| Alternative 1 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 94.2% |
| Cost | 3016.00 |
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (- (/ 1.0 (+ x 1.0)) (/ 2.0 x)) (/ 1.0 (- x 1.0))))
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 x))) (t_1 (+ (- t_0 (/ 2.0 x)) (/ 1.0 (+ x -1.0)))))
(if (or (<= t_1 -10.0) (not (<= t_1 1e-29)))
(+
t_0
(+
(/ -2.0 x)
(+ (/ -2.0 x) (/ (- (* -2.0 (+ x -1.0)) x) (* x (- 1.0 x))))))
(/ 2.0 (pow x 3.0)))))double code(double x) {
return ((1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x - 1.0));
}
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = 1.0 / (1.0 + x);
double t_1 = (t_0 - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x + -1.0));
double tmp;
if ((t_1 <= -10.0) || !(t_1 <= 1e-29)) {
tmp = t_0 + ((-2.0 / x) + ((-2.0 / x) + (((-2.0 * (x + -1.0)) - x) / (x * (1.0 - x)))));
} else {
tmp = 2.0 / pow(x, 3.0);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((1.0d0 / (x + 1.0d0)) - (2.0d0 / x)) + (1.0d0 / (x - 1.0d0))
end function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: t_1
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + x)
t_1 = (t_0 - (2.0d0 / x)) + (1.0d0 / (x + (-1.0d0)))
if ((t_1 <= (-10.0d0)) .or. (.not. (t_1 <= 1d-29))) then
tmp = t_0 + (((-2.0d0) / x) + (((-2.0d0) / x) + ((((-2.0d0) * (x + (-1.0d0))) - x) / (x * (1.0d0 - x)))))
else
tmp = 2.0d0 / (x ** 3.0d0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return ((1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x - 1.0));
}
public static double code(double x) {
double t_0 = 1.0 / (1.0 + x);
double t_1 = (t_0 - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x + -1.0));
double tmp;
if ((t_1 <= -10.0) || !(t_1 <= 1e-29)) {
tmp = t_0 + ((-2.0 / x) + ((-2.0 / x) + (((-2.0 * (x + -1.0)) - x) / (x * (1.0 - x)))));
} else {
tmp = 2.0 / Math.pow(x, 3.0);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): return ((1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x - 1.0))
def code(x): t_0 = 1.0 / (1.0 + x) t_1 = (t_0 - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x + -1.0)) tmp = 0 if (t_1 <= -10.0) or not (t_1 <= 1e-29): tmp = t_0 + ((-2.0 / x) + ((-2.0 / x) + (((-2.0 * (x + -1.0)) - x) / (x * (1.0 - x))))) else: tmp = 2.0 / math.pow(x, 3.0) return tmp
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(x + 1.0)) - Float64(2.0 / x)) + Float64(1.0 / Float64(x - 1.0))) end
function code(x) t_0 = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + x)) t_1 = Float64(Float64(t_0 - Float64(2.0 / x)) + Float64(1.0 / Float64(x + -1.0))) tmp = 0.0 if ((t_1 <= -10.0) || !(t_1 <= 1e-29)) tmp = Float64(t_0 + Float64(Float64(-2.0 / x) + Float64(Float64(-2.0 / x) + Float64(Float64(Float64(-2.0 * Float64(x + -1.0)) - x) / Float64(x * Float64(1.0 - x)))))); else tmp = Float64(2.0 / (x ^ 3.0)); end return tmp end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = ((1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x - 1.0)); end
function tmp_2 = code(x) t_0 = 1.0 / (1.0 + x); t_1 = (t_0 - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x + -1.0)); tmp = 0.0; if ((t_1 <= -10.0) || ~((t_1 <= 1e-29))) tmp = t_0 + ((-2.0 / x) + ((-2.0 / x) + (((-2.0 * (x + -1.0)) - x) / (x * (1.0 - x))))); else tmp = 2.0 / (x ^ 3.0); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(1.0 / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(2.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 / N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(t$95$0 - N[(2.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 / N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Or[LessEqual[t$95$1, -10.0], N[Not[LessEqual[t$95$1, 1e-29]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(t$95$0 + N[(N[(-2.0 / x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-2.0 / x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(-2.0 * N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x * N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(2.0 / N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\left(\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x - 1}
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1}{1 + x}\\
t_1 := \left(t_0 - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x + -1}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t_1 \leq -10 \lor \neg \left(t_1 \leq 10^{-29}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;t_0 + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \frac{-2 \cdot \left(x + -1\right) - x}{x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}\right)\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{2}{{x}^{3}}\\
