Average Error: 23.3 → 0.3
Time: 4.2s
Precision: binary64
\[\left(0 \leq x \land x \leq 1000000000\right) \land \left(-1 \leq \varepsilon \land \varepsilon \leq 1\right)\]
\[x - \sqrt{x \cdot x - \varepsilon} \]
↓
\[\frac{\left(x \cdot x - x \cdot x\right) + \varepsilon}{x + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -\varepsilon\right)}} \]
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- x (sqrt (- (* x x) eps))))
↓
(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- (* x x) (* x x)) eps) (+ x (sqrt (fma x x (- eps))))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
	return x - sqrt(((x * x) - eps));
}
↓
double code(double x, double eps) {
	return (((x * x) - (x * x)) + eps) / (x + sqrt(fma(x, x, -eps)));
}

function code(x, eps)
	return Float64(x - sqrt(Float64(Float64(x * x) - eps)))
end
↓
function code(x, eps)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - Float64(x * x)) + eps) / Float64(x + sqrt(fma(x, x, Float64(-eps)))))
end

code[x_, eps_] := N[(x - N[Sqrt[N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
↓
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + eps), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x + N[Sqrt[N[(x * x + (-eps)), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

x - \sqrt{x \cdot x - \varepsilon}
↓
\frac{\left(x \cdot x - x \cdot x\right) + \varepsilon}{x + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -\varepsilon\right)}}

Error

Target

Original23.3
Target0.3
Herbie0.3
\[\frac{\varepsilon}{x + \sqrt{x \cdot x - \varepsilon}} \]

Derivation

  1. Initial program 23.3

    \[x - \sqrt{x \cdot x - \varepsilon} \]

  2. Applied egg-rr0.3

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(x \cdot x - x \cdot x\right) + \varepsilon}{x + \sqrt{x \cdot x - \varepsilon}}} \]

  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0 0.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(x \cdot x - x \cdot x\right) + \varepsilon}{x + \sqrt{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \varepsilon + {x}^{2}}}} \]

  4. Simplified0.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(x \cdot x - x \cdot x\right) + \varepsilon}{x + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -\varepsilon\right)}}} \]

  5. Final simplification0.3

    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(x \cdot x - x \cdot x\right) + \varepsilon}{x + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, -\varepsilon\right)}} \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2022210 
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "ENA, Section 1.4, Exercise 4d"
  :precision binary64
  :pre (and (and (<= 0.0 x) (<= x 1000000000.0)) (and (<= -1.0 eps) (<= eps 1.0)))

  :herbie-target
  (/ eps (+ x (sqrt (- (* x x) eps))))

  (- x (sqrt (- (* x x) eps))))