Migdal et al, Equation (64)

Average Error: 0.5 → 0.5

Time: 18.8s

Precision: binary64

Cost: 19840

Math

\[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

↓

\[\left(\cos th \cdot {2}^{-0.5}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  (* (/ (cos th) (sqrt 2.0)) (* a1 a1))
  (* (/ (cos th) (sqrt 2.0)) (* a2 a2))))

↓

(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* (cos th) (pow 2.0 -0.5)) (fma a1 a1 (* a2 a2))))

C

double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return ((cos(th) / sqrt(2.0)) * (a1 * a1)) + ((cos(th) / sqrt(2.0)) * (a2 * a2));
}

↓

double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return (cos(th) * pow(2.0, -0.5)) * fma(a1, a1, (a2 * a2));
}

Julia

function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(cos(th) / sqrt(2.0)) * Float64(a1 * a1)) + Float64(Float64(cos(th) / sqrt(2.0)) * Float64(a2 * a2)))
end

↓

function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64(Float64(cos(th) * (2.0 ^ -0.5)) * fma(a1, a1, Float64(a2 * a2)))
end

Wolfram

code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a1 * a1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a2 * a2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

↓

code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[(N[(N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[2.0, -0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a1 * a1 + N[(a2 * a2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 0.5

   \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

2. Simplified 0.5

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]
   Proof
   (*.f64 (/.f64 (cos.f64 th) (sqrt.f64 2)) (fma.f64 a1 a1 (*.f64 a2 a2))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (*.f64 (/.f64 (cos.f64 th) (sqrt.f64 2)) (Rewrite<= fma-def_binary64 (+.f64 (*.f64 a1 a1) (*.f64 a2 a2)))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error
   (Rewrite<= distribute-lft-out_binary64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (cos.f64 th) (sqrt.f64 2)) (*.f64 a1 a1)) (*.f64 (/.f64 (cos.f64 th) (sqrt.f64 2)) (*.f64 a2 a2)))): 0 points increase in error, 0 points decrease in error

3. Applied egg-rr 0.5

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos th \cdot {2}^{-0.5}\right)} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

4. Final simplification 0.5

   \[\leadsto \left(\cos th \cdot {2}^{-0.5}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

Alternatives

Alternative 1
Error	0.5
Cost	19776

\[\mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \]

Alternative 2
Error	20.2
Cost	19716

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a1 \leq -6.895388867423736 \cdot 10^{-118}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \left(\cos th \cdot {a1}^{2}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a2 \cdot \left(\cos th \cdot \left({2}^{-0.5} \cdot a2\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 3
Error	14.6
Cost	13512

\[\begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{a1 \cdot a1}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;th \leq -3.9906182403689283:\\ \;\;\;\;t_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;th \leq 0.002483737705752506:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t_1\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 4
Error	20.2
Cost	13444

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a1 \leq -6.895388867423736 \cdot 10^{-118}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot \left(\cos th \cdot a1\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a2 \cdot \left(\cos th \cdot \left({2}^{-0.5} \cdot a2\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 5
Error	35.8
Cost	13380

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a1 \leq -2.5046604245213564 \cdot 10^{-160}:\\ \;\;\;\;a1 \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{a1}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{a2 \cdot a2}{2}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 6
Error	35.8
Cost	13380

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a1 \leq -2.5046604245213564 \cdot 10^{-160}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos th \cdot \frac{a1}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{a1}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{a2 \cdot a2}{2}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 7
Error	35.8
Cost	13380

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a1 \leq -2.5046604245213564 \cdot 10^{-160}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a1 \cdot a1}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{a2 \cdot a2}{2}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 8
Error	20.2
Cost	13380

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a1 \leq -6.895388867423736 \cdot 10^{-118}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a1 \cdot a1}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a2 \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{a2}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 9
Error	20.3
Cost	13380

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a1 \leq -6.895388867423736 \cdot 10^{-118}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a1 \cdot a1}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a2 \cdot \left(\cos th \cdot a2\right)}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 10
Error	20.3
Cost	13380

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a1 \leq -6.895388867423736 \cdot 10^{-118}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot \left(\cos th \cdot a1\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a2 \cdot \left(\cos th \cdot a2\right)}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 11
Error	42.0
Cost	6980

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a1 \leq -3.0393027398314696 \cdot 10^{-136}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a2 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{a2 \cdot a2}{2}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 12
Error	36.6
Cost	6852

\[\begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a1 \leq -3.0393027398314696 \cdot 10^{-136}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{0.5} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \end{array} \]

Alternative 13
Error	40.8
Cost	6720

\[\frac{a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}} \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2022290 
(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
  :name "Migdal et al, Equation (64)"
  :precision binary64
  (+ (* (/ (cos th) (sqrt 2.0)) (* a1 a1)) (* (/ (cos th) (sqrt 2.0)) (* a2 a2))))