Quadratic roots, wide range

Average Error: 52.7 → 1.4

Time: 13.2s

Precision: binary64

Cost: 34496

\[\left(\left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < a \land a < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right) \land \left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < b \land b < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right)\right) \land \left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < c \land c < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right)\]

Math

\[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a} \]

↓

\[\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, {\left(c \cdot a\right)}^{4} \cdot \frac{20}{a \cdot {b}^{7}}, \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot -2\right)\right) \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - a \cdot \left(\frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}\right) \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))

↓

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (-
  (fma
   -0.25
   (* (pow (* c a) 4.0) (/ 20.0 (* a (pow b 7.0))))
   (- (/ (* (* a (* a -2.0)) (pow c 3.0)) (pow b 5.0)) (/ c b)))
  (* a (* (/ c b) (/ c (* b b))))))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}

↓

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return fma(-0.25, (pow((c * a), 4.0) * (20.0 / (a * pow(b, 7.0)))), ((((a * (a * -2.0)) * pow(c, 3.0)) / pow(b, 5.0)) - (c / b))) - (a * ((c / b) * (c / (b * b))));
}

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a))
end

↓

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(fma(-0.25, Float64((Float64(c * a) ^ 4.0) * Float64(20.0 / Float64(a * (b ^ 7.0)))), Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * Float64(a * -2.0)) * (c ^ 3.0)) / (b ^ 5.0)) - Float64(c / b))) - Float64(a * Float64(Float64(c / b) * Float64(c / Float64(b * b)))))
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

↓

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(-0.25 * N[(N[Power[N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(20.0 / N[(a * N[Power[b, 7.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[(a * N[(a * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[c, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 5.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a * N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 52.7

   \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a} \]

2. Simplified 52.7

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{a \cdot 2}} \]
   Proof

   [Start] 52.7	\[ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a} \]
   *-commutative [=>] 52.7	\[ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{a \cdot 2}} \]

3. Taylor expanded in b around inf 1.4

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2} \cdot a}{{b}^{3}} + \left(-0.25 \cdot \frac{{\left(-2 \cdot \left({c}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + 16 \cdot \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{7}} + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -2 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3} \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}}\right)\right)} \]

4. Simplified 1.4

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, \frac{4 \cdot \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right) + 16 \cdot \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{7}}, \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot -2\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - \frac{c \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} \cdot a} \]
   Proof

   [Start] 1.4	\[ -1 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2} \cdot a}{{b}^{3}} + \left(-0.25 \cdot \frac{{\left(-2 \cdot \left({c}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + 16 \cdot \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{7}} + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -2 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3} \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}}\right)\right) \]
   +-commutative [=>] 1.4	\[ \color{blue}{\left(-0.25 \cdot \frac{{\left(-2 \cdot \left({c}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right)\right)}^{2} + 16 \cdot \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{7}} + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b} + -2 \cdot \frac{{c}^{3} \cdot {a}^{2}}{{b}^{5}}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot \frac{{c}^{2} \cdot a}{{b}^{3}}} \]

5. Taylor expanded in c around 0 1.4

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, \color{blue}{\frac{{c}^{4} \cdot \left(16 \cdot {a}^{4} + 4 \cdot {a}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{7}}}, \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot -2\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - \frac{c \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} \cdot a \]

6. Simplified 1.4

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, \color{blue}{{\left(c \cdot a\right)}^{4} \cdot \frac{20}{a \cdot {b}^{7}}}, \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot -2\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - \frac{c \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} \cdot a \]
   Proof

   [Start] 1.4	\[ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, \frac{{c}^{4} \cdot \left(16 \cdot {a}^{4} + 4 \cdot {a}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{7}}, \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot -2\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - \frac{c \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} \cdot a \]
   +-commutative [=>] 1.4	\[ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, \frac{{c}^{4} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot {a}^{4} + 16 \cdot {a}^{4}\right)}}{a \cdot {b}^{7}}, \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot -2\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - \frac{c \cdot c}{{b}^{3}} \cdot a \]

7. Applied egg-rr 1.4

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, {\left(c \cdot a\right)}^{4} \cdot \frac{20}{a \cdot {b}^{7}}, \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot -2\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b}\right)} \cdot a \]

8. Final simplification 1.4

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, {\left(c \cdot a\right)}^{4} \cdot \frac{20}{a \cdot {b}^{7}}, \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot -2\right)\right) \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - a \cdot \left(\frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}\right) \]

Alternatives

Alternative 1
Error	1.9
Cost	14528

\[\left(\frac{\left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot -2\right)\right) \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{5}} - \frac{c}{b}\right) - \frac{\frac{\frac{a}{b}}{b}}{\frac{\frac{b}{c}}{c}} \]

Alternative 2
Error	1.8
Cost	14400

\[a \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(c \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{{b}^{5}}\right)\right) - c \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{c}{b} \]

Alternative 3
Error	2.9
Cost	1024

\[\left(-\frac{c}{b}\right) - \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot a}{b} \]

Alternative 4
Error	6.0
Cost	256

\[-\frac{c}{b} \]

Alternative 5
Error	62.9
Cost	192

\[\frac{c}{b} \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2023012 
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "Quadratic roots, wide range"
  :precision binary64
  :pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))