Cubic critical, wide range

Average Error: 82.24% → 0.13%

Time: 14.3s

Precision: binary64

Cost: 7296

\[\left(\left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < a \land a < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right) \land \left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < b \land b < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right)\right) \land \left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < c \land c < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right)\]

Math

\[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]

↓

\[\frac{-c}{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b + -3 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)}} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))

↓

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (- c) (+ b (sqrt (+ (* b b) (* -3.0 (* c a)))))))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}

↓

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return -c / (b + sqrt(((b * b) + (-3.0 * (c * a)))));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function

↓

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = -c / (b + sqrt(((b * b) + ((-3.0d0) * (c * a)))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}

↓

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return -c / (b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) + (-3.0 * (c * a)))));
}

Python

def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)

↓

def code(a, b, c):
	return -c / (b + math.sqrt(((b * b) + (-3.0 * (c * a)))))

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a))
end

↓

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(-c) / Float64(b + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) + Float64(-3.0 * Float64(c * a))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
end

↓

function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = -c / (b + sqrt(((b * b) + (-3.0 * (c * a)))));
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

↓

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[((-c) / N[(b + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-3.0 * N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 82.24

   \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]

2. Simplified 82.24

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{b - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -3, b \cdot b\right)}}{a} \cdot -0.3333333333333333} \]
   Proof

   [Start] 82.24	\[ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
   *-lft-identity [<=] 82.24	\[ \color{blue}{1 \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}} \]
   metadata-eval [<=] 82.24	\[ \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{-1}} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
   times-frac [<=] 82.24	\[ \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}{-1 \cdot \left(3 \cdot a\right)}} \]
   neg-mul-1 [<=] 82.24	\[ \frac{-1 \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}{\color{blue}{-3 \cdot a}} \]
   distribute-rgt-neg-in [=>] 82.24	\[ \frac{-1 \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}{\color{blue}{3 \cdot \left(-a\right)}} \]
   times-frac [=>] 82.24	\[ \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{-a}} \]
   *-commutative [=>] 82.24	\[ \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{-a} \cdot \frac{-1}{3}} \]

3. Applied egg-rr 81.77

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\left(b \cdot b - \mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -3, b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right) \cdot -0.3333333333333333}{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -3, b \cdot b\right)}}} \]

4. Taylor expanded in b around 0 0.13

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot c}}{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -3, b \cdot b\right)}} \]

5. Simplified 0.13

   \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-c}}{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -3, b \cdot b\right)}} \]
   Proof

   [Start] 0.13	\[ \frac{-1 \cdot c}{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -3, b \cdot b\right)}} \]
   mul-1-neg [=>] 0.13	\[ \frac{\color{blue}{-c}}{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, c \cdot -3, b \cdot b\right)}} \]

6. Applied egg-rr 0.13

   \[\leadsto \frac{-c}{b + \sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b + a \cdot \left(c \cdot -3\right)}}} \]

7. Taylor expanded in a around 0 0.13

   \[\leadsto \frac{-c}{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b + \color{blue}{-3 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)}}} \]

8. Final simplification 0.13

   \[\leadsto \frac{-c}{b + \sqrt{b \cdot b + -3 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)}} \]

Alternatives

Alternative 1
Error	4.37%
Cost	896

\[\frac{-c}{b + \left(b + -1.5 \cdot \frac{c \cdot a}{b}\right)} \]

Alternative 2
Error	4.36%
Cost	896

\[\frac{-c}{-1.5 \cdot \frac{c \cdot a}{b} + b \cdot 2} \]

Alternative 3
Error	9.83%
Cost	320

\[c \cdot \frac{-0.5}{b} \]

Alternative 4
Error	9.51%
Cost	320

\[\frac{c \cdot -0.5}{b} \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2023090 
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "Cubic critical, wide range"
  :precision binary64
  :pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))