?

Average Error: 22.6 → 0.1
Time: 8.2s
Precision: binary64
Cost: 7240

?

\[1 - \frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot y}{y + 1} \]
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{1 - x}{y}\\ \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -220000:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(x + \frac{x + -1}{y \cdot y}\right) + t_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 205000000:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{y + 1}, x + -1, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + t_0\\ \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- 1.0 (/ (* (- 1.0 x) y) (+ y 1.0))))
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (- 1.0 x) y)))
   (if (<= y -220000.0)
     (+ (+ x (/ (+ x -1.0) (* y y))) t_0)
     (if (<= y 205000000.0) (fma (/ y (+ y 1.0)) (+ x -1.0) 1.0) (+ x t_0)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	return 1.0 - (((1.0 - x) * y) / (y + 1.0));
}
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (1.0 - x) / y;
	double tmp;
	if (y <= -220000.0) {
		tmp = (x + ((x + -1.0) / (y * y))) + t_0;
	} else if (y <= 205000000.0) {
		tmp = fma((y / (y + 1.0)), (x + -1.0), 1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = x + t_0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(x, y)
	return Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) * y) / Float64(y + 1.0)))
end
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) / y)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (y <= -220000.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(x + Float64(Float64(x + -1.0) / Float64(y * y))) + t_0);
	elseif (y <= 205000000.0)
		tmp = fma(Float64(y / Float64(y + 1.0)), Float64(x + -1.0), 1.0);
	else
		tmp = Float64(x + t_0);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[x_, y_] := N[(1.0 - N[(N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] / y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[y, -220000.0], N[(N[(x + N[(N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[y, 205000000.0], N[(N[(y / N[(y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(x + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]]]]
1 - \frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot y}{y + 1}
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{1 - x}{y}\\
\mathbf{if}\;y \leq -220000:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(x + \frac{x + -1}{y \cdot y}\right) + t_0\\

\mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 205000000:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{y + 1}, x + -1, 1\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x + t_0\\


\end{array}

Error?

Target

Original22.6
Target0.2
Herbie0.1
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y < -3693.8482788297247:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{y} - \left(\frac{x}{y} - x\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y < 6799310503.41891:\\ \;\;\;\;1 - \frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot y}{y + 1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{y} - \left(\frac{x}{y} - x\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Derivation?

  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if y < -2.2e5

    1. Initial program 45.7

      \[1 - \frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot y}{y + 1} \]
    2. Simplified29.4

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{x + -1}{1 + y}, y, 1\right)} \]
      Proof

      [Start]45.7

      \[ 1 - \frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot y}{y + 1} \]

      sub-neg [=>]45.7

      \[ \color{blue}{1 + \left(-\frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot y}{y + 1}\right)} \]

      +-commutative [=>]45.7

      \[ \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot y}{y + 1}\right) + 1} \]

      neg-mul-1 [=>]45.7

      \[ \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot y}{y + 1}} + 1 \]

      associate-*l/ [<=]29.5

      \[ -1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1 - x}{y + 1} \cdot y\right)} + 1 \]

      associate-*r* [=>]29.5

      \[ \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{1 - x}{y + 1}\right) \cdot y} + 1 \]

      fma-def [=>]29.4

      \[ \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-1 \cdot \frac{1 - x}{y + 1}, y, 1\right)} \]

      associate-*r/ [=>]29.4

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}{y + 1}}, y, 1\right) \]

      neg-mul-1 [<=]29.4

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{-\left(1 - x\right)}}{y + 1}, y, 1\right) \]

      neg-sub0 [=>]29.4

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{0 - \left(1 - x\right)}}{y + 1}, y, 1\right) \]

      associate--r- [=>]29.4

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(0 - 1\right) + x}}{y + 1}, y, 1\right) \]

      metadata-eval [=>]29.4

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{-1} + x}{y + 1}, y, 1\right) \]

      +-commutative [<=]29.4

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{x + -1}}{y + 1}, y, 1\right) \]

