quadp (p42, positive)

Average Error: 46.5% → 84.4%

Time: 21.9s

Precision: binary64

Cost: 7624.00

Math

\[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]

↓

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1.2 \cdot 10^{+86}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{-32}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b + -4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))

↓

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -1.2e+86)
   (- (/ c b) (/ b a))
   (if (<= b 2.6e-32)
     (/ (- (sqrt (+ (* b b) (* -4.0 (* c a)))) b) (* a 2.0))
     (/ (- c) b))))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}

↓

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -1.2e+86) {
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	} else if (b <= 2.6e-32) {
		tmp = (sqrt(((b * b) + (-4.0 * (c * a)))) - b) / (a * 2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = -c / b;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0d0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function

↓

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (b <= (-1.2d+86)) then
        tmp = (c / b) - (b / a)
    else if (b <= 2.6d-32) then
        tmp = (sqrt(((b * b) + ((-4.0d0) * (c * a)))) - b) / (a * 2.0d0)
    else
        tmp = -c / b
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}

↓

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -1.2e+86) {
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	} else if (b <= 2.6e-32) {
		tmp = (Math.sqrt(((b * b) + (-4.0 * (c * a)))) - b) / (a * 2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = -c / b;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a)

↓

def code(a, b, c):
	tmp = 0
	if b <= -1.2e+86:
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a)
	elif b <= 2.6e-32:
		tmp = (math.sqrt(((b * b) + (-4.0 * (c * a)))) - b) / (a * 2.0)
	else:
		tmp = -c / b
	return tmp

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(4.0 * Float64(a * c))))) / Float64(2.0 * a))
end

↓

function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -1.2e+86)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c / b) - Float64(b / a));
	elseif (b <= 2.6e-32)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) + Float64(-4.0 * Float64(c * a)))) - b) / Float64(a * 2.0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-c) / b);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
end

↓

function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b <= -1.2e+86)
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	elseif (b <= 2.6e-32)
		tmp = (sqrt(((b * b) + (-4.0 * (c * a)))) - b) / (a * 2.0);
	else
		tmp = -c / b;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

↓

code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -1.2e+86], N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 2.6e-32], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-4.0 * N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]]]

Target

Original	46.5%
Target	67.0%
Herbie	84.4%

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b < 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{a \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}}\\ \end{array} \]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if b < -1.2e86

   1. Initial program 27.5

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in b around -inf 83.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{c \cdot a}{b} + -2 \cdot b}}{2 \cdot a} \]

   3. Taylor expanded in c around 0 92.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} + -1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}} \]

   4. Simplified 92.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}} \]
      Proof

      [Start] 92.4	\[ \frac{c}{b} + -1 \cdot \frac{b}{a} \]
      mul-1-neg [=>] 92.4	\[ \frac{c}{b} + \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{b}{a}\right)} \]
      unsub-neg [=>] 92.4	\[ \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}} \]

   if -1.2e86 < b < 2.5999999999999997e-32

   1. Initial program 77.7

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]

   if 2.5999999999999997e-32 < b

   1. Initial program 14.1

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]

   2. Taylor expanded in b around inf 89.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]

   3. Simplified 89.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-c}{b}} \]
      Proof

      [Start] 89.5	\[ -1 \cdot \frac{c}{b} \]
      associate-*r/ [=>] 89.5	\[ \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot c}{b}} \]
      neg-mul-1 [<=] 89.5	\[ \frac{\color{blue}{-c}}{b} \]

3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 84.4

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1.2 \cdot 10^{+86}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{-32}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b + -4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)} - b}{a \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternatives

Alternative 1
Error	84.5%
Cost	7624.00

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -6 \cdot 10^{+82}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 3.65 \cdot 10^{-37}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b - \sqrt{b \cdot b + a \cdot \left(c \cdot -4\right)}}{a} \cdot -0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 2
Error	79.2%
Cost	7368.00

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1.5 \cdot 10^{-40}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{-36}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{-4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)} - b\right) \cdot \frac{0.5}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3
Error	79.3%
Cost	7368.00

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -2.35 \cdot 10^{-40}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-36}:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot \frac{b - \sqrt{-4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)}}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4
Error	64.4%
Cost	708.00

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -3.1 \cdot 10^{-236}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\frac{a}{b} - \frac{b}{c}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5
Error	64.4%
Cost	580.00

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 6
Error	38.2%
Cost	388.00

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 3.8 \cdot 10^{-218}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 7
Error	64.4%
Cost	388.00

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 4.2 \cdot 10^{-233}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 8
Error	12.1%
Cost	64.00

\[0 \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2023093 
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "quadp (p42, positive)"
  :precision binary64

  :herbie-target
  (if (< b 0.0) (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)) (/ c (* a (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))))

  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))