UniformSampleCone, x

Average Error: 13.6 → 0.3

Time: 18.6s

Precision: binary32

Cost: 13504

\[\left(\left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq ux \land ux \leq 1\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq uy \land uy \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(0 \leq maxCos \land maxCos \leq 1\right)\]

Math

\[\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

↓

\[\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos + -1, -2 \cdot ux, ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - maxCos\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]

FPCore

(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  (cos (* (* uy 2.0) PI))
  (sqrt
   (- 1.0 (* (+ (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)) (+ (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)))))))

↓

(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  (sqrt
   (fma
    (+ maxCos -1.0)
    (* -2.0 ux)
    (* ux (* (- 1.0 maxCos) (* ux (+ maxCos -1.0))))))
  (cos (* 2.0 (* uy PI)))))

C

float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return cosf(((uy * 2.0f) * ((float) M_PI))) * sqrtf((1.0f - (((1.0f - ux) + (ux * maxCos)) * ((1.0f - ux) + (ux * maxCos)))));
}

↓

float code(float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return sqrtf(fmaf((maxCos + -1.0f), (-2.0f * ux), (ux * ((1.0f - maxCos) * (ux * (maxCos + -1.0f)))))) * cosf((2.0f * (uy * ((float) M_PI))));
}

Julia

function code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(cos(Float32(Float32(uy * Float32(2.0)) * Float32(pi))) * sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) + Float32(ux * maxCos)) * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) + Float32(ux * maxCos))))))
end

↓

function code(ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(sqrt(fma(Float32(maxCos + Float32(-1.0)), Float32(Float32(-2.0) * ux), Float32(ux * Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - maxCos) * Float32(ux * Float32(maxCos + Float32(-1.0))))))) * cos(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(uy * Float32(pi)))))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 13.6

   \[\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) + ux \cdot maxCos\right)} \]

2. Simplified 13.5

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(ux, maxCos - 1, 1\right), ux - \mathsf{fma}\left(ux, maxCos, 1\right), 1\right)}} \]
   Proof
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 uy (*.f32 2 (PI.f32)))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (fma.f32 ux (-.f32 maxCos 1) 1) (-.f32 ux (fma.f32 ux maxCos 1)) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (Rewrite<= associate-*l*_binary32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32)))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (fma.f32 ux (-.f32 maxCos 1) 1) (-.f32 ux (fma.f32 ux maxCos 1)) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (fma.f32 ux (Rewrite=> sub-neg_binary32 (+.f32 maxCos (neg.f32 1))) 1) (-.f32 ux (fma.f32 ux maxCos 1)) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (fma.f32 ux (+.f32 maxCos (Rewrite=> metadata-eval -1)) 1) (-.f32 ux (fma.f32 ux maxCos 1)) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (fma.f32 ux (Rewrite<= +-commutative_binary32 (+.f32 -1 maxCos)) 1) (-.f32 ux (fma.f32 ux maxCos 1)) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (Rewrite<= fma-def_binary32 (+.f32 (*.f32 ux (+.f32 -1 maxCos)) 1)) (-.f32 ux (fma.f32 ux maxCos 1)) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (+.f32 (Rewrite<= distribute-rgt-out_binary32 (+.f32 (*.f32 -1 ux) (*.f32 maxCos ux))) 1) (-.f32 ux (fma.f32 ux maxCos 1)) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 1 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (+.f32 (+.f32 (Rewrite<= neg-mul-1_binary32 (neg.f32 ux)) (*.f32 maxCos ux)) 1) (-.f32 ux (fma.f32 ux maxCos 1)) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (+.f32 (+.f32 (neg.f32 ux) (Rewrite<= *-commutative_binary32 (*.f32 ux maxCos))) 1) (-.f32 ux (fma.f32 ux maxCos 1)) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (Rewrite<= +-commutative_binary32 (+.f32 1 (+.f32 (neg.f32 ux) (*.f32 ux maxCos)))) (-.f32 ux (fma.f32 ux maxCos 1)) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (Rewrite<= associate-+l+_binary32 (+.f32 (+.f32 1 (neg.f32 ux)) (*.f32 ux maxCos))) (-.f32 ux (fma.f32 ux maxCos 1)) 1))): 5 points increase in error, 2 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (+.f32 (Rewrite<= sub-neg_binary32 (-.f32 1 ux)) (*.f32 ux maxCos)) (-.f32 ux (fma.f32 ux maxCos 1)) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (+.f32 (-.f32 1 ux) (*.f32 ux maxCos)) (-.f32 ux (Rewrite<= fma-def_binary32 (+.f32 (*.f32 ux maxCos) 1))) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (+.f32 (-.f32 1 ux) (*.f32 ux maxCos)) (Rewrite<= unsub-neg_binary32 (+.f32 ux (neg.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 ux maxCos) 1)))) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (+.f32 (-.f32 1 ux) (*.f32 ux maxCos)) (+.f32 (Rewrite<= remove-double-neg_binary32 (neg.f32 (neg.f32 ux))) (neg.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 ux maxCos) 1))) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (+.f32 (-.f32 1 ux) (*.f32 ux maxCos)) (Rewrite<= distribute-neg-in_binary32 (neg.f32 (+.f32 (neg.f32 ux) (+.f32 (*.f32 ux maxCos) 1)))) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (+.f32 (-.f32 1 ux) (*.f32 ux maxCos)) (neg.f32 (Rewrite<= +-commutative_binary32 (+.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 ux maxCos) 1) (neg.f32 ux)))) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (+.f32 (-.f32 1 ux) (*.f32 ux maxCos)) (neg.f32 (Rewrite<= associate-+r+_binary32 (+.f32 (*.f32 ux maxCos) (+.f32 1 (neg.f32 ux))))) 1))): 4 points increase in error, 7 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (+.f32 (-.f32 1 ux) (*.f32 ux maxCos)) (neg.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 ux maxCos) (Rewrite<= sub-neg_binary32 (-.f32 1 ux)))) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (fma.f32 (+.f32 (-.f32 1 ux) (*.f32 ux maxCos)) (neg.f32 (Rewrite<= +-commutative_binary32 (+.f32 (-.f32 1 ux) (*.f32 ux maxCos)))) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (Rewrite<= fma-def_binary32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (+.f32 (-.f32 1 ux) (*.f32 ux maxCos)) (neg.f32 (+.f32 (-.f32 1 ux) (*.f32 ux maxCos)))) 1)))): 101 points increase in error, 65 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (+.f32 (Rewrite<= *-commutative_binary32 (*.f32 (neg.f32 (+.f32 (-.f32 1 ux) (*.f32 ux maxCos))) (+.f32 (-.f32 1 ux) (*.f32 ux maxCos)))) 1))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (Rewrite<= +-commutative_binary32 (+.f32 1 (*.f32 (neg.f32 (+.f32 (-.f32 1 ux) (*.f32 ux maxCos))) (+.f32 (-.f32 1 ux) (*.f32 ux maxCos))))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 uy 2) (PI.f32))) (sqrt.f32 (Rewrite<= cancel-sign-sub-inv_binary32 (-.f32 1 (*.f32 (+.f32 (-.f32 1 ux) (*.f32 ux maxCos)) (+.f32 (-.f32 1 ux) (*.f32 ux maxCos))))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error

