Asymptote C

Average Error: 29.4 → 0.0

Time: 9.5s

Precision: binary64

Cost: 7561

Math

\[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]

↓

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -20000000 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 130000\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{-3}{x} + \frac{\frac{-1}{x}}{x}\right) + \frac{-3}{{x}^{3}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{1 - x \cdot x} \cdot \left(1 + x \cdot 3\right)\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (/ x (+ x 1.0)) (/ (+ x 1.0) (- x 1.0))))

↓

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= x -20000000.0) (not (<= x 130000.0)))
   (+ (+ (/ -3.0 x) (/ (/ -1.0 x) x)) (/ -3.0 (pow x 3.0)))
   (* (/ 1.0 (- 1.0 (* x x))) (+ 1.0 (* x 3.0)))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return (x / (x + 1.0)) - ((x + 1.0) / (x - 1.0));
}

↓

double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if ((x <= -20000000.0) || !(x <= 130000.0)) {
		tmp = ((-3.0 / x) + ((-1.0 / x) / x)) + (-3.0 / pow(x, 3.0));
	} else {
		tmp = (1.0 / (1.0 - (x * x))) * (1.0 + (x * 3.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (x / (x + 1.0d0)) - ((x + 1.0d0) / (x - 1.0d0))
end function

↓

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((x <= (-20000000.0d0)) .or. (.not. (x <= 130000.0d0))) then
        tmp = (((-3.0d0) / x) + (((-1.0d0) / x) / x)) + ((-3.0d0) / (x ** 3.0d0))
    else
        tmp = (1.0d0 / (1.0d0 - (x * x))) * (1.0d0 + (x * 3.0d0))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return (x / (x + 1.0)) - ((x + 1.0) / (x - 1.0));
}

↓

public static double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if ((x <= -20000000.0) || !(x <= 130000.0)) {
		tmp = ((-3.0 / x) + ((-1.0 / x) / x)) + (-3.0 / Math.pow(x, 3.0));
	} else {
		tmp = (1.0 / (1.0 - (x * x))) * (1.0 + (x * 3.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x):
	return (x / (x + 1.0)) - ((x + 1.0) / (x - 1.0))

↓

def code(x):
	tmp = 0
	if (x <= -20000000.0) or not (x <= 130000.0):
		tmp = ((-3.0 / x) + ((-1.0 / x) / x)) + (-3.0 / math.pow(x, 3.0))
	else:
		tmp = (1.0 / (1.0 - (x * x))) * (1.0 + (x * 3.0))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(x / Float64(x + 1.0)) - Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) / Float64(x - 1.0)))
end

↓

function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((x <= -20000000.0) || !(x <= 130000.0))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-3.0 / x) + Float64(Float64(-1.0 / x) / x)) + Float64(-3.0 / (x ^ 3.0)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 - Float64(x * x))) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(x * 3.0)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (x / (x + 1.0)) - ((x + 1.0) / (x - 1.0));
end

↓

function tmp_2 = code(x)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((x <= -20000000.0) || ~((x <= 130000.0)))
		tmp = ((-3.0 / x) + ((-1.0 / x) / x)) + (-3.0 / (x ^ 3.0));
	else
		tmp = (1.0 / (1.0 - (x * x))) * (1.0 + (x * 3.0));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(N[(x / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

↓

code[x_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -20000000.0], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 130000.0]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(N[(-3.0 / x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-1.0 / x), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-3.0 / N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 - N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(x * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if x < -2e7 or 1.3e5 < x

   1. Initial program 59.5

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]

