Average Error: 16.8 → 3.8
Time: 21.3s
Precision: binary64
\[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R \]
↓
\[\cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (acos
   (+
    (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2))
    (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2)))))
  R))
↓
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (acos
   (fma
    (sin phi1)
    (sin phi2)
    (*
     (+ (* (cos lambda1) (cos lambda2)) (* (sin lambda1) (sin lambda2)))
     (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)))))
  R))
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return acos(((sin(phi1) * sin(phi2)) + ((cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos((lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R;
}
↓
double code(double R, double lambda1, double lambda2, double phi1, double phi2) {
	return acos(fma(sin(phi1), sin(phi2), (((cos(lambda1) * cos(lambda2)) + (sin(lambda1) * sin(lambda2))) * (cos(phi1) * cos(phi2))))) * R;
}

function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(acos(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(phi2)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi2)) * cos(Float64(lambda1 - lambda2))))) * R)
end
↓
function code(R, lambda1, lambda2, phi1, phi2)
	return Float64(acos(fma(sin(phi1), sin(phi2), Float64(Float64(Float64(cos(lambda1) * cos(lambda2)) + Float64(sin(lambda1) * sin(lambda2))) * Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi2))))) * R)
end

code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(N[ArcCos[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(lambda1 - lambda2), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]
↓
code[R_, lambda1_, lambda2_, phi1_, phi2_] := N[(N[ArcCos[N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi2], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[lambda1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[lambda2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Sin[lambda1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[lambda2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * R), $MachinePrecision]

\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R
↓
\cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot R

Error

Bits error versus R

Bits error versus lambda1

Bits error versus lambda2

Bits error versus phi1

Bits error versus phi2

Derivation

  1. Initial program 16.8

    \[\cos^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_2 + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right) \cdot R \]

  2. Simplified16.8

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\lambda_1 - \lambda_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot R} \]

  3. Applied cos-diff_binary643.8

    \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right)}\right)\right) \cdot R \]

  4. Applied *-commutative_binary643.8

    \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, \color{blue}{\left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)}\right)\right) \cdot R \]

  5. Final simplification3.8

    \[\leadsto \cos^{-1} \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \sin \phi_2, \left(\cos \lambda_1 \cdot \cos \lambda_2 + \sin \lambda_1 \cdot \sin \lambda_2\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_2\right)\right)\right) \cdot R \]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2022137 
(FPCore (R lambda1 lambda2 phi1 phi2)
  :name "Spherical law of cosines"
  :precision binary64
  (* (acos (+ (* (sin phi1) (sin phi2)) (* (* (cos phi1) (cos phi2)) (cos (- lambda1 lambda2))))) R))