Octave 3.8, oct_fill_randg

Average Error: 0.1 → 0.1

Time: 11.0s

Precision: binary64

Cost: 7360

Math

\[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]

↓

\[\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(1 + rand \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a \cdot 9 + -3}}\right) \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (- a (/ 1.0 3.0))
  (+ 1.0 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt (* 9.0 (- a (/ 1.0 3.0))))) rand))))

↓

(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (- a 0.3333333333333333)
  (+ 1.0 (* rand (sqrt (/ 1.0 (+ (* a 9.0) -3.0)))))))

C

double code(double a, double rand) {
	return (a - (1.0 / 3.0)) * (1.0 + ((1.0 / sqrt((9.0 * (a - (1.0 / 3.0))))) * rand));
}

↓

double code(double a, double rand) {
	return (a - 0.3333333333333333) * (1.0 + (rand * sqrt((1.0 / ((a * 9.0) + -3.0)))));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, rand)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    code = (a - (1.0d0 / 3.0d0)) * (1.0d0 + ((1.0d0 / sqrt((9.0d0 * (a - (1.0d0 / 3.0d0))))) * rand))
end function

↓

real(8) function code(a, rand)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    code = (a - 0.3333333333333333d0) * (1.0d0 + (rand * sqrt((1.0d0 / ((a * 9.0d0) + (-3.0d0))))))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	return (a - (1.0 / 3.0)) * (1.0 + ((1.0 / Math.sqrt((9.0 * (a - (1.0 / 3.0))))) * rand));
}

↓

public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	return (a - 0.3333333333333333) * (1.0 + (rand * Math.sqrt((1.0 / ((a * 9.0) + -3.0)))));
}

Python

def code(a, rand):
	return (a - (1.0 / 3.0)) * (1.0 + ((1.0 / math.sqrt((9.0 * (a - (1.0 / 3.0))))) * rand))

↓

def code(a, rand):
	return (a - 0.3333333333333333) * (1.0 + (rand * math.sqrt((1.0 / ((a * 9.0) + -3.0)))))

Julia

function code(a, rand)
	return Float64(Float64(a - Float64(1.0 / 3.0)) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(1.0 / sqrt(Float64(9.0 * Float64(a - Float64(1.0 / 3.0))))) * rand)))
end

↓

function code(a, rand)
	return Float64(Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(rand * sqrt(Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(a * 9.0) + -3.0))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, rand)
	tmp = (a - (1.0 / 3.0)) * (1.0 + ((1.0 / sqrt((9.0 * (a - (1.0 / 3.0))))) * rand));
end

↓

function tmp = code(a, rand)
	tmp = (a - 0.3333333333333333) * (1.0 + (rand * sqrt((1.0 / ((a * 9.0) + -3.0)))));
end

Wolfram

code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[(a - N[(1.0 / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[N[(9.0 * N[(a - N[(1.0 / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

↓

code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(rand * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 / N[(N[(a * 9.0), $MachinePrecision] + -3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 0.1

   \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]

