| Alternative 1 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 0.1 |
| Cost | 3529 |
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (+ (- (/ 1.0 (+ x 1.0)) (/ 2.0 x)) (/ 1.0 (- x 1.0))))
(FPCore (x)
:precision binary64
(if (<= x -290000.0)
(/ 2.0 (pow x 3.0))
(if (<= x 90000000.0)
(/
(- (* x x) (- x (* (+ (* x 2.0) (- -2.0 x)) (- -1.0 x))))
(* (+ x 1.0) (* x (+ x -1.0))))
(/
(+ (/ 2.0 x) (/ 4.0 (* x x)))
(* (+ x 1.0) (* x (/ (+ x -1.0) (+ x -2.0))))))))double code(double x) {
return ((1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x - 1.0));
}
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -290000.0) {
tmp = 2.0 / pow(x, 3.0);
} else if (x <= 90000000.0) {
tmp = ((x * x) - (x - (((x * 2.0) + (-2.0 - x)) * (-1.0 - x)))) / ((x + 1.0) * (x * (x + -1.0)));
} else {
tmp = ((2.0 / x) + (4.0 / (x * x))) / ((x + 1.0) * (x * ((x + -1.0) / (x + -2.0))));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((1.0d0 / (x + 1.0d0)) - (2.0d0 / x)) + (1.0d0 / (x - 1.0d0))
end function
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-290000.0d0)) then
tmp = 2.0d0 / (x ** 3.0d0)
else if (x <= 90000000.0d0) then
tmp = ((x * x) - (x - (((x * 2.0d0) + ((-2.0d0) - x)) * ((-1.0d0) - x)))) / ((x + 1.0d0) * (x * (x + (-1.0d0))))
else
tmp = ((2.0d0 / x) + (4.0d0 / (x * x))) / ((x + 1.0d0) * (x * ((x + (-1.0d0)) / (x + (-2.0d0)))))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return ((1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x - 1.0));
}
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -290000.0) {
tmp = 2.0 / Math.pow(x, 3.0);
} else if (x <= 90000000.0) {
tmp = ((x * x) - (x - (((x * 2.0) + (-2.0 - x)) * (-1.0 - x)))) / ((x + 1.0) * (x * (x + -1.0)));
} else {
tmp = ((2.0 / x) + (4.0 / (x * x))) / ((x + 1.0) * (x * ((x + -1.0) / (x + -2.0))));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): return ((1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x - 1.0))
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= -290000.0: tmp = 2.0 / math.pow(x, 3.0) elif x <= 90000000.0: tmp = ((x * x) - (x - (((x * 2.0) + (-2.0 - x)) * (-1.0 - x)))) / ((x + 1.0) * (x * (x + -1.0))) else: tmp = ((2.0 / x) + (4.0 / (x * x))) / ((x + 1.0) * (x * ((x + -1.0) / (x + -2.0)))) return tmp
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(x + 1.0)) - Float64(2.0 / x)) + Float64(1.0 / Float64(x - 1.0))) end
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -290000.0) tmp = Float64(2.0 / (x ^ 3.0)); elseif (x <= 90000000.0) tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - Float64(x - Float64(Float64(Float64(x * 2.0) + Float64(-2.0 - x)) * Float64(-1.0 - x)))) / Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) * Float64(x * Float64(x + -1.0)))); else tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 / x) + Float64(4.0 / Float64(x * x))) / Float64(Float64(x + 1.0) * Float64(x * Float64(Float64(x + -1.0) / Float64(x + -2.0))))); end return tmp end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = ((1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (2.0 / x)) + (1.0 / (x - 1.0)); end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -290000.0) tmp = 2.0 / (x ^ 3.0); elseif (x <= 90000000.0) tmp = ((x * x) - (x - (((x * 2.0) + (-2.0 - x)) * (-1.0 - x)))) / ((x + 1.0) * (x * (x + -1.0))); else tmp = ((2.0 / x) + (4.0 / (x * x))) / ((x + 1.0) * (x * ((x + -1.0) / (x + -2.0)))); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := N[(N[(N[(1.0 / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(2.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 / N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -290000.0], N[(2.0 / N[Power[x, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x, 90000000.0], N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - N[(x - N[(N[(N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-2.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(2.0 / x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 / N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * N[(N[(x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\left(\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x - 1}
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -290000:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{2}{{x}^{3}}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 90000000:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x - \left(x - \left(x \cdot 2 + \left(-2 - x\right)\right) \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x + -1\right)\right)}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2}{x} + \frac{4}{x \cdot x}}{\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + -2}\right)}\\
\end{array}
Results
| Original | 9.7 |
|---|---|
| Target | 0.3 |
| Herbie | 0.3 |
if x < -2.9e5Initial program 19.0
Simplified19.0