\end{array}
Results
| Original | 84.7% |
|---|---|
| Target | 99.5% |
| Herbie | 98.9% |
if (+.f64 (-.f64 (/.f64 1 (+.f64 x 1)) (/.f64 2 x)) (/.f64 1 (-.f64 x 1))) < -10 or 9.99999999999999943e-30 < (+.f64 (-.f64 (/.f64 1 (+.f64 x 1)) (/.f64 2 x)) (/.f64 1 (-.f64 x 1))) Initial program 99.1
Simplified99.1
[Start]99.1 | \[ \left(\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x - 1}
\] |
|---|---|
associate-+l- [=>]99.1 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} - \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
sub-neg [=>]99.1 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(-\left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)\right)}
\] |
neg-mul-1 [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
metadata-eval [<=]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)
\] |
cancel-sign-sub-inv [<=]99.1 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} - 1 \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
+-commutative [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + x}} - 1 \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)
\] |
*-lft-identity [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
sub-neg [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}}\right)
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x + \color{blue}{-1}}\right)
\] |
Applied egg-rr99.1
Simplified99.1
[Start]99.1 | \[ \left(\frac{1}{1 + x} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-\frac{2}{x}, 1, \frac{2}{x}\right) - \frac{1}{1 - x}\right)
\] |
|---|---|
sub-neg [=>]99.1 | \[ \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{1 + x} + \left(-\frac{2}{x}\right)\right)} + \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-\frac{2}{x}, 1, \frac{2}{x}\right) - \frac{1}{1 - x}\right)
\] |
mul-1-neg [<=]99.1 | \[ \left(\frac{1}{1 + x} + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{2}{x}}\right) + \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-\frac{2}{x}, 1, \frac{2}{x}\right) - \frac{1}{1 - x}\right)
\] |
associate-+l+ [=>]99.1 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + x} + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{2}{x} + \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-\frac{2}{x}, 1, \frac{2}{x}\right) - \frac{1}{1 - x}\right)\right)}
\] |
+-commutative [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + 1}} + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{2}{x} + \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-\frac{2}{x}, 1, \frac{2}{x}\right) - \frac{1}{1 - x}\right)\right)
\] |
associate-*r/ [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot 2}{x}} + \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-\frac{2}{x}, 1, \frac{2}{x}\right) - \frac{1}{1 - x}\right)\right)
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{\color{blue}{-2}}{x} + \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-\frac{2}{x}, 1, \frac{2}{x}\right) - \frac{1}{1 - x}\right)\right)
\] |
sub-neg [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-\frac{2}{x}, 1, \frac{2}{x}\right) + \left(-\frac{1}{1 - x}\right)\right)}\right)
\] |
mul-1-neg [<=]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{2}{x}}, 1, \frac{2}{x}\right) + \left(-\frac{1}{1 - x}\right)\right)\right)
\] |
fma-udef [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{2}{x}\right) \cdot 1 + \frac{2}{x}\right)} + \left(-\frac{1}{1 - x}\right)\right)\right)
\] |
associate-+l+ [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{2}{x}\right) \cdot 1 + \left(\frac{2}{x} + \left(-\frac{1}{1 - x}\right)\right)\right)}\right)
\] |
associate-*r/ [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot 2}{x}} \cdot 1 + \left(\frac{2}{x} + \left(-\frac{1}{1 - x}\right)\right)\right)\right)
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\frac{\color{blue}{-2}}{x} \cdot 1 + \left(\frac{2}{x} + \left(-\frac{1}{1 - x}\right)\right)\right)\right)
\] |
associate-*l/ [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-2 \cdot 1}{x}} + \left(\frac{2}{x} + \left(-\frac{1}{1 - x}\right)\right)\right)\right)
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\frac{\color{blue}{-2}}{x} + \left(\frac{2}{x} + \left(-\frac{1}{1 - x}\right)\right)\right)\right)
\] |
distribute-neg-frac [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\frac{2}{x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{1 - x}}\right)\right)\right)
\] |
Applied egg-rr99.1
Simplified99.1
[Start]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \mathsf{fma}\left(2, 1 - x, -x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}\right)\right)
