Asymptote C

Average Error: 29.1 → 0.0

Time: 10.5s

Precision: binary64

Cost: 1225

Math

\[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]

↓

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -50000000000 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 200000000000\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-1}{x \cdot x} + \frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(1 + x \cdot 3\right)\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (/ x (+ x 1.0)) (/ (+ x 1.0) (- x 1.0))))

↓

(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= x -50000000000.0) (not (<= x 200000000000.0)))
   (+ (/ -1.0 (* x x)) (/ -3.0 x))
   (* (/ 1.0 (* (- 1.0 x) (+ x 1.0))) (+ 1.0 (* x 3.0)))))

C

double code(double x) {
	return (x / (x + 1.0)) - ((x + 1.0) / (x - 1.0));
}

↓

double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if ((x <= -50000000000.0) || !(x <= 200000000000.0)) {
		tmp = (-1.0 / (x * x)) + (-3.0 / x);
	} else {
		tmp = (1.0 / ((1.0 - x) * (x + 1.0))) * (1.0 + (x * 3.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (x / (x + 1.0d0)) - ((x + 1.0d0) / (x - 1.0d0))
end function

↓

real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((x <= (-50000000000.0d0)) .or. (.not. (x <= 200000000000.0d0))) then
        tmp = ((-1.0d0) / (x * x)) + ((-3.0d0) / x)
    else
        tmp = (1.0d0 / ((1.0d0 - x) * (x + 1.0d0))) * (1.0d0 + (x * 3.0d0))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x) {
	return (x / (x + 1.0)) - ((x + 1.0) / (x - 1.0));
}

↓

public static double code(double x) {
	double tmp;
	if ((x <= -50000000000.0) || !(x <= 200000000000.0)) {
		tmp = (-1.0 / (x * x)) + (-3.0 / x);
	} else {
		tmp = (1.0 / ((1.0 - x) * (x + 1.0))) * (1.0 + (x * 3.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x):
	return (x / (x + 1.0)) - ((x + 1.0) / (x - 1.0))

↓

def code(x):
	tmp = 0
	if (x <= -50000000000.0) or not (x <= 200000000000.0):
		tmp = (-1.0 / (x * x)) + (-3.0 / x)
	else:
		tmp = (1.0 / ((1.0 - x) * (x + 1.0))) * (1.0 + (x * 3.0))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(x / Float64(x + 1.0)) - Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) / Float64(x - 1.0)))
end

↓

function code(x)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((x <= -50000000000.0) || !(x <= 200000000000.0))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-1.0 / Float64(x * x)) + Float64(-3.0 / x));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) * Float64(x + 1.0))) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(x * 3.0)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (x / (x + 1.0)) - ((x + 1.0) / (x - 1.0));
end

↓

function tmp_2 = code(x)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((x <= -50000000000.0) || ~((x <= 200000000000.0)))
		tmp = (-1.0 / (x * x)) + (-3.0 / x);
	else
		tmp = (1.0 / ((1.0 - x) * (x + 1.0))) * (1.0 + (x * 3.0));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_] := N[(N[(x / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

↓

code[x_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -50000000000.0], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 200000000000.0]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(-1.0 / N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-3.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(1.0 / N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(x * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if x < -5e10 or 2e11 < x

   1. Initial program 60.2

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]

   2. Simplified 60.2

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{x}{-1 - x}} \]
      Proof

      [Start] 60.2	\[ \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
      sub-neg [=>] 60.2	\[ \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} + \left(-\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right)} \]
      +-commutative [=>] 60.2	\[ \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right) + \frac{x}{x + 1}} \]
      remove-double-neg [<=] 60.2	\[ \left(-\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right)\right)} \]
      sub-neg [<=] 60.2	\[ \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right) - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right)} \]
      distribute-neg-frac [=>] 60.2	\[ \color{blue}{\frac{-\left(x + 1\right)}{x - 1}} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      neg-sub0 [=>] 60.2	\[ \frac{\color{blue}{0 - \left(x + 1\right)}}{x - 1} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      +-commutative [=>] 60.2	\[ \frac{0 - \color{blue}{\left(1 + x\right)}}{x - 1} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      associate--r+ [=>] 60.2	\[ \frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - 1\right) - x}}{x - 1} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 60.2	\[ \frac{\color{blue}{-1} - x}{x - 1} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      sub-neg [=>] 60.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 60.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + \color{blue}{-1}} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      /-rgt-identity [<=] 60.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \color{blue}{\frac{-\frac{x}{x + 1}}{1}} \]
      neg-mul-1 [=>] 60.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{x}{x + 1}}}{1} \]
      metadata-eval [<=] 60.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right)} \cdot \frac{x}{x + 1}}{1} \]
      *-commutative [=>] 60.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} \cdot \left(-1\right)}}{1} \]
      associate-/l* [=>] 60.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{x + 1}}{\frac{1}{-1}}} \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 60.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\frac{x}{x + 1}}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1}}} \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 60.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\frac{x}{x + 1}}{\color{blue}{-1}} \]
      metadata-eval [<=] 60.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\frac{x}{x + 1}}{\color{blue}{-1}} \]
      associate-/l/ [=>] 60.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\left(-1\right) \cdot \left(x + 1\right)}} \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 60.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{x}{\color{blue}{-1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)} \]
      neg-mul-1 [<=] 60.2	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{x}{\color{blue}{-\left(x + 1\right)}} \]

   3. Taylor expanded in x around inf 0.3

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\left(\frac{1}{{x}^{2}} + 3 \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right)} \]