[Start]19.0 | \[ \left(\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x - 1}
\] |
|---|---|
associate-+l- [=>]19.0 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} - \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
sub-neg [=>]19.0 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(-\left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)\right)}
\] |
neg-mul-1 [=>]19.0 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
metadata-eval [<=]19.0 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)
\] |
cancel-sign-sub-inv [<=]19.0 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} - 1 \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
+-commutative [=>]19.0 | \[ \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + x}} - 1 \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)
\] |
*-lft-identity [=>]19.0 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
sub-neg [=>]19.0 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}}\right)
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]19.0 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x + \color{blue}{-1}}\right)
\] |
Taylor expanded in x around inf 0.5
if -2.9e5 < x < 9e7Initial program 0.6
Simplified0.6
[Start]0.6 | \[ \left(\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x - 1}
\] |
|---|---|
associate-+l- [=>]0.6 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} - \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
sub-neg [=>]0.6 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(-\left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)\right)}
\] |
neg-mul-1 [=>]0.6 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
metadata-eval [<=]0.6 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)
\] |
cancel-sign-sub-inv [<=]0.6 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} - 1 \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
+-commutative [=>]0.6 | \[ \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + x}} - 1 \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)
\] |
*-lft-identity [=>]0.6 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
sub-neg [=>]0.6 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}}\right)
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]0.6 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x + \color{blue}{-1}}\right)
\] |
Applied egg-rr0.2
Simplified0.2
[Start]0.2 | \[ \frac{x \cdot x - \left(x + \left(1 + x\right) \cdot \left(-2 + \left(2 \cdot x - x\right)\right)\right)}{\left(1 + x\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -x\right)}
\] |
|---|---|
+-commutative [=>]0.2 | \[ \frac{x \cdot x - \left(x + \color{blue}{\left(x + 1\right)} \cdot \left(-2 + \left(2 \cdot x - x\right)\right)\right)}{\left(1 + x\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -x\right)}
\] |
+-commutative [=>]0.2 | \[ \frac{x \cdot x - \left(x + \left(x + 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(2 \cdot x - x\right) + -2\right)}\right)}{\left(1 + x\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -x\right)}
\] |
associate-+l- [=>]0.2 | \[ \frac{x \cdot x - \left(x + \left(x + 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot x - \left(x - -2\right)\right)}\right)}{\left(1 + x\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -x\right)}
\] |
*-commutative [=>]0.2 | \[ \frac{x \cdot x - \left(x + \left(x + 1\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot 2} - \left(x - -2\right)\right)\right)}{\left(1 + x\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -x\right)}
\] |
+-commutative [=>]0.2 | \[ \frac{x \cdot x - \left(x + \left(x + 1\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot 2 - \left(x - -2\right)\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(x + 1\right)} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -x\right)}
\] |
fma-udef [=>]0.2 | \[ \frac{x \cdot x - \left(x + \left(x + 1\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot 2 - \left(x - -2\right)\right)\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x + \left(-x\right)\right)}}
\] |
mul-1-neg [<=]0.2 | \[ \frac{x \cdot x - \left(x + \left(x + 1\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot 2 - \left(x - -2\right)\right)\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot x}\right)}
\] |
distribute-rgt-in [<=]0.2 | \[ \frac{x \cdot x - \left(x + \left(x + 1\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot 2 - \left(x - -2\right)\right)\right)}{\left(x + 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(x + -1\right)\right)}}
\] |
if 9e7 < x Initial program 19.7
Simplified19.7
[Start]19.7 | \[ \left(\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{2}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x - 1}
\] |
|---|---|
associate-+l- [=>]19.7 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} - \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