3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0 0.3

   \[\leadsto \cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(maxCos - 1\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - maxCos\right) \cdot {ux}^{2}\right) + ux \cdot \left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot \left(maxCos - 1\right)\right) - maxCos\right)}} \]

4. Taylor expanded in uy around inf 0.3

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(maxCos - 1\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - maxCos\right) \cdot {ux}^{2}\right) + ux \cdot \left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot \left(maxCos - 1\right)\right) - maxCos\right)}} \]

5. Simplified 0.3

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{ux \cdot \left(\left(\left(maxCos + -1\right) \cdot \left(1 - maxCos\right)\right) \cdot ux + \left(maxCos + -1\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right)} \]
   Proof
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (*.f32 ux (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (+.f32 maxCos -1) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) ux) (*.f32 (+.f32 maxCos -1) -2)))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (*.f32 ux (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (+.f32 maxCos (Rewrite<= metadata-eval (neg.f32 1))) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) ux) (*.f32 (+.f32 maxCos -1) -2)))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (*.f32 ux (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (Rewrite<= sub-neg_binary32 (-.f32 maxCos 1)) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) ux) (*.f32 (+.f32 maxCos -1) -2)))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (*.f32 ux (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) ux) (*.f32 (+.f32 maxCos (Rewrite<= metadata-eval (neg.f32 1))) -2)))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (*.f32 ux (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) ux) (*.f32 (Rewrite<= sub-neg_binary32 (-.f32 maxCos 1)) -2)))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (*.f32 ux (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) ux) (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (Rewrite<= metadata-eval (+.f32 -1 -1)))))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (*.f32 ux (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) ux) (Rewrite<= distribute-rgt-out_binary32 (+.f32 (*.f32 -1 (-.f32 maxCos 1)) (*.f32 -1 (-.f32 maxCos 1))))))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (*.f32 ux (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) ux) (+.f32 (*.f32 -1 (-.f32 maxCos 1)) (Rewrite=> mul-1-neg_binary32 (neg.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1))))))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (*.f32 ux (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) ux) (+.f32 (*.f32 -1 (-.f32 maxCos 1)) (neg.f32 (Rewrite=> sub-neg_binary32 (+.f32 maxCos (neg.f32 1)))))))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (*.f32 ux (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) ux) (+.f32 (*.f32 -1 (-.f32 maxCos 1)) (neg.f32 (+.f32 maxCos (Rewrite=> metadata-eval -1))))))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (*.f32 ux (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) ux) (+.f32 (*.f32 -1 (-.f32 maxCos 1)) (Rewrite=> distribute-neg-in_binary32 (+.f32 (neg.f32 maxCos) (neg.f32 -1))))))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (*.f32 ux (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) ux) (+.f32 (*.f32 -1 (-.f32 maxCos 1)) (+.f32 (neg.f32 maxCos) (Rewrite=> metadata-eval 1)))))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (*.f32 ux (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) ux) (+.f32 (*.f32 -1 (-.f32 maxCos 1)) (Rewrite<= +-commutative_binary32 (+.f32 1 (neg.f32 maxCos))))))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (*.f32 ux (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) ux) (+.f32 (*.f32 -1 (-.f32 maxCos 1)) (Rewrite<= sub-neg_binary32 (-.f32 1 maxCos)))))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (*.f32 ux (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) ux) (Rewrite<= associate--l+_binary32 (-.