      +-commutative [=>]29.4

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{x + -1}{\color{blue}{1 + y}}, y, 1\right) \]
    3. Taylor expanded in y around -inf 0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{y} + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{1 - x}{{y}^{2}} + x\right)\right) - \frac{x}{y}} \]
    4. Simplified0.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x + \frac{-1 + x}{y \cdot y}\right) - \frac{-1 + x}{y}} \]
      Proof

      [Start]0.0

      \[ \left(\frac{1}{y} + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{1 - x}{{y}^{2}} + x\right)\right) - \frac{x}{y} \]

      associate--l+ [=>]0.0

      \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{y} + \left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{1 - x}{{y}^{2}} + x\right) - \frac{x}{y}\right)} \]

      +-commutative [=>]0.0

      \[ \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{1 - x}{{y}^{2}} + x\right) - \frac{x}{y}\right) + \frac{1}{y}} \]

      associate-+l- [=>]0.0

      \[ \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{1 - x}{{y}^{2}} + x\right) - \left(\frac{x}{y} - \frac{1}{y}\right)} \]

      +-commutative [=>]0.0

      \[ \color{blue}{\left(x + -1 \cdot \frac{1 - x}{{y}^{2}}\right)} - \left(\frac{x}{y} - \frac{1}{y}\right) \]

      associate-*r/ [=>]0.0

      \[ \left(x + \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(1 - x\right)}{{y}^{2}}}\right) - \left(\frac{x}{y} - \frac{1}{y}\right) \]

      sub-neg [=>]0.0

      \[ \left(x + \frac{-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(-x\right)\right)}}{{y}^{2}}\right) - \left(\frac{x}{y} - \frac{1}{y}\right) \]

      distribute-lft-in [=>]0.0

      \[ \left(x + \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot 1 + -1 \cdot \left(-x\right)}}{{y}^{2}}\right) - \left(\frac{x}{y} - \frac{1}{y}\right) \]

      *-commutative [<=]0.0

      \[ \left(x + \frac{-1 \cdot 1 + \color{blue}{\left(-x\right) \cdot -1}}{{y}^{2}}\right) - \left(\frac{x}{y} - \frac{1}{y}\right) \]

      distribute-lft-neg-in [<=]0.0

      \[ \left(x + \frac{-1 \cdot 1 + \color{blue}{\left(-x \cdot -1\right)}}{{y}^{2}}\right) - \left(\frac{x}{y} - \frac{1}{y}\right) \]

      distribute-rgt-neg-in [=>]0.0

      \[ \left(x + \frac{-1 \cdot 1 + \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(--1\right)}}{{y}^{2}}\right) - \left(\frac{x}{y} - \frac{1}{y}\right) \]

      metadata-eval [=>]0.0

      \[ \left(x + \frac{-1 \cdot 1 + x \cdot \color{blue}{1}}{{y}^{2}}\right) - \left(\frac{x}{y} - \frac{1}{y}\right) \]

      distribute-rgt-in [<=]0.0

      \[ \left(x + \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(-1 + x\right)}}{{y}^{2}}\right) - \left(\frac{x}{y} - \frac{1}{y}\right) \]

      +-commutative [<=]0.0

      \[ \left(x + \frac{1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + -1\right)}}{{y}^{2}}\right) - \left(\frac{x}{y} - \frac{1}{y}\right) \]

      *-lft-identity [=>]0.0

      \[ \left(x + \frac{\color{blue}{x + -1}}{{y}^{2}}\right) - \left(\frac{x}{y} - \frac{1}{y}\right) \]

      +-commutative [=>]0.0

      \[ \left(x + \frac{\color{blue}{-1 + x}}{{y}^{2}}\right) - \left(\frac{x}{y} - \frac{1}{y}\right) \]

      unpow2 [=>]0.0

      \[ \left(x + \frac{-1 + x}{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}}\right) - \left(\frac{x}{y} - \frac{1}{y}\right) \]

      div-sub [<=]0.0

      \[ \left(x + \frac{-1 + x}{y \cdot y}\right) - \color{blue}{\frac{x - 1}{y}} \]

      sub-neg [=>]0.0

      \[ \left(x + \frac{-1 + x}{y \cdot y}\right) - \frac{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}}{y} \]

      metadata-eval [=>]0.0

      \[ \left(x + \frac{-1 + x}{y \cdot y}\right) - \frac{x + \color{blue}{-1}}{y} \]

