UniformSampleCone, x

Average Error: 13.5 → 0.3

Time: 29.9s

Precision: binary32

Cost: 13408

\[\left(\left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq ux \land ux \leq 1\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq uy \land uy \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(0 \leq maxCos \land maxCos \leq 1\right)\]

Math

\[\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

↓

\[\sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \cos \left(\left(uy \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

FPCore

(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  (cos (* (* uy 2.0) PI))
  (sqrt
   (- 1.0 (* (+ (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)) (+ (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)))))))

↓

(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  (sqrt (- (* (- 2.0 (* 2.0 maxCos)) ux) (pow (* ux (+ maxCos -1.0)) 2.0)))
  (cos (* (* uy PI) -2.0))))

C

float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return cosf(((uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI))) * sqrtf((1.0f - (((1.0f - ux) + (ux * maxCos)) * ((1.0f - ux) + (ux * maxCos)))));
}

↓

float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return sqrtf((((2.0f - (2.0f * maxCos)) * ux) - powf((ux * (maxCos + -1.0f)), 2.0f))) * cosf(((uy * ((float) M_PI)) * -2.0f));
}

Julia

function code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(cos(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))) * sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) + Float32(ux * maxCos)) * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) + Float32(ux * maxCos))))))
end

↓

function code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) - Float32(Float32(2.0) * maxCos)) * ux) - (Float32(ux * Float32(maxCos + Float32(-1.0))) ^ Float32(2.0)))) * cos(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(pi)) * Float32(-2.0))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = cos(((uy * single(2.0)) * single(pi))) * sqrt((single(1.0) - (((single(1.0) - ux) + (ux * maxCos)) * ((single(1.0) - ux) + (ux * maxCos)))));
end

↓

function tmp = code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = sqrt((((single(2.0) - (single(2.0) * maxCos)) * ux) - ((ux * (maxCos + single(-1.0))) ^ single(2.0)))) * cos(((uy * single(pi)) * single(-2.0)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 13.5

   \[\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

2. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 0.3

   \[\leadsto \cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux + -1 \cdot \left({\left(maxCos - 1\right)}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right)}} \]

3. Simplified 0.3

   \[\leadsto \cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux + \left(-{\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
   Proof

   [Start] 0.3	\[ \cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux + -1 \cdot \left({\left(maxCos - 1\right)}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right)} \]
   rational.json-simplify-2 [=>] 0.3	\[ \cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux + \color{blue}{\left({\left(maxCos - 1\right)}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right) \cdot -1}} \]
   rational.json-simplify-9 [=>] 0.3	\[ \cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux + \color{blue}{\left(-{\left(maxCos - 1\right)}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right)}} \]
   exponential.json-simplify-27 [=>] 0.3	\[ \cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux + \left(-\color{blue}{{\left(\left(maxCos - 1\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right)} \]
   rational.json-simplify-2 [=>] 0.3	\[ \cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux + \left(-{\color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos - 1\right)\right)}}^{2}\right)} \]
   rational.json-simplify-16 [=>] 0.3	\[ \cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux + \left(-{\left(ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos + -1\right)}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

4. Taylor expanded in uy around inf 0.3

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {\left(maxCos - 1\right)}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}}} \]

5. Simplified 0.3

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \cos \left(\left(uy \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -2\right)} \]
   Proof

   [Start] 0.3	\[ \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {\left(maxCos - 1\right)}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}} \]
   rational.json-simplify-2 [=>] 0.3	\[ \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {\left(maxCos - 1\right)}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
   exponential.json-simplify-27 [=>] 0.3	\[ \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - \color{blue}{{\left(\left(maxCos - 1\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]
   rational.json-simplify-15 [<=] 0.3	\[ \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {\left(\color{blue}{\left(maxCos + -1\right)} \cdot ux\right)}^{2}} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]
   rational.json-simplify-2 [<=] 0.3	\[ \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {\color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}}^{2}} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]
   rational.json-simplify-2 [=>] 0.3	\[ \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\pi \cdot uy\right)}\right) \]
   rational.json-simplify-43 [<=] 0.3	\[ \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
   trig.json-simplify-24 [=>] 0.3	\[ \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(-uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
   rational.json-simplify-10 [=>] 0.3	\[ \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)}{-1}\right)} \]
   rational.json-simplify-43 [=>] 0.3	\[ \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\pi \cdot uy\right)}}{-1}\right) \]
   rational.json-simplify-2 [<=] 0.3	\[ \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \cos \left(\frac{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \pi\right)}}{-1}\right) \]
   rational.json-simplify-49 [=>] 0.3	\[ \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \frac{2}{-1}\right)} \]
   metadata-eval [=>] 0.3	\[ \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \cos \left(\left(uy \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{-2}\right) \]

6. Final simplification 0.3

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \cos \left(\left(uy \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -2\right) \]

Alternatives

Alternative 1
Error	1.1
Cost	13284

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;uy \cdot 2 \leq 0.00019999999494757503:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(2 \cdot ux + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot -2\right)\right) - {\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot ux - {ux}^{2}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 2
Error	1.1
Cost	13284

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;uy \cdot 2 \leq 0.00019999999494757503:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(2 \cdot ux + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot -2\right)\right) - {\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{ux + \left(ux - {ux}^{2}\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\left(uy \cdot \pi\right) \cdot -2\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3
Error	2.8
Cost	10884

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\\ t_1 := 1 - t_0 \cdot t_0\\ t_2 := \cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;t_1 \leq 0.0002099999983329326:\\ \;\;\;\;t_2 \cdot \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_2 \cdot \sqrt{t_1}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4
Error	3.0
Cost	10116

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;uy \cdot 2 \leq 0.003000000026077032:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(2 \cdot ux + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot -2\right)\right) - {\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5
Error	3.3
Cost	9988

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;uy \cdot 2 \leq 0.003000000026077032:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(2 \cdot ux + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot -2\right)\right) - {\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(-2 \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot ux}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 6
Error	6.4
Cost	6912

\[\sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {\left(-1 \cdot ux + maxCos \cdot ux\right)}^{2}} \]

Alternative 7
Error	6.4
Cost	6912

\[\sqrt{\left(2 \cdot ux + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot -2\right)\right) - {\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}^{2}} \]

Alternative 8
Error	6.4
Cost	6848

\[\sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {\left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)}^{2}} \]

Alternative 9
Error	6.7
Cost	6720

\[\sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux - {ux}^{2}} \]

Alternative 10
Error	7.7
Cost	6592

\[\sqrt{ux + \left(ux - {ux}^{2}\right)} \]

Alternative 11
Error	11.4
Cost	3424

\[\sqrt{\left(2 - 2 \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux} \]

Alternative 12
Error	32.0
Cost	3360

\[\sqrt{-1} \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2023074 
(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
  :name "UniformSampleCone, x"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 ux) (<= ux 1.0)) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 uy) (<= uy 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0 maxCos) (<= maxCos 1.0)))
  (* (cos (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (+ (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)) (+ (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)))))))