   2. Simplified 59.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{x}{-1 - x}} \]
      Proof

      [Start] 59.5	\[ \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
      sub-neg [=>] 59.5	\[ \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} + \left(-\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right)} \]
      +-commutative [=>] 59.5	\[ \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right) + \frac{x}{x + 1}} \]
      remove-double-neg [<=] 59.5	\[ \left(-\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right)\right)} \]
      sub-neg [<=] 59.5	\[ \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right) - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right)} \]
      distribute-neg-frac [=>] 59.5	\[ \color{blue}{\frac{-\left(x + 1\right)}{x - 1}} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      neg-sub0 [=>] 59.5	\[ \frac{\color{blue}{0 - \left(x + 1\right)}}{x - 1} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      +-commutative [=>] 59.5	\[ \frac{0 - \color{blue}{\left(1 + x\right)}}{x - 1} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      associate--r+ [=>] 59.5	\[ \frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - 1\right) - x}}{x - 1} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 59.5	\[ \frac{\color{blue}{-1} - x}{x - 1} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      sub-neg [=>] 59.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 59.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + \color{blue}{-1}} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      /-rgt-identity [<=] 59.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \color{blue}{\frac{-\frac{x}{x + 1}}{1}} \]
      neg-mul-1 [=>] 59.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{x}{x + 1}}}{1} \]
      metadata-eval [<=] 59.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right)} \cdot \frac{x}{x + 1}}{1} \]
      *-commutative [=>] 59.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} \cdot \left(-1\right)}}{1} \]
      associate-/l* [=>] 59.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{x + 1}}{\frac{1}{-1}}} \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 59.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\frac{x}{x + 1}}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1}}} \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 59.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\frac{x}{x + 1}}{\color{blue}{-1}} \]
      metadata-eval [<=] 59.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\frac{x}{x + 1}}{\color{blue}{-1}} \]
      associate-/l/ [=>] 59.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\left(-1\right) \cdot \left(x + 1\right)}} \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 59.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{x}{\color{blue}{-1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)} \]
      neg-mul-1 [<=] 59.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{x}{\color{blue}{-\left(x + 1\right)}} \]

   3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 0.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\left(3 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{3}} + \left(\frac{1}{{x}^{2}} + 3 \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right)\right)} \]

   4. Simplified 0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-3}{x} - \frac{\frac{1}{x}}{x}\right) - \frac{3}{{x}^{3}}} \]
      Proof

      [Start] 0.3	\[ -\left(3 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{3}} + \left(\frac{1}{{x}^{2}} + 3 \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right)\right) \]
      neg-sub0 [=>] 0.3	\[ \color{blue}{0 - \left(3 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{3}} + \left(\frac{1}{{x}^{2}} + 3 \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right)\right)} \]
      +-commutative [=>] 0.3	\[ 0 - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{{x}^{2}} + 3 \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right) + 3 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{3}}\right)} \]
      associate--r+ [=>] 0.3	\[ \color{blue}{\left(0 - \left(\frac{1}{{x}^{2}} + 3 \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right)\right) - 3 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{3}}} \]
      +-commutative [=>] 0.3	\[ \left(0 - \color{blue}{\left(3 \cdot \frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)}\right) - 3 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{3}} \]
      associate--r+ [=>] 0.3	\[ \color{blue}{\left(\left(0 - 3 \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right) - \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)} - 3 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{3}} \]
      neg-sub0 [<=] 0.3	\[ \left(\color{blue}{\left(-3 \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right)} - \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 3 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{3}} \]
      associate-*r/ [=>] 0.0	\[ \left(\left(-\color{blue}{\frac{3 \cdot 1}{x}}\right) - \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 3 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{3}} \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 0.0	\[ \left(\left(-\frac{\color{blue}{3}}{x}\right) - \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 3 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{3}} \]
      distribute-neg-frac [=>] 0.0	\[ \left(\color{blue}{\frac{-3}{x}} - \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 3 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{3}} \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 0.0	\[ \left(\frac{\color{blue}{-3}}{x} - \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 3 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{3}} \]
      unpow2 [=>] 0.0	\[ \left(\frac{-3}{x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}\right) - 3 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{3}} \]
      associate-/r* [=>] 0.0	\[ \left(\frac{-3}{x} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{x}}{x}}\right) - 3 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{3}} \]
      associate-*r/ [=>] 0.0	\[ \left(\frac{-3}{x} - \frac{\frac{1}{x}}{x}\right) - \color{blue}{\frac{3 \cdot 1}{{x}^{3}}} \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 0.0	\[ \left(\frac{-3}{x} - \frac{\frac{1}{x}}{x}\right) - \frac{\color{blue}{3}}{{x}^{3}} \]

   if -2e7 < x < 1.3e5

   1. Initial program 0.2

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]