      +-commutative [=>]0.0

      \[ \left(x + \frac{-1 + x}{y \cdot y}\right) - \frac{\color{blue}{-1 + x}}{y} \]

    if -2.2e5 < y < 2.05e8

    1. Initial program 0.1

      \[1 - \frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot y}{y + 1} \]
    2. Simplified0.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{1 + y}, x + -1, 1\right)} \]
      Proof

      [Start]0.1

      \[ 1 - \frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot y}{y + 1} \]

      sub-neg [=>]0.1

      \[ \color{blue}{1 + \left(-\frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot y}{y + 1}\right)} \]

      +-commutative [=>]0.1

      \[ \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot y}{y + 1}\right) + 1} \]

      *-lft-identity [<=]0.1

      \[ \color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(-\frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot y}{y + 1}\right)} + 1 \]

      associate-/l* [=>]0.2

      \[ 1 \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{\frac{y + 1}{y}}}\right) + 1 \]

      distribute-neg-frac [=>]0.2

      \[ 1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-\left(1 - x\right)}{\frac{y + 1}{y}}} + 1 \]

      associate-*r/ [=>]0.2

      \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(-\left(1 - x\right)\right)}{\frac{y + 1}{y}}} + 1 \]

      associate-*l/ [<=]0.2

      \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{y + 1}{y}} \cdot \left(-\left(1 - x\right)\right)} + 1 \]

      fma-def [=>]0.2

      \[ \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\frac{y + 1}{y}}, -\left(1 - x\right), 1\right)} \]

      associate-/l* [<=]0.1

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot y}{y + 1}}, -\left(1 - x\right), 1\right) \]

      *-lft-identity [=>]0.1

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{y}}{y + 1}, -\left(1 - x\right), 1\right) \]

      +-commutative [=>]0.1

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{\color{blue}{1 + y}}, -\left(1 - x\right), 1\right) \]

      neg-sub0 [=>]0.1

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{1 + y}, \color{blue}{0 - \left(1 - x\right)}, 1\right) \]

      associate--r- [=>]0.1

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{1 + y}, \color{blue}{\left(0 - 1\right) + x}, 1\right) \]

      metadata-eval [=>]0.1

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{1 + y}, \color{blue}{-1} + x, 1\right) \]

      +-commutative [<=]0.1

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{1 + y}, \color{blue}{x + -1}, 1\right) \]

    if 2.05e8 < y

    1. Initial program 46.1

      \[1 - \frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot y}{y + 1} \]
    2. Simplified28.9

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{1 + y}, x + -1, 1\right)} \]
      Proof

      [Start]46.1

      \[ 1 - \frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot y}{y + 1} \]

      sub-neg [=>]46.1

      \[ \color{blue}{1 + \left(-\frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot y}{y + 1}\right)} \]

      +-commutative [=>]46.1

      \[ \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot y}{y + 1}\right) + 1} \]

      *-lft-identity [<=]46.1

      \[ \color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(-\frac{\left(1 - x\right) \cdot y}{y + 1}\right)} + 1 \]

      associate-/l* [=>]28.9

      \[ 1 \cdot \left(-\color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{\frac{y + 1}{y}}}\right) + 1 \]

      distribute-neg-frac [=>]28.9

      \[ 1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-\left(1 - x\right)}{\frac{y + 1}{y}}} + 1 \]

      associate-*r/ [=>]28.9

      \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(-\left(1 - x\right)\right)}{\frac{y + 1}{y}}} + 1 \]

      associate-*l/ [<=]28.9

      \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{y + 1}{y}} \cdot \left(-\left(1 - x\right)\right)} + 1 \]

      fma-def [=>]28.9

      \[ \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\frac{y + 1}{y}}, -\left(1 - x\right), 1\right)} \]

      associate-/l* [<=]28.9

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot y}{y + 1}}, -\left(1 - x\right), 1\right) \]

      *-lft-identity [=>]28.9

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{y}}{y + 1}, -\left(1 - x\right), 1\right) \]