sub-neg [=>]19.7 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} + \left(-\left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)\right)}
\] |
neg-mul-1 [=>]19.7 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
metadata-eval [<=]19.7 | \[ \frac{1}{x + 1} + \color{blue}{\left(-1\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)
\] |
cancel-sign-sub-inv [<=]19.7 | \[ \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x + 1} - 1 \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
+-commutative [=>]19.7 | \[ \frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 + x}} - 1 \cdot \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)
\] |
*-lft-identity [=>]19.7 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x - 1}\right)}
\] |
sub-neg [=>]19.7 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x + \left(-1\right)}}\right)
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]19.7 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \left(\frac{2}{x} - \frac{1}{x + \color{blue}{-1}}\right)
\] |
Applied egg-rr19.8
Simplified19.8
[Start]19.8 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \frac{\frac{-2 + \left(2 \cdot x - x\right)}{x}}{1} \cdot \frac{1}{x + -1}
\] |
|---|---|
/-rgt-identity [=>]19.8 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \color{blue}{\frac{-2 + \left(2 \cdot x - x\right)}{x}} \cdot \frac{1}{x + -1}
\] |
associate-*l/ [=>]19.8 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-2 + \left(2 \cdot x - x\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{x + -1}}{x}}
\] |
+-commutative [=>]19.8 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left(2 \cdot x - x\right) + -2\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{x + -1}}{x}
\] |
associate-+l- [=>]19.8 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot x - \left(x - -2\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{x + -1}}{x}
\] |
*-commutative [=>]19.8 | \[ \frac{1}{1 + x} - \frac{\left(\color{blue}{x \cdot 2} - \left(x - -2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{x + -1}}{x}
\] |
Applied egg-rr30.2
Taylor expanded in x around inf 0.1
Simplified0.1
[Start]0.1 | \[ \frac{4 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}} + 2 \cdot \frac{1}{x}}{\left(1 + x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + -2}\right)}
\] |
|---|---|
+-commutative [=>]0.1 | \[ \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{1}{x} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}}}{\left(1 + x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + -2}\right)}
\] |
associate-*r/ [=>]0.1 | \[ \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot 1}{x}} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}}{\left(1 + x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + -2}\right)}
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]0.1 | \[ \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{2}}{x} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}}{\left(1 + x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + -2}\right)}
\] |
associate-*r/ [=>]0.1 | \[ \frac{\frac{2}{x} + \color{blue}{\frac{4 \cdot 1}{{x}^{2}}}}{\left(1 + x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + -2}\right)}
\] |
metadata-eval [=>]0.1 | \[ \frac{\frac{2}{x} + \frac{\color{blue}{4}}{{x}^{2}}}{\left(1 + x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + -2}\right)}
\] |
unpow2 [=>]0.1 | \[ \frac{\frac{2}{x} + \frac{4}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}}{\left(1 + x\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot \frac{x + -1}{x + -2}\right)}
\] |
Final simplification0.3
| Alternative 1 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 0.1 |
| Cost | 3529 |
| Alternative 2 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 0.6 |
| Cost | 3528 |
| Alternative 3 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 0.6 |
| Cost | 3017 |
| Alternative 4 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 0.6 |
| Cost | 3016 |
| Alternative 5 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 0.2 |
| Cost | 1993 |
| Alternative 6 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 0.5 |
| Cost | 1224 |
| Alternative 7 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 1.0 |
| Cost | 841 |
| Alternative 8 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 15.4 |
| Cost | 585 |
| Alternative 9 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 10.7 |
| Cost | 448 |
| Alternative 10 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 30.8 |
| Cost | 192 |
| Alternative 11 | |
|---|---|
| Error | 61.9 |
| Cost | 64 |
herbie shell --seed 2023016
(FPCore (x)
:name "3frac (problem 3.3.3)"
:precision binary64
:herbie-target
(/ 2.0 (* x (- (* x x) 1.0)))
(+ (- (/ 1.0 (+ x 1.0)) (/ 2.0 x)) (/ 1.0 (- x 1.0))))