2. Simplified 0.1

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, 9, -3\right)}}\right)} \]
   Proof
   (*.f64 (-.f64 a 1/3) (+.f64 1 (/.f64 rand (sqrt.f64 (fma.f64 a 9 -3))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f64 (-.f64 a (Rewrite<= metadata-eval (/.f64 1 3))) (+.f64 1 (/.f64 rand (sqrt.f64 (fma.f64 a 9 -3))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f64 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3)) (+.f64 1 (/.f64 (Rewrite<= *-lft-identity_binary64 (*.f64 1 rand)) (sqrt.f64 (fma.f64 a 9 -3))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f64 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3)) (+.f64 1 (/.f64 (*.f64 1 rand) (sqrt.f64 (fma.f64 a 9 (Rewrite<= metadata-eval (*.f64 -1/3 9))))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f64 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3)) (+.f64 1 (/.f64 (*.f64 1 rand) (sqrt.f64 (fma.f64 a 9 (*.f64 (Rewrite<= metadata-eval (neg.f64 1/3)) 9)))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f64 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3)) (+.f64 1 (/.f64 (*.f64 1 rand) (sqrt.f64 (fma.f64 a 9 (*.f64 (neg.f64 (Rewrite<= metadata-eval (/.f64 1 3))) 9)))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f64 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3)) (+.f64 1 (/.f64 (*.f64 1 rand) (sqrt.f64 (Rewrite<= fma-def_binary64 (+.f64 (*.f64 a 9) (*.f64 (neg.f64 (/.f64 1 3)) 9))))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f64 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3)) (+.f64 1 (/.f64 (*.f64 1 rand) (sqrt.f64 (Rewrite<= distribute-rgt-in_binary64 (*.f64 9 (+.f64 a (neg.f64 (/.f64 1 3))))))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f64 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3)) (+.f64 1 (/.f64 (*.f64 1 rand) (sqrt.f64 (*.f64 9 (Rewrite<= sub-neg_binary64 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3)))))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f64 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3)) (+.f64 1 (Rewrite<= associate-*l/_binary64 (*.f64 (/.f64 1 (sqrt.f64 (*.f64 9 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3))))) rand)))): 7 points increase in error, 8 points decrease in error
   (*.f64 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3)) (+.f64 1 (Rewrite<= remove-double-neg_binary64 (neg.f64 (neg.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 1 (sqrt.f64 (*.f64 9 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3))))) rand)))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f64 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3)) (Rewrite<= sub-neg_binary64 (-.f64 1 (neg.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 1 (sqrt.f64 (*.f64 9 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3))))) rand))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (Rewrite<= distribute-rgt-out--_binary64 (-.f64 (*.f64 1 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3))) (*.f64 (neg.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 1 (sqrt.f64 (*.f64 9 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3))))) rand)) (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3))))): 1 points increase in error, 1 points decrease in error
   (-.f64 (Rewrite=> *-lft-identity_binary64 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3))) (*.f64 (neg.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 1 (sqrt.f64 (*.f64 9 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3))))) rand)) (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3)))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (Rewrite=> cancel-sign-sub_binary64 (+.f64 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 1 (sqrt.f64 (*.f64 9 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3))))) rand) (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (+.f64 (Rewrite<= *-lft-identity_binary64 (*.f64 1 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3)))) (*.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 1 (sqrt.f64 (*.f64 9 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3))))) rand) (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3)))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (Rewrite<= distribute-rgt-in_binary64 (*.f64 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3)) (+.f64 1 (*.f64 (/.f64 1 (sqrt.f64 (*.f64 9 (-.f64 a (/.f64 1 3))))) rand)))): 1 points increase in error, 1 points decrease in error

3. Taylor expanded in rand around 0 0.1

   \[\leadsto \left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{rand \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{9 \cdot a - 3}}}\right) \]

4. Final simplification 0.1

   \[\leadsto \left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(1 + rand \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a \cdot 9 + -3}}\right) \]

Alternatives

Alternative 1
Error	0.1
Cost	7232

\[\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\frac{rand}{3}}{\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}}\right) \]

Alternative 2
Error	1.2
Cost	7112

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := a + 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -1.0406286794925802 \cdot 10^{+33}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;rand \leq 1.0999983397036142 \cdot 10^{-63}:\\ \;\;\;\;a - 0.3333333333333333\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3
Error	0.9
Cost	7104

\[\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(1 + rand \cdot \frac{0.3333333333333333}{\sqrt{a}}\right) \]

Alternative 4
Error	0.8
Cost	7104

\[\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{rand}{3 \cdot \sqrt{a}}\right) \]

Alternative 5
Error	0.2
Cost	7104

\[-0.3333333333333333 + \left(a + 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}\right)\right) \]

Alternative 6
Error	6.0
Cost	6984

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -1.64349747615508 \cdot 10^{+106}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;rand \leq 7.0885085917935655 \cdot 10^{+81}:\\ \;\;\;\;a - 0.3333333333333333\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 7
Error	0.9
Cost	6976

\[-0.3333333333333333 + \left(a + 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a}\right)\right) \]

Alternative 8
Error	18.8
Cost	192

\[a - 0.3333333333333333 \]

Alternative 9
Error	63.0
Cost	64

\[-0.3333333333333333 \]

Alternative 10
Error	19.4
Cost	64

\[a \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2022317 
(FPCore (a rand)
  :name "Octave 3.8, oct_fill_randg"
  :precision binary64
  (* (- a (/ 1.0 3.0)) (+ 1.0 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt (* 9.0 (- a (/ 1.0 3.0))))) rand))))