      +-commutative [=>]28.9

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{\color{blue}{1 + y}}, -\left(1 - x\right), 1\right) \]

      neg-sub0 [=>]28.9

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{1 + y}, \color{blue}{0 - \left(1 - x\right)}, 1\right) \]

      associate--r- [=>]28.9

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{1 + y}, \color{blue}{\left(0 - 1\right) + x}, 1\right) \]

      metadata-eval [=>]28.9

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{1 + y}, \color{blue}{-1} + x, 1\right) \]

      +-commutative [<=]28.9

      \[ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{1 + y}, \color{blue}{x + -1}, 1\right) \]
    3. Taylor expanded in y around inf 0.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{x - 1}{y} + x} \]
    4. Simplified0.1

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x - \frac{x + -1}{y}} \]
      Proof

      [Start]0.1

      \[ -1 \cdot \frac{x - 1}{y} + x \]

      +-commutative [=>]0.1

      \[ \color{blue}{x + -1 \cdot \frac{x - 1}{y}} \]

      mul-1-neg [=>]0.1

      \[ x + \color{blue}{\left(-\frac{x - 1}{y}\right)} \]

      unsub-neg [=>]0.1

      \[ \color{blue}{x - \frac{x - 1}{y}} \]

      sub-neg [=>]0.1

      \[ x - \frac{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}}{y} \]

      metadata-eval [=>]0.1

      \[ x - \frac{x + \color{blue}{-1}}{y} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification0.1

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -220000:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(x + \frac{x + -1}{y \cdot y}\right) + \frac{1 - x}{y}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 205000000:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{y + 1}, x + -1, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + \frac{1 - x}{y}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternatives

Alternative 1
Error0.1
Cost1092
\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{1 - x}{y}\\ \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -110000:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(x + \frac{x + -1}{y \cdot y}\right) + t_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 205000000:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + \frac{y \cdot \left(x + -1\right)}{y + 1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + t_0\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 2
Error0.1
Cost969
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -215000000 \lor \neg \left(y \leq 200000000\right):\\ \;\;\;\;x + \frac{1 - x}{y}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + y \cdot \frac{x + -1}{y + 1}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 3
Error0.1
Cost969
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -132000000 \lor \neg \left(y \leq 43000000\right):\\ \;\;\;\;x + \frac{1 - x}{y}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + \frac{y \cdot \left(x + -1\right)}{y + 1}\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 4
Error16.6
Cost720
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1.7 \cdot 10^{+54}:\\ \;\;\;\;x\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq -3.1 \cdot 10^{+43}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{y}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq -1:\\ \;\;\;\;x\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 7.5 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 - y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 5
Error1.1
Cost713
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1 \lor \neg \left(y \leq 0.78\right):\\ \;\;\;\;x + \frac{1}{y}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + \left(y \cdot x - y\right)\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 6
Error0.9
Cost713
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1 \lor \neg \left(y \leq 1\right):\\ \;\;\;\;x + \frac{1 - x}{y}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + \left(y \cdot x - y\right)\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 7
Error8.9
Cost585
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1 \lor \neg \left(y \leq 7.5 \cdot 10^{-6}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;x + \frac{1}{y}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 - y\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 8
Error1.2
Cost585
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1 \lor \neg \left(y \leq 1\right):\\ \;\;\;\;x + \frac{1}{y}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 + y \cdot x\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 9
Error16.5
Cost456
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1:\\ \;\;\;\;x\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 7.5 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 - y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 10
Error16.7
Cost328
\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1:\\ \;\;\;\;x\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 7.5 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x\\ \end{array} \]
Alternative 11
Error39.3
Cost64
\[1 \]

Error

Reproduce?

herbie shell --seed 2023039 
(FPCore (x y)
  :name "Diagrams.Trail:splitAtParam  from diagrams-lib-1.3.0.3, D"
  :precision binary64

  :herbie-target
  (if (< y -3693.8482788297247) (- (/ 1.0 y) (- (/ x y) x)) (if (< y 6799310503.41891) (- 1.0 (/ (* (- 1.0 x) y) (+ y 1.0))) (- (/ 1.0 y) (- (/ x y) x))))

  (- 1.0 (/ (* (- 1.0 x) y) (+ y 1.0))))