   4. Simplified 0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{x \cdot x} + \frac{-3}{x}} \]
      Proof

      [Start] 0.3	\[ -\left(\frac{1}{{x}^{2}} + 3 \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right) \]
      distribute-neg-in [=>] 0.3	\[ \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right) + \left(-3 \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right)} \]
      unpow2 [=>] 0.3	\[ \left(-\frac{1}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}\right) + \left(-3 \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right) \]
      distribute-neg-frac [=>] 0.3	\[ \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{x \cdot x}} + \left(-3 \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right) \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 0.3	\[ \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{x \cdot x} + \left(-3 \cdot \frac{1}{x}\right) \]
      associate-*r/ [=>] 0.0	\[ \frac{-1}{x \cdot x} + \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{3 \cdot 1}{x}}\right) \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 0.0	\[ \frac{-1}{x \cdot x} + \left(-\frac{\color{blue}{3}}{x}\right) \]
      distribute-neg-frac [=>] 0.0	\[ \frac{-1}{x \cdot x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-3}{x}} \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 0.0	\[ \frac{-1}{x \cdot x} + \frac{\color{blue}{-3}}{x} \]

   if -5e10 < x < 2e11

   1. Initial program 0.5

      \[\frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]

   2. Simplified 0.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{x}{-1 - x}} \]
      Proof

      [Start] 0.5	\[ \frac{x}{x + 1} - \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} \]
      sub-neg [=>] 0.5	\[ \color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} + \left(-\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right)} \]
      +-commutative [=>] 0.5	\[ \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right) + \frac{x}{x + 1}} \]
      remove-double-neg [<=] 0.5	\[ \left(-\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(-\left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right)\right)} \]
      sub-neg [<=] 0.5	\[ \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{x + 1}{x - 1}\right) - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right)} \]
      distribute-neg-frac [=>] 0.5	\[ \color{blue}{\frac{-\left(x + 1\right)}{x - 1}} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      neg-sub0 [=>] 0.5	\[ \frac{\color{blue}{0 - \left(x + 1\right)}}{x - 1} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      +-commutative [=>] 0.5	\[ \frac{0 - \color{blue}{\left(1 + x\right)}}{x - 1} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      associate--r+ [=>] 0.5	\[ \frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - 1\right) - x}}{x - 1} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 0.5	\[ \frac{\color{blue}{-1} - x}{x - 1} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      sub-neg [=>] 0.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 0.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + \color{blue}{-1}} - \left(-\frac{x}{x + 1}\right) \]
      /-rgt-identity [<=] 0.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \color{blue}{\frac{-\frac{x}{x + 1}}{1}} \]
      neg-mul-1 [=>] 0.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{x}{x + 1}}}{1} \]
      metadata-eval [<=] 0.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1\right)} \cdot \frac{x}{x + 1}}{1} \]
      *-commutative [=>] 0.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{x}{x + 1} \cdot \left(-1\right)}}{1} \]
      associate-/l* [=>] 0.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{x + 1}}{\frac{1}{-1}}} \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 0.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\frac{x}{x + 1}}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{-1}}} \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 0.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\frac{x}{x + 1}}{\color{blue}{-1}} \]
      metadata-eval [<=] 0.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{\frac{x}{x + 1}}{\color{blue}{-1}} \]
      associate-/l/ [=>] 0.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\left(-1\right) \cdot \left(x + 1\right)}} \]
      metadata-eval [=>] 0.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{x}{\color{blue}{-1} \cdot \left(x + 1\right)} \]
      neg-mul-1 [<=] 0.5	\[ \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1} - \frac{x}{\color{blue}{-\left(x + 1\right)}} \]

   3. Applied egg-rr 0.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right) - \left(1 - x\right) \cdot x}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)}} \]

   4. Taylor expanded in x around 0 0.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-3 \cdot x - 1}}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)} \]

   5. Applied egg-rr 0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(-\left(-1 - x\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - -3 \cdot x\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 0.0

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -50000000000 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 200000000000\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-1}{x \cdot x} + \frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot \left(x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(1 + x \cdot 3\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternatives

Alternative 1
Error	0.1
Cost	1097

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -410000 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 350000\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-1}{x \cdot x} + \frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{x + 1} + \frac{-1 - x}{x + -1}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 2
Error	0.0
Cost	1097

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -500000000 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 200000000000\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-1}{x \cdot x} + \frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-1 + x \cdot -3}{\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \left(x + -1\right)}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3
Error	0.0
Cost	1097

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -50000000000 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 200000000000\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-1}{x \cdot x} + \frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(1 + x \cdot 3\right) \cdot \frac{1}{1 - x \cdot x}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4
Error	0.5
Cost	969

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 1\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-1}{x \cdot x} + \frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(1 + x \cdot 3\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x + 1\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5
Error	0.9
Cost	841

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 1.8\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + \frac{x + 1}{1 - x}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 6
Error	0.7
Cost	841

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 1.7\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-1}{x \cdot x} + \frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + \frac{x + 1}{1 - x}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 7
Error	0.9
Cost	713

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 1\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + \left(x + \left(x + 1\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 8
Error	0.9
Cost	584

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + x \cdot 3\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3}{x}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 9
Error	1.3
Cost	456

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3}{x}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;x + 1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-3}{x}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 10
Error	62.3
Cost	64

\[-2 \]

Alternative 11
Error	31.2
Cost	64

\[1 \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2023053 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "Asymptote C"
  :precision binary64
  (- (/ x (+ x 1.0)) (/ (+ x 1.0) (- x 1.0))))