Logistic regression 2

Average Error: 0.5 → 0.6

Time: 11.1s

Precision: binary64

Cost: 7364

Math

\[\log \left(1 + e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y \]

↓

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -33469073.123140775:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(-y\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(0.5 - y\right) + \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.125\right) + \log 2\right)\\ \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)))

↓

(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= x -33469073.123140775)
   (* x (- y))
   (+ (* x (- 0.5 y)) (+ (* x (* x 0.125)) (log 2.0)))))

C

double code(double x, double y) {
	return log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y);
}

↓

double code(double x, double y) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -33469073.123140775) {
		tmp = x * -y;
	} else {
		tmp = (x * (0.5 - y)) + ((x * (x * 0.125)) + log(2.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    code = log((1.0d0 + exp(x))) - (x * y)
end function

↓

real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x <= (-33469073.123140775d0)) then
        tmp = x * -y
    else
        tmp = (x * (0.5d0 - y)) + ((x * (x * 0.125d0)) + log(2.0d0))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double y) {
	return Math.log((1.0 + Math.exp(x))) - (x * y);
}

↓

public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double tmp;
	if (x <= -33469073.123140775) {
		tmp = x * -y;
	} else {
		tmp = (x * (0.5 - y)) + ((x * (x * 0.125)) + Math.log(2.0));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x, y):
	return math.log((1.0 + math.exp(x))) - (x * y)

↓

def code(x, y):
	tmp = 0
	if x <= -33469073.123140775:
		tmp = x * -y
	else:
		tmp = (x * (0.5 - y)) + ((x * (x * 0.125)) + math.log(2.0))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x, y)
	return Float64(log(Float64(1.0 + exp(x))) - Float64(x * y))
end

↓

function code(x, y)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x <= -33469073.123140775)
		tmp = Float64(x * Float64(-y));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(x * Float64(0.5 - y)) + Float64(Float64(x * Float64(x * 0.125)) + log(2.0)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x, y)
	tmp = log((1.0 + exp(x))) - (x * y);
end

↓

function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x <= -33469073.123140775)
		tmp = x * -y;
	else
		tmp = (x * (0.5 - y)) + ((x * (x * 0.125)) + log(2.0));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_, y_] := N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

↓

code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[x, -33469073.123140775], N[(x * (-y)), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(x * N[(0.5 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(x * N[(x * 0.125), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Target

Original	0.5
Target	0.0
Herbie	0.6

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(1 + e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(1 + e^{-x}\right) - \left(-x\right) \cdot \left(1 - y\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if x < -33469073.123140775

   1. Initial program 0

      \[\log \left(1 + e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y \]

   2. Taylor expanded in x around inf 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(y \cdot x\right)} \]

   3. Simplified 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot \left(-x\right)} \]
      Proof
      (*.f64 y (neg.f64 x)): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
      (Rewrite<= distribute-rgt-neg-in_binary64 (neg.f64 (*.f64 y x))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
      (Rewrite<= mul-1-neg_binary64 (*.f64 -1 (*.f64 y x))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error

   if -33469073.123140775 < x

   1. Initial program 0.6

      \[\log \left(1 + e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y \]

   2. Taylor expanded in x around 0 0.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.5 - y\right) \cdot x + \left(0.125 \cdot {x}^{2} + \log 2\right)} \]

   3. Applied egg-rr 0.8

      \[\leadsto \left(0.5 - y\right) \cdot x + \left(\color{blue}{\left(0 + x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.125\right)\right)} + \log 2\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 0.6

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -33469073.123140775:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(-y\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(0.5 - y\right) + \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot 0.125\right) + \log 2\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternatives

Alternative 1
Error	0.4
Cost	13376

\[3 \cdot \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{x}\right)\right) - x \cdot y \]

Alternative 2
Error	0.4
Cost	13120

\[\mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{x}\right) - x \cdot y \]

Alternative 3
Error	13.3
Cost	7116

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := x \cdot \left(-y\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -3.479592558766287 \cdot 10^{-25}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 5.1792799326932635 \cdot 10^{-182}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log 2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 2.0469331298371648 \cdot 10^{-156}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log 2 + x \cdot 0.5\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4
Error	12.8
Cost	6992

\[\begin{array}{l} t_0 := x \cdot \left(-y\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -3.479592558766287 \cdot 10^{-25}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 5.1792799326932635 \cdot 10^{-182}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log 2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 2.0469331298371648 \cdot 10^{-156}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x \leq 1.7496858793917048 \cdot 10^{-40}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log 2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(0.5 - y\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5
Error	0.6
Cost	6980

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -23.651518829085763:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(-y\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(0.5 - y\right) + \log 2\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 6
Error	1.0
Cost	6852

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq -33469073.123140775:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot \left(-y\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log 2 - x \cdot y\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 7
Error	33.9
Cost	256

\[x \cdot \left(-y\right) \]

Alternative 8
Error	61.8
Cost	192

\[x \cdot 0.5 \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2022297 
(FPCore (x y)
  :name "Logistic regression 2"
  :precision binary64

  :herbie-target
  (if (<= x 0.0) (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)) (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp (- x)))) (* (- x) (- 1.0 y))))

  (- (log (+ 1.0 (exp x))) (* x y)))