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 -1 (-.f32 maxCos 1)) 1) maxCos))))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 2 points increase in error, 2 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (*.f32 ux (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) ux) (-.f32 (Rewrite<= +-commutative_binary32 (+.f32 1 (*.f32 -1 (-.f32 maxCos 1)))) maxCos)))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (Rewrite<= distribute-rgt-out_binary32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) ux) ux) (*.f32 (-.f32 (+.f32 1 (*.f32 -1 (-.f32 maxCos 1))) maxCos) ux)))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 8 points increase in error, 9 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (+.f32 (Rewrite<= associate-*r*_binary32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) (*.f32 ux ux))) (*.f32 (-.f32 (+.f32 1 (*.f32 -1 (-.f32 maxCos 1))) maxCos) ux))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (-.f32 1 maxCos)) (Rewrite<= unpow2_binary32 (pow.f32 ux 2))) (*.f32 (-.f32 (+.f32 1 (*.f32 -1 (-.f32 maxCos 1))) maxCos) ux))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (+.f32 (Rewrite<= associate-*r*_binary32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (*.f32 (-.f32 1 maxCos) (pow.f32 ux 2)))) (*.f32 (-.f32 (+.f32 1 (*.f32 -1 (-.f32 maxCos 1))) maxCos) ux))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 1 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f32 (sqrt.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (*.f32 (-.f32 1 maxCos) (pow.f32 ux 2))) (Rewrite<= *-commutative_binary32 (*.f32 ux (-.f32 (+.f32 1 (*.f32 -1 (-.f32 maxCos 1))) maxCos))))) (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (Rewrite<= *-commutative_binary32 (*.f32 (cos.f32 (*.f32 2 (*.f32 uy (PI.f32)))) (sqrt.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (-.f32 maxCos 1) (*.f32 (-.f32 1 maxCos) (pow.f32 ux 2))) (*.f32 ux (-.f32 (+.f32 1 (*.f32 -1 (-.f32 maxCos 1))) maxCos)))))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error

6. Applied egg-rr 0.3

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos - 1, -2 \cdot ux, ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - maxCos\right) \cdot \left(\left(maxCos - 1\right) \cdot ux\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]

7. Final simplification 0.3

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos + -1, -2 \cdot ux, ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - maxCos\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \]

Alternatives

Alternative 1
Error	0.3
Cost	10304

\[\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - maxCos\right) \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right) + -2 \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)} \]

Alternative 2
Error	0.3
Cost	10176

\[\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - maxCos\right) \cdot \left(2 + ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)\right)} \]

Alternative 3
Error	3.4
Cost	9988

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;2 \cdot uy \leq 0.004000000189989805:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, -2 \cdot \left(ux - ux \cdot ux\right), ux + ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) - ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \left(\pi \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot 2}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4
Error	2.4
Cost	9920

\[\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 - ux\right)} \]

Alternative 5
Error	6.5
Cost	7072

\[\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, -2 \cdot \left(ux - ux \cdot ux\right), ux + ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) - ux \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)\right)\right)} \]

Alternative 6
Error	6.5
Cost	3616

\[\sqrt{ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - maxCos\right) \cdot \left(2 + ux \cdot \left(maxCos + -1\right)\right)\right)} \]

Alternative 7
Error	7.9
Cost	3424

\[\sqrt{ux - \left(ux \cdot ux - ux\right)} \]

Alternative 8
Error	7.9
Cost	3424

\[\sqrt{ux \cdot 2 - ux \cdot ux} \]

Alternative 9
Error	7.9
Cost	3424

\[\sqrt{ux + ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)} \]

Alternative 10
Error	7.9
Cost	3360

\[\sqrt{ux \cdot \left(2 - ux\right)} \]

Alternative 11
Error	12.2
Cost	3296

\[\sqrt{ux \cdot 2} \]

Alternative 12
Error	22.3
Cost	3232

\[\sqrt{ux} \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2022294 
(FPCore (ux uy maxCos)
  :name "UniformSampleCone, x"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 ux) (<= ux 1.0)) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 uy) (<= uy 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0 maxCos) (<= maxCos 1.0)))
  (* (cos (* (* uy 2.0) PI)) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (+ (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)) (+ (- 1.0 ux) (* ux maxCos)))))))