

      [Start]96.6

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log 2 + -1 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{x}\right), x\right) \]

      mul-1-neg [=>]96.6

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log 2 + \color{blue}{\left(-\log \left(\frac{1}{x}\right)\right)}, x\right) \]

      log-rec [=>]96.6

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log 2 + \left(-\color{blue}{\left(-\log x\right)}\right), x\right) \]

      remove-double-neg [=>]96.6

      \[ \mathsf{copysign}\left(\log 2 + \color{blue}{\log x}, x\right) \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification98.7%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) - x}\right), x\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \frac{x \cdot x}{2 + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot 0.5}\right), x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log 2 + \log x, x\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternatives

Alternative 1
Accuracy98.2%
Cost22916
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\left|x\right| + \sqrt{x \cdot x + 1}\right), x\right) \leq -0.0006000000284984708:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) - x}\right), x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(1, x\right) + -1\right)\right), x\right)\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 2
Accuracy97.9%
Cost9864
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{-0.5}{x}\right), x\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \frac{x \cdot x}{2 + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot 0.5}\right), x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log 2 + \log x, x\right)\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 3
Accuracy98.2%
Cost6984
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{-0.5}{x}\right), x\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x + \frac{x \cdot x}{2 + \left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot 0.5}\right), x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{0.5}{x} + \left(x + x\right)\right), x\right)\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 4
Accuracy98.2%
Cost6792
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{-0.5}{x}\right), x\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(x + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot {x}^{3}, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{0.5}{x} + \left(x + x\right)\right), x\right)\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 5
Accuracy97.9%
Cost6760
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{-0.5}{x}\right), x\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(x + -0.16666666666666666 \cdot {x}^{3}, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + x\right), x\right)\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 6
Accuracy83.7%
Cost6664
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(-x\right), x\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + x\right), x\right)\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 7
Accuracy97.2%
Cost6664
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(\frac{-0.5}{x}\right), x\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(x + x\right), x\right)\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 8
Accuracy68.8%
Cost6564
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\log \left(-x\right), x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x\right), x\right)\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 9
Accuracy62.3%
Cost6532
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(x\right), x\right)\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 10
Accuracy54.1%
Cost3264
\[\mathsf{copysign}\left(x, x\right) \]

Error

Reproduce?

herbie shell --seed 2023133 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "Rust f32::asinh"
  :precision binary32

  :herbie-target
  (copysign (log1p (+ (fabs x) (/ (fabs x) (+ (hypot 1.0 (/ 1.0 (fabs x))) (/ 1.0 (fabs x)))))) x)

  (copysign (log (+ (fabs x) (sqrt (+ (* x x) 1.0)))) x))