\] |
|---|---|
associate-*r/ [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, 1 - x, -x\right) \cdot 1}{x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}}\right)\right)
\] |
*-rgt-identity [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, 1 - x, -x\right)}}{x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}\right)\right)
\] |
fma-udef [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(1 - x\right) + \left(-x\right)}}{x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}\right)\right)
\] |
unsub-neg [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(1 - x\right) - x}}{x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}\right)\right)
\] |
metadata-eval [<=]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot -1\right)} \cdot \left(1 - x\right) - x}{x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}\right)\right)
\] |
associate-*r* [<=]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-2 \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(1 - x\right)\right)} - x}{x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}\right)\right)
\] |
neg-mul-1 [<=]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \frac{-2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\left(1 - x\right)\right)} - x}{x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}\right)\right)
\] |
sub-neg [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \frac{-2 \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-x\right)\right)}\right) - x}{x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}\right)\right)
\] |
distribute-neg-in [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \frac{-2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1\right) + \left(-\left(-x\right)\right)\right)} - x}{x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}\right)\right)
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \frac{-2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{-1} + \left(-\left(-x\right)\right)\right) - x}{x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}\right)\right)
\] |
remove-double-neg [=>]99.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \left(\frac{-2}{x} + \frac{-2 \cdot \left(-1 + \color{blue}{x}\right) - x}{x \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}\right)\right)
\] |
if -10 < (+.f64 (-.f64 (/.f64 1 (+.f64 x 1)) (/.f64 2 x)) (/.f64 1 (-.f64 x 1))) < 9.99999999999999943e-30Initial program 70.1
Simplified70.1
[Start]70.1 | \[ \left(\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x - 1}
\] |
|---|---|
associate-+l- [=>]70.1 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} - \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
sub-neg [=>]70.1 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(-\left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)\right)}
\] |
neg-mul-1 [=>]70.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
metadata-eval [<=]70.1 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)
\] |
cancel-sign-sub-inv [<=]70.1 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} - 1 \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
+-commutative [=>]70.1 | \[ \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + x}} - 1 \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)
\] |
*-lft-identity [=>]70.1 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
sub-neg [=>]70.1 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}}\right)
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]70.1 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x + \color{blue}{-1}}\right)
\] |
Taylor expanded in x around inf 98.7
Final simplification98.9
| Alternative 1 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 94.2% |
| Cost | 3016.00 |
| Alternative 2 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 95.7% |
| Cost | 1088.00 |
| Alternative 3 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 84.7% |
| Cost | 960.00 |
| Alternative 4 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 76.2% |
| Cost | 585.00 |
| Alternative 5 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 76.5% |
| Cost | 584.00 |
| Alternative 6 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 83.5% |
| Cost | 456.00 |
| Alternative 7 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 83.5% |
| Cost | 448.00 |
| Alternative 8 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 51.5% |
| Cost | 192.00 |
herbie shell --seed 2023093
(FPCore (x)
:name "3frac (problem 3.3.3)"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(/ 2.0 (* x (- (* x x) 1.0)))
(+ (- (/ 1.0 (+ x 1.0)) (/ 2.0 x)) (/ 1.0 (- x 1.0))))