   2. Simplified 0.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{x}{-1 - x}} \]
      Proof

      [Start] 0.2	\[ \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
      sub-neg [=>] 0.2	\[ \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} + \left(-\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right)} \]
      +-commutative [=>] 0.2	\[ \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right) + \frac{x}{x + 1}} \]
      remove-double-neg [<=] 0.2	\[ \left(-\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right)\right)} \]
      sub-neg [<=] 0.2	\[ \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right) - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right)} \]
      distribute-neg-frac [=>] 0.2	\[ \color{blue}{\frac{-\left(x + 1\right)}{x - 1}} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      neg-sub0 [=>] 0.2	\[ \frac{\color{blue}{0 - \left(x + 1\right)}}{x - 1} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      +-commutative [=>] 0.2	\[ \frac{0 - \color{blue}{\left(1 + x\right)}}{x - 1} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      associate--r+ [=>] 0.2	\[ \frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - 1\right) - x}}{x - 1} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 0.2	\[ \frac{\color{blue}{-1} - x}{x - 1} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      sub-neg [=>] 0.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 0.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + \color{blue}{-1}} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      /-rgt-identity [<=] 0.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \color{blue}{\frac{-\frac{x}{x + 1}}{1}} \]
      neg-mul-1 [=>] 0.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{x}{x + 1}}}{1} \]
      metadata-eval [<=] 0.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right)} \cdot \frac{x}{x + 1}}{1} \]
      *-commutative [=>] 0.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} \cdot \left(-1\right)}}{1} \]
      associate-/l* [=>] 0.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{x + 1}}{\frac{1}{-1}}} \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 0.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\frac{x}{x + 1}}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1}}} \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 0.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\frac{x}{x + 1}}{\color{blue}{-1}} \]
      metadata-eval [<=] 0.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\frac{x}{x + 1}}{\color{blue}{-1}} \]
      associate-/l/ [=>] 0.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\left(-1\right) \cdot \left(x + 1\right)}} \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 0.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{x}{\color{blue}{-1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)} \]
      neg-mul-1 [<=] 0.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{x}{\color{blue}{-\left(x + 1\right)}} \]

   3. Applied egg-rr 0.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot x}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 0.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-3 \cdot x - 1}}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)} \]

   5. Applied egg-rr 0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(-\left(-1 - x\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - -3 \cdot x\right)} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in x around 0 0.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + -1 \cdot {x}^{2}}} \cdot \left(1 - -3 \cdot x\right) \]

   7. Simplified 0.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(-x \cdot x\right)}} \cdot \left(1 - -3 \cdot x\right) \]
      Proof

      [Start] 0.0	\[ \frac{1}{1 + -1 \cdot {x}^{2}} \cdot \left(1 - -3 \cdot x\right) \]
      mul-1-neg [=>] 0.0	\[ \frac{1}{1 + \color{blue}{\left(-{x}^{2}\right)}} \cdot \left(1 - -3 \cdot x\right) \]
      unpow2 [=>] 0.0	\[ \frac{1}{1 + \left(-\color{blue}{x \cdot x}\right)} \cdot \left(1 - -3 \cdot x\right) \]

3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 0.0

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -20000000 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 130000\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{-3}{x} + \frac{\frac{-1}{x}}{x}\right) + \frac{-3}{{x}^{3}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{1 - x \cdot x} \cdot \left(1 + x \cdot 3\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternatives

Alternative 1
Error	0.0
Cost	1480

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1 \cdot 10^{+84}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 100000000:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{x \cdot -3 + -1}{-1 - x}}{\frac{1 - x \cdot x}{x + 1}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3 + \frac{-1}{x}}{x}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 2
Error	0.1
Cost	1097

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -550000 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 340000\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3 + \frac{-1}{x}}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3
Error	0.1
Cost	1096

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5 \cdot 10^{+42}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 200000:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot -3 + -1}{\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \left(x + -1\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3 + \frac{-1}{x}}{x}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4
Error	0.0
Cost	1096

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5 \cdot 10^{+42}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 200000:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{1 - x \cdot x} \cdot \left(1 + x \cdot 3\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3 + \frac{-1}{x}}{x}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5
Error	0.5
Cost	969

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 1\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3 + \frac{-1}{x}}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(1 + x \cdot 3\right) \cdot \left(1 + x \cdot x\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 6
Error	0.6
Cost	841

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 1.2\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3 + \frac{-1}{x}}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-1}{x + -1} + x \cdot 2\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 7
Error	0.6
Cost	713

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 1\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3 + \frac{-1}{x}}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + x \cdot 3\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 8
Error	1.0
Cost	584

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + x \cdot 3\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3}{x}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 9
Error	1.3
Cost	456

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3}{x}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 10
Error	31.6
Cost	64

\[1 \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2023057 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "Asymptote C"
  :precision binary64
  (- (/ x (+ x 1.0)) (/ (+ x 1.0) (- x 1.0))))